人教版八年级英下册语：易错词和短语&用法总结（附词汇分类和练习详解）.docx

1、人教版八年级英下册语：易错词和短语&用法总结（附词汇分类和练习详解）一、 易混淆的动词、名词、形容词v 动词1. Borrow 与 LendBorrow: I borrowed a pen from my friend because I forgot mine. (我从朋友那里借了一支笔，因为我忘了带。)Lend: Can you lend me your notes for tonights study? (你能把你的笔记借给我今晚学习吗？)2. Cost 与 TakeCost: The book costs 10 dollars. (这本书花费10美元。)Take: It takes m

2、e an hour to finish my homework every day. (我每天花一个小时完成作业。)Listen to 与 Hear3. Listen to: I am listening to the teacher carefully. (我正在认真听老师讲课。)Hear: I heard a loud noise outside. (我听到外面有很大的噪音。)4. Look 与 SeeLook: Look at the beautiful sunset! (看美丽的日落！)See: I see a bird flying in the sky. (我看到一只鸟在天上飞。)

3、5. Speak 与 TalkSpeak: She can speak three languages fluently. (她能流利地说三种语言。)Talk: They are talking about their plans for the weekend. (他们正在谈论周末的计划。)6. Join 与 Take part inJoin: He joined the football club last year. (他去年加入了足球俱乐部。)Take part in: She always takes part in school activities. (她总是参加学校的活动。)7

4、. Find 与 DiscoverFind: I found my lost keys under the sofa. (我在沙发下找到了丢失的钥匙。)Discover: Scientists discovered a new planet. (科学家发现了一颗新行星。)8. Hope 与 WishHope: I hope to see you again soon. (我希望不久能再见到你。)Wish: I wish you a happy birthday. (祝你生日快乐。)9. Forget 与 LeaveForget: I always forget to bring my umbr

5、ella on rainy days. (我总是在雨天忘记带伞。)Leave: I left my book at home. (我把书落在家里了。)10. Arrive 与 ReachArrive: We arrived at the airport two hours before the flight. (我们在航班起飞前两小时到达机场。)Reach: They reached the top of the mountain after a long hike. (经过长途徒步，他们到了山顶。)请注意，对于“Arrive”与“Reach”，上述“Reach”的例句实际上更常用“arriv

6、e”来表达，因为“reach”后通常直接跟地点名词，而“arrive”后则需要加介词。一个更恰当的“Reach”的例句可能是：They reached the destination at noon. (他们中午到达了目的地。)11. Put on 与 DressPut on: Please put on your coat, its cold outside. (请穿上外套，外面很冷。)Dress: She dresses her doll in beautiful clothes every day. (她每天给她的洋娃娃穿漂亮的衣服。)12. Teach 与 LearnTeach: Mr

7、. Smith teaches math at our school. (史密斯先生在我们学校教数学。)Learn: Children learn to read and write at school. (孩子们在学校学习读写。)13. Begin 与 StartBegin: The movie will begin at 7:30 pm. (电影将于晚上7:30开始。)Start: Lets start our project next week. (让我们下周开始我们的项目。)14. Bring 与 TakeBring: Please bring your homework to cla

8、ss tomorrow. (请明天把作业带到课堂上。)Take: I will take this book to the library later. (我稍后会把这本书带到图书馆。)15. Open 与 Turn onOpen: Please open the door for me. (请为我开门。)Turn on: Can you turn on the lights, please? Its dark in here. (请你能开灯吗？这里很黑。)16. Close 与 Turn offClose: Please close the window, its cold. (请关上窗户，

9、很冷。)Turn off: Dont forget to turn off the TV when you leave. (你离开时别忘了关电视。)17. Happen 与 Take placeHappen: Accidents often happen when people are not careful. (人们不小心时，事故经常发生。)Take place: The concert will take place next Saturday. (音乐会将于下周六举行。)18. Agree with sb 与 Agree to sthAgree with sb: I agree with

10、 you on this point. (在这一点上我同意你的看法。)Agree to sth: They agreed to the terms of the contract. (他们同意了合同的条款。)19. Look for 与 Find outLook for: I am looking for my lost keys. (我正在寻找我丢失的钥匙。)Find out: I will find out the truth behind this matter. (我会查出这件事背后的真相。)20. Get up 与 Stand upGet up: I usually get up a

