Unit 5 Revealing Nature Starting out & Understanding ideas （ppt课件）--2024新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 5Period 1 Starting out&Understanding ideas课 堂 学 习Look at the page from a science magazine and answer the questions.1 What do you know about these animals?What makes them special?2 What other similar animals do you know about?Share your knowledge with the class.They are all species that exist th

2、ousands of years on earth.They are old and rare(unusual).1Starting out Watch the video and answer the questions.21 How can seeds travel?How can this benefit plants?2 Can you think of another example of seeds travelling?Share it with the class.1 How can seeds travel?How can this benefit plants?2 Can

3、you think of another example of seeds travelling?Share it with the class.Seeds usually are carried by the wind,water,and animals.Plants can have a better chance at life.1 What species do you recognise in the picture?2 What factors can cause the process of evolution?Paramecium,earthworm,snail,crab,fi

4、sh,tortoise,bird,horse,human,frog,alga,moss,fern.The ever-changing environment of nature,environmental changes,population immigration,genetic mutation,cultural preferences.1Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.Understanding ideas evolutionary tree2Predict the main idea of the text

5、according to the picture and the title.A Journey of Discovery PredictingA Journey of DiscoveryThe captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.The person who answered the call was not the captains first choice.It wa

6、s a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.Whats more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.Despite all this,his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific

7、 discoveries of all time.The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.He left England on the ship the Beagle,in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent s

8、ome time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.As he studied these,he asked himself the question:how did different species come to exist?At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had no

9、t changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?It was just an idea,but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.When the Beagle reached the Ga

10、lpagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.Darwin s

11、uspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time,it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist:they evolved from earlier ancestors.It was a completel

12、y new idea-a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book,On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwins scie

13、ntific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.Today,On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.Read the passage and t

14、alk about your understanding of the title.Most commonly,people believe that a journey means a trip from one place to another,especially over a long distance and literarily a journey refers to the process by which something gradually changes and develops.The title may indicate that Darwins research w

15、ork leading to his discovery of evolution and the origin of species took quite a long time and great efforts,determination and courage to achieve.SkimmingChoose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons.1.Darwins interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.2.Darwins journe

16、y on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.3.Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.ScanningPara.1 A.Develop ideas.Para.2 B.Propose a theory.Para.3 C.On his journey.Para.4 D.Answered the call of the captain.Para.5 E.Generate ideas.Para.6 F.The greatnes

17、s of his book.Para.7 G.Look for more evidence.Match each paragraph with its main idea.Careful readingNumber the puzzle pieces in order.Organise information from the passage and complete them.14235On his journey Darwin studied _.He noticed that some species of animals were _.General ideasDarwin asked

18、 the questions:How did different species _?_?Look for more evidenceOn the Galpagos Island:He noticed _.It seemed the beaks _.various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collectedvery similar to each othercome to existMaybe animals evolved as they

19、adapted to their changing environments that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands had evolved according to what food was available on that particular islandDevelop ideas Darwin suspected that the finches _and it had _.Propose a theory The Theory of Evolution:living things

20、,including humans,_.had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time beforeslowly evolved into many new specieshad evolved from lower forms of lifeNow discuss why Darwin did not publish his Theory of Evolution until 1859,about twenty years after his discovery.Do furthe

21、r research if necessary.1 Why were many people“shocked”by Darwins theory?2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage?3 How do you think the human species will evolve in the future?4 What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration?How can this spirit help you in your lif

22、e and studies?Think&Share2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage?Darwin was a determined man.He had strong curiosity and interest in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.3 How do you think the human species will evolve in the future?1 Why were many people“shocked

23、”by Darwins theory?At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since,but Darwins theory proposed that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life,which,as a result,shocked many people.4 What have you learnt about th

24、e spirit of scientific exploration?How can this spirit help you in your life and studies?1.The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。dates back to=date from“追溯到；始于”，为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。e.g.The tradition dates back to the 15th cen

