Unit 2 Be Sporty,Be Healthy Grammar and usage 时态语态（ppt课件）-2024新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、时态时态语态语态谓动时态16种语态过去现在将来过去将来主动被动Once upon a time,there was an island.The three things that people there liked to do is.EatingSleepingBeating Doudou遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。的。Doudou is always beaten by someone

2、.always昨天晚上昨天晚上，夜黑风高，它又被打了。，夜黑风高，它又被打了。Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.Yesterday evening明天，豆豆还会面临暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。明天，豆豆还会面临暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。Doudou will be beaten tomorrow evening.tomorrow evening可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。没有改变。Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years.for many years我们亲爱的豆

3、豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打在被打。Our dear Doudou is being beaten now.now随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime.What are common of these sentences?1.He is always beaten by someone.2.He was beaten by someone yesterday evening.3.He will be beaten by someone tomo

4、rrow evening.4.He has been beaten for many years.5.He is being beaten now.They are all passive voice.语态：语态：这个语法范畴关注的点在于动词的主语是否是动作发出者：发出动作的人或物作主语，就叫主动语态。接受动作的人或物作主语，就叫被动语态。主动语态：We clean our classroom every day.被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.被动语态基本构成：be+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）。其中be为助动词，有人称

5、、数和时态的变化。如果使用情态动词，则是情情态动词态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）动作执行者）。Our school was built in 1961.This must be done as soon as possible.语态（语态（voice）主动与被动主动与被动m They plant trees in spring.主动语态m Trees are planted in spring.被动语态根据主语与谓语动词之间的关系主语是动作的执行者执行者主动语态被动语态主语是动作的承受者承受者主动变被动宾变主，主变宾。时态不变，谓语变成be加done。

6、人称与数要注意，其余照抄就可以Many people speak Chinese.(主动)Chinese is spoken by many people.（被动语态）Many students play football on the playground every day.Football is played by many students on the playground every day.Marry drew a picture.The picture was drawn by Marry.My uncle brought me up.I was brought up by m

7、y uncle.The farmers grow cotton every year.Cotton is grown by the farmers every year.被动语态的句型被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词过去分词(+by.)English is spoken everywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句被动语态的句型被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词过去分词(+by.)English is spoken everywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by)English isn t spoken

8、 by people here.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句特殊疑问句被动语态的句型被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词过去分词(+by.)English is spoken everywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by)English isn t spoken by people here.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词(+by.)?Was Tom asked to come early?汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes,he was.是的，他被要求了。/No,he wasn t.不，他没有。特殊疑问句被动语态的句型被动语态的句

9、型句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词过去分词(+by.)English is spoken everywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by)English isn t spoken by people here.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词(+by.)?Was Tom asked to come early?汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes,he was.是的，他被要求了。/No,he wasn t.不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the g

10、overnment?政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?写出下列单词的写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词过去式和过去分词1.ask look 2.close liketie_4.plan slim 3.worrymarry asked askedlooked lookedclosed closedliked likedplanned plannedtied tiedworried worriedmarried married5.put begin slimmed slimmedput putbegan begun动词过去式动词过去式/过去分词过去分词规则变化规则变化1.直接在结尾+edwork-worked

11、want-wanted look-looked 2.以不发音的“e”结尾的，直接加d”live-lived taste-tasted love-loved3.以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音的单词，即“辅元辅”，应双写最后的辅音后加edstop-stopped chat-chatted4.辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加edcarry-carried study-studied 时时态态tense时时:相对于说话人说话的相对于说话人说话的时间时间，就是动词的，就是动词的“时时”。态态:用来表达事件在时间上的用来表达事件在时间上的形态形态。一般一般完成完成进行进行完成进行完成进行现在一

12、般现在时do does;am,is,are现在完成时have/has done现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去一般过去时did;was,were过去完成时had done过去进行时was/were doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来一般将来时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将

13、来完成进行时would have been doing1.一般现在时一般现在时It seldom snows here.写出下列写出下列动词动词的的第三人称单数第三人称单数1.ask look like2.guess mix teachwashgodo3.worrymarry askslookslikesguessesworriesmarries4.be_have-mixesis/washasteacheswashesgoesdoes动词第三人称单数动词第三人称单数规则变化规则变化1.在词尾加sstay-stays love-loves 2.以-s.-x.-ch,-sh,-o结尾的单词：在词尾