11、t 7 oclock in the morning. (我通常早上7点起床。)Stand up: Please stand up when the teacher enters the classroom. (当老师进教室时，请站起。)v 名词1. Advice 与 SuggestionAdvice (不可数): I need some advice on how to improve my English. (我需要一些关于如何提高英语的建议。)Suggestion (可数): She gave me a helpful suggestion about studying abroad. (

12、她给了我一个关于出国留学的有益建议。)2. Job 与 WorkJob (可数, 指具体职位): He just got a new job as a teacher. (他刚刚得到了一份新工作，当老师。)Work (不可数, 指抽象的工作或活动): I have a lot of work to do today. (我今天有很多工作做。)3. Mistake 与 FaultMistake (无意中的错误): Everyone makes mistakes, its how you learn. (每个人都会犯错，重要的是你如何从中学习。)Fault (缺点或责任上的错误): Its not

13、 entirely your fault, but you should have been more careful. (这不完全是你的错，但你应该更小心。)4. Problem 与 QuestionProblem (需要解决或处理的问题): Solving this math problem is challenging. (解决这个数学问题很有挑战性。)Question (询问或疑问): I have a question about the homework assignment. (我关于作业有个问题。)5. Voice 与 SoundVoice (人的嗓音或动物的叫声): Her

14、singing voice is beautiful. (她的歌声很美。)Sound (一切可以听到的声音): I heard a strange sound coming from the attic. (我听到阁楼传来奇怪的声音。)6. Wish 与 HopeWish (渴望或愿望, 常用于虚拟语气): I wish I could travel the world. (我希望我能环游世界。)Hope (希望, 期望): I hope to see you again soon. (我希望不久能再见到你。)注意：这里“Wish”与“Hope”是动词，但也可以作为名词使用，表示“愿望”和“希

15、望”。7. News 与 MessageNews (新闻或消息): I heard some exciting news on the radio this morning. (今天早上我在收音机里听到了一些令人兴奋的新闻。)Message (口信、信息或留言): Can you pass along this message to John? (你能把这个口信传给约翰吗？)8. Interest (兴趣) 与 Hobby (爱好)Interest: He has a special interest in astronomy. (他对天文学有特殊的兴趣。)Hobby: Her favorit

16、e hobby is painting landscapes. (她最喜欢的爱好是画风景画。)9. Journey 与 TripJourney (长途旅行): The journey across the country was tiring but worth it. (横跨全国的旅行很累，但很值得。)Trip (短途旅行): Were planning a weekend trip to the beach. (我们计划周末去海滩旅行。)10. Weather 与 ClimateWeather (短期的天气状况): Whats the weather like today? (今天天气怎么

17、样？)Climate (长期的气候特征): The climate in this region is very dry. (这个地区的气候非常干燥。)11. Meeting 与 ConferenceMeeting (会议, 集会): We have a team meeting every Monday. (我们每周一都有团队会议。)Conference (大型会议或研讨会): She attended an international conference on global warming. (她参加了一个关于全球变暖的国际会议。)12. Price 与 CostPrice (商品或服务

18、的标价): Whats the price of this book? (这本书的价格是多少？)Cost (某物的价值或所需付出的代价): The cost of living in this city is very high. (在这个城市生活的成本很高。)13. Rule 与 LawRule (规则或规章): You must obey the rules of the school. (你必须遵守学校的规则。)Law (法律): Breaking the law can lead to serious consequences. (违法会导致严重后果。)14. Date 与 DayDa

19、te (具体的日期): Whats the date today? (今天是几号？)Day (一天的时间或泛指日子): I had a busy day at work. (我工作了一整天，很忙。)15. Experience (经验) 与 Adventure (冒险)Experience: She has a lot of experience teaching young children. (她在教小孩子方面很有经验。)Adventure: Going on a safari was a thrilling adventure. (去狩猎旅行是一次激动人心的冒险。)16. Advanta

20、ge 与 BenefitAdvantage (优势或有利条件): The new technology gives us a competitive advantage. (新技术给了我们竞争优势。)Benefit (好处或益处): Regular exercise has many benefits for your health. (有规律的锻炼对你的健康有很多好处。)17. Purpose 与 AimPurpose (目的或意图): What is the purpose of this meeting? (这次会议的目的是什么？)Aim (目标或瞄准): Our main aim is

