牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit3 Back to the Past单词讲义.docx

1、牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit3 Back to the Past单词讲义breadth词性：名词中文意思：宽度，广度英文释义：The distance from side to side of something.词源：来自古英语 bredd, bret，意为“宽度”。例句：The breadth of the river is too wide for us to cross.固定搭配：breadth of mind（宽广的心胸）近义词：width, scope, rangeconvince词性：动词中文意思：使确信，说服英文释义：To make someone f

2、eel certain; persuade.词源：来自拉丁语 convincere，意为“彻底击败，征服”。例句：I convinced him that he should go to the doctor.固定搭配：be convinced of（确信）近义词：persuade, assure, influencevoyage词性：名词/动词中文意思：航行，旅行英文释义：A long journey by sea or in space. （名词）；To travel by ship or spacecraft. （动词）词源：来自中世纪法语 voyaige，意为“旅行”。例句：We ar

3、e planning a voyage to Europe next summer.（名词）They will voyage across the Atlantic Ocean.（动词）固定搭配：go on a voyage（开始一次航行）近义词：journey, trip, travelnavigate词性：动词中文意思：导航，驾驶（船只等）英文释义：To direct the course of a ship, airplane, etc.；To find ones way through (a place).词源：来自拉丁语 navigare，意为“航行”。例句：He navigated

4、 his boat through the stormy waters.固定搭配：navigate through（通过导航找到路线）近义词：direct, pilot, guideload词性：名词/动词中文意思：负荷，装载，加载英文释义：A heavy weight that is carried or supported；To put things into a vehicle, container, etc.；To fill with a specified amount of something. （名词）；To put a load on; burden. （动词）词源：来自古英语

5、 lodan，意为“负荷”。例句：The truck was loaded with boxes of fruit.（名词）Please help me to load these bags into the car.（动词）compass词性：名词、动词中文意思：指南针；包围；包含英文释义：n. a magnetic instrument that shows the direction of north, south, east, and west; v. to surround or enclose completely词源：来自拉丁语的compassa，意为“围绕”或“包围”。例句：T

6、he compass needle pointed north.（指南针指向北方。）固定搭配：compass card（罗盘卡）；compass rose（罗盘图）；compass point（罗盘点）近义词：encircle, surround, envelopstrengthen词性：动词中文意思：加强；增强英文释义：to make something stronger or more effective词源：来自古英语的strengthenian，意为“使强大”。例句：Exercise can help to strengthen your muscles.（锻炼可以帮助增强你的肌肉。）

7、固定搭配：strengthen ones position（巩固某人的地位）；strengthen ones resolve（坚定某人的决心）；strengthen ties（加强联系）近义词：increase, enhance, fortifyharmonious词性：形容词中文意思：和谐的；协调的英文释义：existing in peaceful agreement; pleasing because of being well-organized and matching each other词源：来自希腊语的harmonia，意为“和谐”。例句：The harmonious relat

8、ionship between the two countries has lasted for decades.（两国之间的和谐关系已经持续了几十年。）固定搭配：harmonious society（和谐社会）；harmonious color scheme（和谐的色彩搭配）；harmonious atmosphere（和谐的氛围）近义词：harmonious, concordant, agreeable, compatibledismiss词性：动词中文意思：解雇；驳回；不予考虑英文释义：to officially tell someone that they no longer have

9、 a job; to refuse to consider something as true or important词源：来自拉丁语的dismissus，意为“释放”。例句：The boss dismissed the employee for poor performance.（老板因员工表现不佳而解雇了他。）固定搭配：dismissal notice（解雇通知）；dismiss from school（开除学籍）；dismiss a claim（驳回索赔）近义词：fire, discharge, reject, eliminateproof词性：名词、形容词中文意思：证据；证明；防的；

10、耐的英文释义：n. evidence that something is true or correct; adj. able to be protected from damage or decay by being covered with a substance that prevents it; able to be resisted or endured by being protected by something else词源：来自古法语的prouver，意为“证明”。例句：There is no proof that he was involved in the crime.（

11、没有证据表明他参与了犯罪。）acknowledge词性：动词中文意思：承认，认可英文释义：to accept or admit the truth or existence of (something)词源：来自古法语的aknowencier，意为“知道”例句：He refused to acknowledge my presence.固定搭配：acknowledge receipt（确认收到）近义词：admit, confess, recognizeinfluential词性：形容词中文意思：有影响力的，有势力的英文释义：having a significant effect or powe

12、r to influence others词源：来自拉丁语的influentia，意为“影响”例句：She is an influential figure in the fashion industry.固定搭配：influential person/power（有影响力的人/力量）近义词：powerful, impactful, persuasiveinsist词性：动词中文意思：坚持，坚决要求英文释义：to demand something forcefully and persistently词源：来自拉丁语的insistere，意为“坚持”例句：I insist that you a