25、tury.这一传统可追溯到15世纪。The custom of preserving a dead body as a mummy dates from ancient Egypt.把尸体作为木乃伊保存起来的风格始于古埃及。Language points 拓展：out of date 过时的；缺乏新信息的；陈腐的 up to date 最新的；时髦的；拥有(或包含)最新信息的e.g.The dictionary is out of date:many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本字典过时了：自从它

26、出版以来语言中又增加了许多词汇。Some of the older members of the profession are not up to date in their knowledge and methods.从事这个职业的年纪较大的成员中有一些人的知识和工作方法 已赶不上目前的情况。2.The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能

27、“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的 国家并从中受益”。(1)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。(2)profit vi.&vt.获益，得到好处，对有用(或有益)n.C，U 利润，收益，赢利 profit from/by.因而获利/受益 profit sb.使某人获益 a rise/an increase in profits 收益的上升/增长 a drop/fall in profits 收益的跌落/下降 make a profit 赚取利润Two quarrel and a third profits by it.谚鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。Many local people believe

28、 the development will profit them.当地的许多人认为，这项开发将对他们有利。Because of the recent economic crisis,investors suffer a huge drop in profits.因为最近的经济危机，投资者的收益大减。It will make the cinema owners happy if more people go to the movies as they will make a bigger profit.如果更多的人去看电影，电影院的老板会很高兴，因为他们 就会赚更多的钱。(3)distant

29、adj.遥远的，久远的；冷淡的，疏远的；远房的，远亲的 The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.只是在一次家庭谈话后，我才发现她实际上是我的远房表亲。拓展：distance n.C，U 距

30、离；U(时间的)久远，(空间的)遥远；U，C疏远 in the distance 在远处 from a distance 从远处 at/from a distance of.在/从远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)The picture looks beautiful at a distance.那幅画远看很美。Farther in the distance,I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.往远处看，我可以欣赏白雪皑皑的群山。distantly adv.遥远地；模糊地3.The person who answered the call was n

31、ot the captains first choice.响应号召的人不是船长的首选。(1)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。(2)answer the call 响应号召 e.g.I want to answer the call of nature.我想响应大自然的号召。4.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.那是一个没有完成学位就离开医学院的年轻人。强调句型，其结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.it没有字面意思；that/who只起

32、到连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略；不管强调哪种句子成分，也不管是被强调的是人 还是事/物，都可以用that；如果被强调的是人，既可以用that，也可以用who。辨别强调句型：先去掉It is/was.that/who.，如果去掉这两个部分后句子的意思仍然完整，那么这个句子就是 强调句型；如果去掉这两个部分后句子的意思变得不完整的话，这个句子可能就是其他类型句型。5.Whats more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself an

33、d all your family”.并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的 耻辱”。(1)句中的predicting.是现在分词作定语，修饰a letter。(2)predict vt.预言；预告；预报 predict+that/wh-从句.预言 It is predicted that.据预测/据预报 (It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语)Its difficult to predict who will win because two sides are competitive.难以预料谁会赢，因为双方都有竞争力。It is predicted that

34、the weather will get better tomorrow.据预报，明天天气会变好。prediction n.预言，预测predictable adj.可预见的，可预料的unpredictable adj.不可预料的disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱 v.丢脸；使蒙羞be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事in disgrace 为人所不齿；失宠disgrace oneself 使某人自己丢脸/蒙羞disgraceful adj.不名誉的，可耻的grace n.优雅，高雅辨析辨析disgraced和shamedisgrace指某人因某种不光彩行为而使名誉受损或蒙受耻辱sham

35、e使用范围较广。指某人因犯罪、做坏事或无能等引起心理上的惭愧或羞耻。shame的耻辱程度比disgrace更深。6.Despite all this,his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的 一项科学发现。lead to 引起，导致；通向 e.g.Excuse me,does this road lead to the railway station?请问，这条路通向火车站吗？知

36、识拓展 lead sb.to do sth.使某人做 lead sb.to.使某人得出 lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 in the lead 领先，处于首位of all time意为“有史以来，历史上”，常与形容词最高级连用。e.g.He is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all time.世界公认他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。拓展：all the time 一直，始终 in time 及时 on time 准时 at times 有时 at one time 曾经 at

37、a time 每次 in no time 立刻，马上 at no time 决不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）7.The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯达尔文，他 对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。in question 讨论中的；考虑中的 e.g.One post said:I hope the people in question are well.一个帖子说：“我希

38、望我们在谈论着的人会没事。”拓展：beyond question 不容置疑 out of question 毫无疑问，没有问题 out of the question 不可能；不允许；不值得讨论8.After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。(1)be crowded with 拥塞；挤满；充满 e.g.

