2024年高考英语复习：完形填空答题规律讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx

1、2024年高考英语复习：完形填空答题规律讲义误 区1完形填空是语法词汇题 在完形填空中，语法主要考查的还是定语从句，同位语从句，状语从句。这些知识点和单词量以及对文章的理解相比，所占比重并不算大，在完形填空中也不会出现特别多的题目。2认为完形填空需背大纲 1500个单词 完形填空需要你掌握的词汇，尤其是常考高频词，远远达不到1500单词的量。因此做完形填空的背单词理念是：通过真题背单词以真题为圆心，以努力为半径，画完美的中考备考圆对真题的把握标准：（1）翻开近三年真题，没有一个生词。（2）翻开近三年真题，没有一个难句。（3）翻开三年真题，知道所有选项对错的原因。解题技巧与方法+备考思路1卷子发

2、下来后，利用红花绿叶原则做题。红花词：背下来直接选的词某个单词在历年真题中每次出现都直接选，成功率 90%,偶有失误。常见红花词汇总howeveryetalthoughbecausefor examplewhilesuch asput downin questionavailableavailabilityin perspectiveaffectturn aroundtendcompanyperformaverage绿叶词：成功率 100%某个单词在历年真题中屡见屡不选（since，ever since，now that，what）涉及到虚拟语气的词：（if only ，in case ，le

3、st ，or else）表示关于的词一般都不选：（ as to ，about，or else ，with regard to with（in）reference to）what：为什么不选？（1）what 引导从句，只能引导主语，宾语，表语从句，而完形填空重点考定语从句，同位语从句。（2）what不能放在名词后（what=名词+that）（3）what 后面的从句不完整。两个红花：两个答案都能选=两个答案都不选红花偶尔会失手红花绿叶原则一般可做（2-5题）2ABCD选项的规律ABCD个数都是4-6个之间，四个答案均匀分布一般来说A最多（5-6个）没有连续3个都一样的情况，连续两个答案都一样的情

4、况是（0-3个），前后答案彼此不一样的是（17-20个）在5个一组的答案中，至少出现3个字母（此规律同样适用于阅读理解，阅读理解B最多，C的时代已经远去了）3文章基本特点首句首段一般不出题（只有 2001 年除外），除了首段外，基本每句都出题。每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者的态度（态度最重要，决定了整片文章的走向）总分结构进行到底。逻辑关系非常明确（五大逻辑关系:对立，因果，并列，总分，递进）4同义原则在四个选项中：当两个或三个实词或为同义词时，答案往往在其中当两个或三个虚词或为同义词时，答案往往不在其中当四个选项都有同一个意思时，该意思往往不能入选，要选有特殊意思的那一个。5动词及其解题的六种

5、方法（1）看主语，注意理解主谓搭配的一致性（主要看主语是人还是物）主语必须是人的动词：believe, regard, think, be impressed by, intend, require, doubt.assure/ impress+sb, side with, share with, confide to, credit sth.to sb.主语一般是物的动词：manifest（2）看动宾，注意动宾搭配的一致性宾语怎样确定：看宾语是人还是物跟物做宾语的动词：assure，impress.跟人做宾语的动词：ensure.看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词只能跟抽象名词作宾语的动词有：en

6、hance.只能跟具体名词做宾语的动词有：fasten，label，feed.既可以和抽象有可以和具体名词做宾语的动词有tighten.（3）从动词及物或不及物角度做题如果填空处后面没有介词，这些不及物动词可以直接不考虑。如常见的不及物动词有:arrive, come, dispose, cope, speculate, approve.也可以根据填空处后面的介词倒推应该填的不及物动词。如上文中动词的搭配为：arrive at/income todispose ofcope withspeculate onapprove of有时候及物动词和不及物动词的搭配不一样：distinguish A