13、pologize for your behavior.固定搭配：insist on/upon（坚持，坚决要求）近义词：demand, assert, maintainroute词性：名词中文意思：路线，路程英文释义：a planned way of getting from one place to another词源：来自古法语route，意为“道路”例句：The quickest route to the airport is through the highway.固定搭配：bus route（公交线路），route map（路线图）近义词：path, course, journeyfi

14、nancial词性：形容词中文意思：财务的，金融的英文释义：related to money and finances词源：来自拉丁语的financia，意为“财政”例句：The companys financial situation is not good.固定搭配：financial aid（经济援助），financial report（财务报告）近义词：monetary, economic, fiscaldepart词性：动词中文意思：离开，出发英文释义：to go away from a place or person词源：来自拉丁语的“departere”，意为“分开”例句：He

15、will depart for Paris tomorrow.（他明天将出发去巴黎。）固定搭配：depart from（离开，背离）近义词：leave, go, set offshortage词性：名词中文意思：短缺，不足英文释义：an amount or number that is less than what is needed or wanted词源：来自中古英语的“shorte cotage”，意为“短租”例句：There is a shortage of food in the area.（这个地区食物短缺。）固定搭配：shortage of（缺乏，短缺）近义词：deficienc

16、y, scarcity, lackleak词性：动词/名词中文意思：泄漏，泄露英文释义：to allow liquid or gas to escape slowly through a small opening；a thing that has escaped through a small opening词源：来自古英语的“lecan”，意为“流，溢出”例句：The roof is leaking.（屋顶在漏水。）固定搭配：leak out（泄露，走漏）近义词：spill, escape, seeppanic词性：名词/动词中文意思：恐慌，惊慌失措英文释义：a sudden feelin

17、g of fear and anxiety；to be afraid suddenly and uncontrollably词源：来自希腊语的“panikos”，意为“恐惧”例句：People started to panic when the building caught fire.（当大楼起火时，人们开始恐慌。）固定搭配：panic attack（恐慌发作）近义词：fear, terror, alarmregardless词性：副词中文意思：不管，不顾英文释义：without taking into account; in spite of that; not caring about

18、something or someone词源：来自古法语的“regardant”，意为“看，注视”例句：Regardless of the weather, we are going on a picnic.（无论天气如何，我们都要去野餐。）subsequent词性：形容词中文意思：随后的，后来的英文释义：coming after in time or order词源：来自拉丁语subsequens，意为“跟随在后面的”例句：The subsequent events proved that he was right.固定搭配：subsequent to（在之后）近义词：following,

19、later, succeedingcaptain词性：名词、动词中文意思：队长，船长；指挥，率领英文释义：a person who is in charge of a ship, team, etc.; to be in charge of or command (a group)词源：来自拉丁语caput，意为“头”例句：He was made captain of the football team.固定搭配：captain of industry（工业巨头）近义词：leader, commander, headastonish词性：动词中文意思：使惊讶，使吃惊英文释义：to surpri

20、se someone very much by doing something unexpected or impressive词源：来自中古英语astonien，意为“使震惊”例句：Her singing ability astonished everyone.固定搭配：be astonished at（对感到惊讶）近义词：surprise, amaze, shockroyal词性：形容词中文意思：皇家的，王室的；极好的，盛大的英文释义：related to a king or queen; extremely good or impressive词源：来自拉丁语regalis，意为“与国王

21、有关的”例句：She wore a dress with a royal blue skirt.固定搭配：royal family（皇室家族）近义词：imperial, majestic, splendidliterary词性：形容词中文意思：文学的，文艺的；有才情的，文雅的英文释义：related to literature or writing; having or showing an interest in literature and art词源：来自拉丁语litteratus，意为“熟悉文学的”例句：She has a literary style of writing.固定搭配：

22、literary works（文学作品）近义词：artistic, cultured, refinedextensively词性：副词中文意思：广泛地，大量地英文释义：in a wide or large way词源：来自拉丁语的extensus，意为“伸展的”例句：The company has extensively researched the market before launching the new product.固定搭配：extensively study/read/travel近义词：widely, largely, broadlyfacilitate词性：动词中文意思：促

23、进，帮助，使容易英文释义：to make something easier to do or happen词源：来自拉丁语的facilitas，意为“容易”例句：The new technology will facilitate communication between people from different countries.固定搭配：facilitate learning/growth/collaboration近义词：assist, aid, promoteavailable词性：形容词中文意思：可用的，可获得的，有空的英文释义：able to be used or obtai