21、 to increase sales by 10% this year. (我们的主要目标是今年增加10%的销售额。)18. Difference 与 DistinctionDifference (差异或不同): There is a big difference between these two houses. (这两所房子之间有很大的差异。)Distinction (区别或优异): She received a high distinction for her performance in the competition. (她在比赛中表现出色，获得了高度评价。)19. Choice 与

22、 DecisionChoice (选择): You have the choice to stay or leave. (你有留下或离开的选择。)Decision (决定): It was a difficult decision to make. (这是一个艰难的决定。)20. Opinion 与 ViewOpinion (意见或看法): Whats your opinion on this matter? (你对这件事有什么看法？)View (观点或见解): From my point of view, this is the best solution. (从我的观点来看，这是最好的解决

23、方案。)v 形容词1. Bored 与 BoringBored (感到无聊的): I was so bored during the long lecture. (在长篇演讲中我感到很无聊。)Boring (令人无聊的): The movie was really boring, I fell asleep halfway through. (这部电影真的很无聊，我中途就睡着了。)2. Alone 与 LonelyAlone (独自一人的): She likes to spend time alone with her thoughts. (她喜欢独自一人思考。)Lonely (孤独的，寂寞的

24、): I felt very lonely when I first moved to this city. (当我刚搬到这个城市时，我感到非常孤独。)3. Real 与 TrueReal (真实的，实际的): This is a real diamond, not a fake one. (这是一颗真正的钻石，不是假的。)True (真实的，正确的): It is a true fact that the Earth is round. (地球是圆的，这是一个真实的事实。)4. Hard 与 DifficultHard (硬的，困难的): This math problem is very

25、hard to solve. (这道数学题很难解。)Difficult (困难的): Learning a new language can be difficult at first. (学习一门新语言一开始可能很困难。)5. Worth 与 WorthyWorth (值得的): The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)Worthy (有价值的，值得的): She is a very worthy candidate for the award. (她是非常值得获得这个奖项的候选人。)6. Afraid 与 ScaredAfraid (害怕的，担心的): I

26、 am afraid of heights. (我恐高。)Scared (受惊吓的): The child was scared by the loud noise. (孩子被巨大的噪音吓到了。)7. Angry 与 AnnoyedAngry (生气的): He was very angry when he heard the news. (他听到这个消息时非常生气。)Annoyed (恼怒的): I was annoyed by the constant noise from the neighbors. (邻居持续不断的噪音让我感到恼怒。)8. Certain 与 SureCertain

27、(确定的，肯定的): I am certain that he will win the election. (我确定他会赢得选举。)Sure (确信的，有把握的): Are you sure you want to quit your job? (你确定你想辞职吗？)9. Clear 与 ObviousClear (清晰的，明确的): The instructions were not clear enough for me to understand. (说明不够清晰，我无法理解。)Obvious (明显的，显而易见的): It was obvious that he had been l

28、ying. (很明显他在撒谎。)10. Common 与 OrdinaryCommon (普通的，常见的): It is a common mistake to forget your umbrella on a rainy day. (雨天忘记带伞是一个常见的错误。)Ordinary (平凡的，普通的): She is an ordinary girl with no special talents. (她是一个平凡的女孩，没有什么特别的天赋。)11. Dangerous 与 RiskyDangerous (危险的): It is dangerous to cross the road wi

29、thout looking. (不看路就过马路是危险的。)Risky (有风险的): Starting a new business can be very risky. (创业可能非常有风险。)12. Delighted 与 PleasedDelighted (高兴的，欣喜的): I was delighted to receive your invitation. (我很高兴收到你的邀请。)Pleased (满意的，高兴的): She was pleased with her performance in the exam. (她对自己的考试成绩感到满意。)13. Disappointed

30、 与 UpsetDisappointed (失望的): I was very disappointed when I didnt get the job. (当我没有得到那份工作时，我感到非常失望。)Upset (心烦的，难过的): She was upset about the argument with her friend. (她和朋友吵架后感到心烦。)14. Embarrassed 与 AshamedEmbarrassed (尴尬的): I felt embarrassed when I realized I had forgotten my wallet. (当我意识到我忘记带钱包时