7、with B (vt)把A与B区别开来，distinguish from AwithB（vi) A和B之间进行区别6名词的五大方法（1）名词作主语时谓语或表语就是信息线索（2）名词作宾语时谓语动词就是线索（3）根据名词前后的介词判定名词（4）根据已有的名词判定名词（5）当名词后面出现定语从句或同位语从句时，从句就是线索。注：名词相关的搭配approach to n. .的方法/途径key to n. 的关键/解答have confidence in/ be confident of在方面自信I have confidence in English.=I am confident of Engl

8、ishspecialist in 在.方面的专家attitude to/toward 对.的态度by contrast 相比之下research into/on, reason for, explanation for7做题顺序，12步法除过特别简单的完形填空，大部分完形填空都需要把文章过两遍的。第一遍：粗读原文，边读边选那些与动词搭配有关，语法有关的可以不依据文章大意直接选的题目，其他的不用管。第二遍：在读完第一遍对文章内容有了大概的了解之后，再读一遍文章，选出剩余需要文义辅助选择的题目。具体做题步骤：第一步：利用红花绿叶原则第二步：使用同义原则第三步：重点逻辑关系题第四步：看文章做好 an

9、d 题，and 前后要么选同义词，要么用句子对应成分分析法做 and 题第五步：做所有的 not 题第六步：做表语题（is，am，are .）第七步：做复现题第八九十十一步：做动词题，名词题，形容词题，副词题第十二步：利用概率原则检查（数出 ABCD，谁最少选谁）8做题方法关键线索定位法句子对应成分分析法时间线索定位法生活常识解题法总分结构解题法9重要语法现象（定语从句）三个引导词，引导定语从句的情况：【1】as1. as ：关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以是单词也可以是句子。*先行词可以是句子也可以是单词的引导词只有两个：as ，which2. as引导的定语从句位置灵活3. 在引导限制性

10、定语从句时，as 只能用在固定搭配中（as.as）在非限制性定语从句中， 用 as 表示主句和从句的顺成或一致关系，用 which 表示主句和从句的对立或否定关系。【2】than1. than做关系代词引导定语从句2. than在后面的句子中做主语3.主句必须有比较级【3】but1. but做关系代词引导定语从句2.主句要用否定式3. but相 当 于not.that或not who完形填空需要熟记的词组习语：big picture整体情况at first 起初；起先on the mind of.心里所想的above all 首先；尤其是so long as只要contrary to.与.相反

11、的as a result结果for example例如even if 即使；尽管rare bird不寻常的人或物，稀有的珍品for instance例如so far迄今by oneself单独地according to根据短语动词：subject to 使经受，服从于，受.管制turn around 使好转；有起色turn out结果是put down to归因于end up.以.告终according to.根据，依据.regardless of.不管.不顾.apart from除.之外instead of.代替 固定搭配：be soft on.对心软或仁慈take sth.into con

12、sideration考虑某事be rooted in.扎根于.keep track of.跟踪，记录feedback on.的反馈in terms of.根据.in turn依次，轮流常见的熟词僻义subject a./v.遭受；n.研究对象 n.主题；主语；科目disposable a.一次性的；a.可处理的average a.普通的；大众的；（average man 普通大众）；a.平均的mean a.平均的（mean value平均值）；v.意味着develop v.患（病）v.发展meet v.满足v.遇见；开会upon/on prep.-.就关于；在.上perform functio

13、ns/play a part in起作用扮演一个角色shape. 对.产生影响；塑造immediate. a.直接的（the immediaterelative/superior上司）a.立刻的。claim v.索赔 v.宣布；声称address v.解决；演讲n.地址accommodate v.适应（adjust to）；容纳companyv.陪伴（in the company of伴随着）；n.公司in perspective 正确地 用透视法的down a.失落的；失望的（let down）ad.下降cry n.口号v.哭draft n.草案；草图；草稿；v.制定side v.支持（si

14、de with）n.边interpretation n.口译；司法解释；n.解释credit v.归功于（credit sth.to sb.）；n.学分；信用a rare bird 一个杰出的人；珍禽career n.成就；n.事业；职业put down to v.归因于；v.放下in question谈论到的value v.重视n.价值share v.具有v.分享picture n.局面；情况 n.照片；图画turn around v.使.好转；v.转身；环顾四周刷题方法处理好真题与模拟题的关系：真题是根本，真题是核心学习过程中应该先做真题，后做模拟题建议：多做阅读理解方面的模拟题，完形填空