24、ned; not busy词源：来自拉丁语的available，意为“可达到的”例句：The tickets are available for purchase at the box office.固定搭配：available resources/options/time近义词：accessible, obtainable, freeprison词性：名词中文意思：监狱，监禁英文释义：a place where people who have broken the law are kept as a punishment词源：来自拉丁语的prison-em，意为“束缚”例句：He was s

25、entenced to five years in prison for robbery.固定搭配：go to prison/break out of prison/prison sentence近义词：jail, correctional facility, lockupminister词性：名词、动词中文意思：部长，牧师，主持（宗教仪式）英文释义：a person who is in charge of a particular government department; a religious leader who performs ceremonies in a church or

26、other place of worship词源：来自拉丁语的ministerium，意为“服务”例句：The finance minister announced new tax policies. (noun) The priest will minister to the congregation. (verb)exceptional (形容词)中文意思：异常的，特别的，卓越的英文释义：not ordinary or usual; unusual or remarkable词源：来自拉丁语 exceptionale，意为“例外的”例句：He has an exceptional memo

27、ry.固定搭配：exceptional talent, exceptional circumstances, exceptional performance近义词：extraordinary, outstanding, remarkablephrase (名词/动词)中文意思：短语，措辞，表达方式英文释义：a group of words that have a particular meaning together, express in words词源：来自法语 phrase，意为“措辞”例句：She used a common phrase to describe the situati

28、on.固定搭配：catchphrase, idiomatic phrase, turn of phrase近义词：expression, wording, dictionformat (名词/动词)中文意思：格式，样式，版式英文释义：the arrangement or organization of something, especially in printed material词源：来自拉丁语 formatus，意为“形成”例句：The book is available in different formats.固定搭配：file format, data format, audio

29、format近义词：style, layout, designshelf (名词)中文意思：架子，搁板，书架英文释义：a flat horizontal surface supported by one or more uprights, for holding books or other objects词源：来自古英语 scealf，意为“搁板”例句：She put the book back on the shelf.固定搭配：bookshelf, floating shelf, display shelf近义词：shelf, rack, standadopt (动词)中文意思：采用，收

30、养，接受英文释义：to take and use as ones own; to officially become a member of a family by legal means词源：来自拉丁语 adoptare，意为“采用”例句：They decided to adopt a new approach to the problem.固定搭配：adopt a child, adopt a policy, adopt a lifestyle近义词：embrace, take on, acceptcomparison (名词)中文意思：比较，对比，比喻英文释义：the act of co

31、mparing two or more things; the state of being compared; an expression that likens one thing to another词源：来自拉丁语 comparare，意为“比较”例句：There is no comparison between the two products.固定搭配：make a comparison, in comparison, by comparison近义词：contrast, analogy, metaphoraboard:词性：介词中文意思：在（船、飞机、车等）上英文释义：on or

32、 into (a ship, plane, train, etc.)词源：来自古英语 on bord，意为“在船上”例句：We will be aboard the ship by noon.固定搭配：get aboard, go aboard, come aboard近义词：on boardrub:词性：动词中文意思：摩擦，揉搓英文释义：to move ones body or part of it backwards and forwards against something else in order to clean, warm, comfort, etc.词源：来自古英语 rban

33、，意为“擦，磨”例句：She rubbed her eyes to wake up.固定搭配：rub off, rub out, rub shoulders with近义词：scratch, massage, chafewashroom:词性：名词中文意思：洗手间，厕所英文释义：a room containing a toilet and usually also a sink and sometimes a bath or shower词源：来自古英语 ws hm，意为“洗涤的地方”例句：I need to use the washroom.固定搭配：restroom, bathroom,

34、lavatory近义词：bathroom, toilet, restroomuniform:词性：名词/形容词中文意思：制服，军装；一致的，相同的英文释义：a set of clothes worn by members of a group or organization, especially the police or the armed forces; having a consistent appearance or style throughout词源：来自拉丁语 uniformis，意为“统一的”例句：The soldiers were wearing uniforms.固定搭配

35、：military uniform, school uniform, business uniform近义词：garb, attire, outfitviolently:词性：副词中文意思：猛烈地，激烈地英文释义：in a violent manner; with great force or intensity词源：来自拉丁语 violenter，意为“暴力地”例句：The wind was blowing violently.固定搭配：shake violently, argue violently, fight violently近义词：fiercely, intensely, fier

36、celyeagle：词性：名词中文意思：鹰英文释义：a large bird of prey with a strong hooked bill and long broad wings, typically found in mountainous regions.词源：来自古英语“eglu”，意为“鹰”。例句：The eagle soared high in the sky.（鹰在天空中翱翔。）固定搭配：an eagle eye（鹰眼，指锐利的目光）；broad-winged eagle（阔翅鹰）；bald eagle（秃头鹰）。近义词：hawk（鹰）。thunder：词性：名词、动词中文