31、，我感到很尴尬。)Ashamed (羞愧的): He should be ashamed of his behavior. (他应该为自己的行为感到羞愧。)15. Excited 与 ThrilledExcited (兴奋的): The children were excited about going to the zoo. (孩子们对于去动物园感到兴奋。)Thrilled (非常兴奋的，激动的): She was thrilled to meet her favorite movie star. (她见到她最喜欢的电影明星时非常激动。)16. Famous 与 PopularFamous

32、(著名的): Paris is a famous city for its museums and landmarks. (巴黎以其博物馆和地标而闻名。)Popular (受欢迎的): This song is very popular among teenagers. (这首歌在青少年中非常受欢迎。)17. Friendly 与 KindFriendly (友好的): The locals were very friendly and helpful. (当地人非常友好且乐于助人。)Kind (善良的): She has a very kind heart and always helps

33、those in need. (她非常善良，总是帮助那些需要帮助的人。)18. Lucky 与 FortunateLucky (幸运的): He was very lucky to win the lottery. (他中彩票了，非常幸运。)Fortunate (幸运的，侥幸的): We were fortunate enough to find a parking space near the stadium. (我们很幸运地在体育场附近找到了一个停车位。)二、 练习完形填空1. The _ (quiet / quite) of the night was broken by the sud

34、den barking of a dog.2. After a long journey, they finally arrived at their _ (destination / destinations).3. She couldnt decide _ (between / among) the two dresses; they both looked equally beautiful.4. He _ (realized / realised) his mistake only after the teacher pointed it out.5. Its important to

35、 make a _ (decision / decide) quickly when faced with an emergency.1. quiet解析：quiet是形容词，意为“安静的”，符合句意。quite是副词，意为“相当”，不符合句意。句子的意思是“夜晚的宁静被狗的突然叫声打破了”。2. destination解析：destination是名词，意为“目的地”。destinations是所有格形式，但句中不需要所有格。句子的意思是“经过长途旅行后，他们终于到达了目的地”。3. between解析：between用于两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上。句中提到的是“两件裙子”，所以

36、用between。句子的意思是“她无法决定买哪件裙子，它们看起来都一样漂亮”。4.realised解析：realised是realize的过去式和英式拼写，意为“意识到”。句子的意思是“直到老师指出错误后，他才意识到自己的错误”。（注意：realized是美式拼写，也是正确的，但根据教材可能更偏向英式拼写。）5. decision解析：decision是名词，意为“决定”。英文单词“decide”是动词，意为“决定”，但阅读理解It was a beautiful day, and the sun was shining brightly. John and his family decide

37、d to go for a picnic. They packed some food, drinks, and a blanket to sit on.When they arrived at the park, they found a nice spot under a tree. After setting up their picnic, they began to eat. The food was delicious, and the atmosphere was relaxed.Suddenly, a strong wind blew, and their blanket fl

38、ew away. John quickly ran after it, but it landed in a nearby lake. John didnt want to get his clothes wet, so he decided not to retrieve the blanket.Luckily, they had brought an extra blanket, so they continued to enjoy their picnic. Later, when they were packing up to leave, they noticed a family

39、nearby who had lost their blanket in the same way. Johns family decided to give them their extra blanket.1. What did John and his family decide to do on such a beautiful day?A. Go shopping.B. Visit a museum.C. Have a picnic.D. Go for a swim.2. Why didnt John retrieve the blanket from the lake?A. Bec

40、ause he couldnt swim.B. Because he didnt want to get his clothes wet.C. Because the blanket was old and dirty.D. Because he had an extra blanket.3. What did Johns family do with their extra blanket?A. They kept it for themselves.B. They threw it away.C. They sold it to the other family.D. They gave it to the other family.1. C解析：根据文章第一段的描述，John和他的家人决定在这样一个美丽的日子里去野餐。因此，正确答案是C。2. B解析：文章第三段明确提到，John不想弄湿衣服，所以他决定不去捞回毯子。因此，正确答案是B。3. D解析：根据文章最后一段的描述，John的家人决定把多余的毯子送给附近也丢了毯子的那家人。因此，正确答案是D。第 14 页 共 14 页