15、模拟题意义不大。准备内容：（1）背诵近三年真题（大约240-280词的文章）（2）背诵三年真题中的所有选项，选项基本体现了完形填空考察的范围（大约 700-800词），找出每个单词对错的原因，知道每个单词的用法。（3）把握解题技巧，没有技巧的完形填空是失败的完形填空。（4）背大批量的词组高频词组（5）适当模拟题中考英语完形填空专项练习第一篇阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。Whitney didnt have many friends. She was shy and 1 . She never wanted to be popular, but she d

16、id want to have someone to share 2 and laugh with.Then it was time for her to go to college in another town. And she had to 3 with someone she didnt know. She had no idea whether she could make friends in that new environment.But something happened during the first class. And it 4 Whitneys life. The

17、 teacher asked everyone to 5 a little about themselves. Whitney told everyone where she came from and some simple information. The last 6 for each student was- “What is your goal for this term?” 7 of the students said it was to get good grades, pass the tests or something similar! But Whitney said s

18、omething 8 . She said that her goal was to make just one good friend. When most of the students sat quietly, one student came to Whitney. She reached out her hand and introduced herself. She asked 10 she could be Whitneys friend. Whitney was surprised and happy. She 9 and reached her hand out, too.

19、Their friendship lasted all through the college.1. A. careless B. quiet C. noisy D. weak2. A. marks B. friends C. tests D. secrets3. A. quarrel B. debate C. live D. discuss4. A. changed B. controlled C. destroyed D. blocked5.A. remember B. share C. recite D. write6.A. require B. decision C. competit

20、ion D. question7.A. Most B. Few C. All D. None8. A. interesting B. different C. similar D. strange9.A. how B. why C. whether D. where10.A. smiled B. watched C. rushed D. turned第二篇先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从 A. B. C. D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。It was Christmas Eve, 1881. I was 15 and feeling Iike the world was 1 for m

21、e I didnt have enough money to 2 myself the gift.Dad came back in and there was ice in his beard Youve been by Widow Jensens house recently? he asked. Widow Jensen 3 two miles down the road. Her 4 died a year ago and left her with three children I rode by just today, n Dad continued. Little Jakey wa

22、s out looking for wood. They must be out of 5 , Matt. We filled our sled (雷橇) high 6 wood. Then we went to the store and Dad bought some food, and a smaller pair of shoes. I knew we didnt have much money, so 7 was Dad buying them so many things?We got to the Jensens house We brought you a few things

23、, madam, Dad said Then Dad 8 Widow Jensen the shoes. She bit（咬） her lower lip (嘴唇) to keep it from trembling and then tears filled her eyes and started running down her face.My throat seemed to be filled with something, and there were tears in my eyes too. Just then my dream gift seemed very 9 . Dad

24、 had given me the look on Widow Jensens face and smiles of her 10 children He had given me the best Christmas of my life.1.A out B. off C. over D. away2. A catch B. buy C. choose D. control3. A lived B. took C. spent D. drove4. A father B. friend C. husband D. uncle5. A. money B. ice C. food D. wood

25、6. A in B. with C. of D. on7. A. who B. when C. why D. where8. A handed B. ordered C. picked D. returned9. A beautiful B. great C. impossible D. unimportant10. A two B three C. four D. five第三篇中考英语完形填空分类练习及答案科普环保类All living things on the earth need other living things to live with. Nothing lives 1 .