37、意思：雷声；打雷英文释义：1. a loud explosive sound that is heard after a flash of lightning during a thunderstorm. 2. to make a deep resonant sound like thunder.词源：来自古英语“thunor”，意为“雷声”。例句：The thunder was so loud that it woke me up.（雷声太大了，把我吵醒了。）固定搭配：thunderbolt（闪电）；thunderstorm（雷暴）；rolling thunder（连续的雷声）。近义词：li

38、ghtning（闪电）。freeze：词性：动词中文意思：冻结；结冰；使僵硬英文释义：1. to become or cause to become solid by freezing; turn into ice. 2. to stop moving or progress; be completely immobile.词源：来自古英语“freosan”，意为“冻结”。例句：The lake freezes over in winter.（冬天湖面结冰。）固定搭配：freeze dry（冷冻干燥）；freeze frame（定格画面）；freeze out（排斥）。近义词：solidify

39、（固化）；stiffen（变硬）。meanwhile：词性：副词中文意思：与此同时；在此期间英文释义：at the same time as something else is happening; during the time that something else is happening.词源：来自中古英语“meanwile”，意为“同时”。例句：Ill start cooking dinner. Meanwhile, why dont you set the table?（我开始做晚饭，与此同时，你为什么不摆好餐具呢？）固定搭配：in the meanwhile（与此同时）；mean

40、while back（回顾过去）。近义词：meantime（同时）。drag：词性：动词、名词中文意思：拖；拽；缓慢而费力地移动英文释义：1. to pull along behind oneself; move slowly and with great effort. 2. a slow and difficult process of making someone do something they do not want to do.词源：来自古英语“dregan”，意为“拉”。例句：She dragged her suitcase through the airport.（她拖着行李

41、箱穿过机场。）固定搭配：drag on（拖延）；drag down（拖累）；drag race（汽车拉力赛）。近义词：pull（拉）；haul（拖）。chaos词性：名词中文意思：混乱，无序英文释义：a state of complete disorder and confusion词源：来自古希腊语“”（chaos），意为“虚空”或“混沌”例句：The city was in chaos after the earthquake.固定搭配：create chaos, cause chaos, descend into chaos近义词：disorder, turmoil, pandemoni

42、umplot词性：名词/动词中文意思：情节，阴谋英文释义：a secret plan to do something harmful or illegal; a storys main events and their order词源：来自拉丁语“plotus”，意为“小块土地”或“图案”例句：The detective uncovered a plot to assassinate the president.固定搭配：plot twist, love triangle plot, political plot近义词：scheme, conspiracy, intrigueinfamy词性：

43、名词中文意思：臭名，恶名英文释义：the state of being widely known for some bad quality or deed词源：来自拉丁语“infamia”，意为“耻辱”或“丢脸”例句：He was brought to infamy by his involvement in the scandal.固定搭配：bring infamy upon oneself, live in infamy, court infamy近义词：dishonor, shame, dishonorable reputationsink词性：动词/名词中文意思：下沉，水槽英文释义：t

44、o go down below the surface of water or another liquid; a basin or container used for washing dishes or other things词源：来自古英语“sincian”，意为“沉没”或“沉淀”例句：The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean.固定搭配：sink in, sink down, kitchen sink近义词：submerge, descend, dropmemorial词性：名词/形容词中文意思：纪念的，纪念碑英文释义：something tha

45、t reminds you of an important event or person; a structure built to commemorate a person or event词源：来自拉丁语“memoria”，意为“记忆”或“回忆”例句：The memorial service was held to honor the fallen soldiers.固定搭配：memorial plaque, memorial garden, memorial day近义词：monument, tribute, remembrancepray词性：动词中文意思：祈祷，祈求英文释义：to

46、speak or express wishes to God, especially in a religious way词源：来自古英语praeian，意为“请求”例句：I pray that you will be safe.（我祈祷你会平安。）固定搭配：pray for sb/sth（为某人/某事祈祷）；pray to do sth（祈求做某事）近义词：wish, hope, askepisode词性：名词中文意思：插曲，一段经历英文释义：a part of a story that is separated from the main story by a change of time, place, or characters词源：来自希腊语episodemon，意为“插入，添加”例句：The movie has many exciting episodes.（这部电影有很多激动人心的插曲。）固定搭配：TV episode（电视剧集）；crisis episode（危机事件）；key episode（关键事件）近义词：segment, section, eventtextile词性：名词中文意思：纺织品，