39、The hall was crowded with his devoted fans.大厅里挤满了他的忠实粉丝。拓展：crowd in(on sb.)（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海 crowd into ones mind 涌入某人的脑海 crowd in/into(sth.)大批地涌入（某物）crowd around 聚集在周围；聚拢 crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满的；充满的 a crowd of(crowds of)一群（成群）(2)he has collected是定语从句，修饰samples of the plants and animals9.As he studied t

40、hese,he asked himself the question:how did different species come to exist?当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候；随着”。as作连词时，有以下用法：(1)意为“当时候；一边一边；随着”时，引导时间状语从句。(2)意为“按照的方式（办法）；如同”时，引导方式状语从句。(3)意为“因为；既然”时，引导原因状语从句。(4)意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句。(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as.as.句型，意为“像一样 （第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词）”10.

41、He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.他注意到有些种类的动物彼此非常相似。that引导宾语从句。11.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？(1)as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。(2)adapt to 适应，适合 e.g.We must adapt to a changing world.我们必须适应不断变化的世界。拓展 adapt.to.使

42、适应或适合 adapt.from.根据改编或改写 adapt.for.改编或改作之用 adaptable adj.能适应的，适应性强的 adaptation n.改编（本），改造；适应12.It was just an idea,but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.它只是一个想法，但是足以鼓舞达尔文去寻找更多证据。inspire vt.(1)鼓励，激励，后接“人”作宾语；(2)启发思考，赋予灵感 inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人去做某事 e.g.Her trust in me inspired me t

43、o do what I had thought was impossible.她对我的信任激励着我去做本以为不可能的事。拓展：inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的 inspired adj.受到鼓舞的 inspiration n.灵感；启发灵感的人13.When the Beagle reached the Galpagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.1835年，当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文

44、看到了各种 各样的新物种，但最让他感兴趣的是鸟类。该句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，but连接并列句，but 后面是一个强调句，强调the birds。14.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.达尔文注意到，每个岛屿上的雀类都是不同的。that引导宾语从句。15.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular islan

45、d.它们的喙似乎已经根据在那个特别的岛上可获得的食物进化了。(1)此句中seemed后边省略了that，It seems(that).“看起来（好像），似乎”，该句型可以转换成sb./sth.seems to do.(2)what引导宾语从句，做介词to的宾语。16.Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。(1)

46、that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a common ancestor (2)suspect v.猜想，怀疑 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 suspect that.怀疑 suspect sb.to be 猜想/怀疑某人是 suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做某事 suspected adj.疑似的17.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起了轰动。(1)until用在肯定句中，谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如：stand,st

47、ay,take,wait等，表示主句动作终止的时间。(2)如果用在否定句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬间性动词也可以是 延续性动词，强调主句动作开始的时间。(3)当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词十（主句）主语十谓语十其他。(4)not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+其他。18.Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of lif

48、e.许多人不相信生物，包括人类，是从低等生物进化而来的。that引导宾语从句。19.But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来 越多的人开始相信他的理论。(1)本句中的“so.that.”意为“如此以至于”。that在此引导结果状语从句。(2)convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convince vt.使确信；使信服；说服 convince sb.of sth.

49、/convince sb.that.使某人相信某事 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 convinced adj.坚信不疑的，确信的 be convinced of/that.深信不疑；确信；坚信课堂总结课堂总结Retelling A Journey of DiscoveryPara.1 Answered the call of the captain.Para.2 On his journey.Para.3 Generate ideas.Para.4 Look for more evidence.Para.5 Develop ideas.Para.6 Propose a theory.Para.7 The greatness of his book.