26、Sometimes one living thing kills 2 . Each kind of life eats another kind of life 3 live, and together they form a food chain(食物链). Some food chains are simple, while others are not. But 4 food chains begin with the sun, and all food chains become 5 if one of the links disappears.All life needs sunli

27、ght to live on. But only plants can use 6 directly(直接地). They make food from sunlight, water, air and so on. Animals can only use the suns energy 7 it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants. Others eat smaller animals. Meat-eating animals are only 8 plants indirec

28、tly. What about human beings? We are members of many food chains. We eat wheat, rice, vegetables, fruit and so on. We also eat meat and drink milk. But 9 often break up the food chains. They kill wild animals. They also make rivers, lakes and seas dirty. When these rivers, lakes and seas are pollute

29、d, the fish in them 10 be eaten. If people eat the fish, they will get strange diseases.Each form of life is linked to all the others. Breaking the links puts all life in danger.1.Aalone Blonely Ctogether Dhappily2.Aother Bthe other Canother Dthe others3.Afor Bso that Cand Din order to4.Aany Ball Cs

30、ome Dmost5.Abetter Bbroken Cstronger Dnicer6.Amoonlight Blaser light Csunlight Dbright light7.Aafter Bbefore Cuntil Dby the time8.Amaking Bcatching Ceating Dfeeding9.Asunlight Banimals Cplants Dpeople10.Acan Bcannot Cmust Dneednt第四篇阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。English names and Chinese n

31、ames are quite different in some _1_ ways, but its not hard for us to know.Unlike Chinese, most English people have _2_ names. One is their family name, both of the other names are given names. Their family name is_3_the given name. They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the _4_ name, but they never use_5_fi

32、rst name. For example, we can_6_ a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, _7_we cant call him Mr James or Mr Allan. People usually use Jim _8_ James. Jim is short for James because its _9_to remember.But Chinese names are the opposite. A girl with the name Han Limei _10_ her family name Han first. Of

33、 course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish.1. A. another B. other C. othersD. the others2. A. one B. two C. threeD. four3. A. above B. front C. backD. behind4. A. last B. given C. middleD. full5. A. their B. them C. itsD. it6. A. ask B. say C. call D. write7. A. so B. or C. and

34、D. but8. A. instead of B. for long C. so farD. next to9. A. importantB. easy C. difficult D. interesting10. A. put B. putting C. puts D. was put 第五篇完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分；共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，使文章完整、通顺。 A doctor came into the hospital in a hurry after being called for an operation

35、(手术). He changed his _1_ quickly and went right to the operation room. After seeing him, the boys father_2_, “Why did you take such long time to come? Dont you know that my _3_ life is in danger?”The doctor smiled and said, “I am sorry, I wasnt in the_4_ and I came as fast as I could after receiving

36、 the call. And now, I wish youd_5_so that I can do my work”. “Calm down?! What if _6_ son was in this room right now, would you calm down?” said the father_7_. The doctor smiled again and came into the operation room without saying_8_.The operation took some_9_ and the doctor went out happily, “Than

37、k goodness! Your son is_10_now!” And without waiting for the fathers reply, he carried on his way running. “_11_ you have any question, ask the nurse!”“Why couldnt he_12_ a moment so that I can ask about my son,” complained the father. The nurse answered_13_tears(眼泪)coming down her face, “His son di

38、ed yesterday in a road accident. He was in the burial(葬礼) when we_14_him. And now he left running to finish his sons burial.”NEVER judge(判断) anyone because you never know_15_ their life is like and what theyre going through.1. A. phones B. bags C. clothes D. books2. A. explained B. continued C. laug

39、hed D. shouted3. A. daughters B. fathers C. sons D. wifes4. A. hospital B. school C. station D. restaurant5.A. keep down B. calm down C. sit down D. write down6. A. his B. your C. my D. her7.A. angrily B. clearly C. happily D. proudly8. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing9. A. hours B.

40、 days C. weeks D. months10 A. asleep B. hurt C. ill D. safe11.A. Before B. If C. Because D. Though12.A. smile B. keep C. sit D. wait13.A. against B. for C. with D. at14.A. emailed B. saw C. found D. called15. A. how B. what C. where D. why第六篇阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。When I was a child, my father had to do three jobs for a family of seven, Every time I saw him come back late, looking tired, I promised myself that someday I would show my 1 to my father for what he had done.Over the