14、加espass-passes fix-fixes watch-watcheswash-washes go-goes do-does3.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词：改y为i加escarry-carries study-studies4.特殊情况：have-has be-is1.在词尾加sorange-oranges bike-bikes2.以-s.-x.-ch,-sh结尾的单词：在词尾加esclass-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes3.以o结尾的部分单词：加esnegro-negroes黑人 heroheroes英雄tomato-tomato

15、es potato-potatoes4.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词：改y为i加esbaby-babies study-studies5.以f或fe结尾的单词：改f或fe为v加esknife-knives leaf-leaves可数可数名词名词单数变单数变复数复数The boy reads the book every day.The book is read by the boy every day.一般现在时一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者1.He _(be)always ready to help others.2.We _(have)meals three

16、 times a day.3.The flight _(take)off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.4.Paper _(make)from wood.5.The flowers _(water)by Mary every day.ishavetakesis madeare watered1.一般现在时一般现在时It seldom snows here.by+动作执行者动作执行者2.一般过去时一般过去时I finished my homework yesterday.My homework is finished by me yesterday.一般过

17、去时一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者1.We often _(play)together when we _(be)children.2.Jim _(go)home at 6 oclock yeasterday.3.We _(meet)her in the street the day before yesterday.4.The table _(clean)just now.5.The library _(build)in 2000.playedwentmetwas cleanedwas builtwere2.一般过去时一般过去时3.一般一般将来将来时时Th

18、ey will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.一般将来时一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者Our school is going to hold a meeting tonight.A meeting is going to be held by our school tonight.一般将来时一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者1.I _(be going to,buy)some books tomorrow.2.These cars _(s

19、end)abroad by sea next month.3.We _(pinish)if we break the rule.4.The sports meeting _(not,hold)next Monday.5.When _ your homework _(finish)?-Tonight.am going to buyshall/will be punishedwont be heldwillbe finishedwill be sent3.一般一般将来将来时时1.The TV _(turn off)just now.2.Your homework should _(finish)b

20、y yourself.3.The classroom _(cleaned)by us every day.4.A talk on Chinese history _(give)tomorrow.5.It _(be)sunny next Monday.was turned offis cleaned will be givenwill bebe finished用括号里的单词的正确形式填空1.一般现在时一般现在时 现在现在的重复、经常、习惯、真理的重复、经常、习惯、真理过去的过去的动作、经常、重复、习惯动作、经常、重复、习惯 2.一般过去时一般过去时3.一般一般将来将来时时将来的将来的动作、经常

21、动作、经常4.现在进行现在进行时时写出下列单词的写出下列单词的过去分词过去分词和和现在分词现在分词1.ask look 2.close like4.plan slim 3.worrymarry asked askinglooked lookingclosed closingliked likingplanned planningworried worryingmarried marrying5.tie_die-slimmed slimmingtied tyingdied dying动词过去式动词过去式/过去分词过去分词规则变化规则变化现在现在分词分词规则变化规则变化1.直接在结尾+edwork

22、-worked want-wanted look-looked1.直接在结尾+ingwork-working want-wanting 2.以不发音的“e”结尾的，直接加d”live-lived taste-tasted love-loved3.以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音的单词，即“辅元辅”，应双写最后的辅音后加edstop-stopped chat-chatted4.辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加edcarry-carried study-studied 2.以不发音的“e”结尾的，直接加ing”live-living taste-tasting love-loving3.

23、以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音的单词，即“辅元辅”，应双写最后的辅音后加ed。stop-stopping chat-chatting4.ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加inglie-lying die-dying tie-tying She is watering the flowers.The flowers are being watered by her.现在进行时现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者1.It is reported that the water in the lake _(not,protect)now.2.Listen!They _

24、(talk)about their visiting the Great Wall.3.The car _(repair)at present.4.Look!Some trees _(cut down)in the park.5.Mother _(prepare)supper in the kitchen now.is not being protectedis being repairedare being cut downis preparingare talking用进行时态填空要点：现在进行时的要点：现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项被动语态的注意事项1.不可遗漏不可遗漏 being。现在

25、进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作说话时正在进行的被动动作,如果我们把 being 漏掉,即成为一般现在时的被动语态。Look!The children are being taken care of by their aunt.Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。（一般现在时的被动语态）2.现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为 be+介词介词(under/in 等等)+名名词词结构。The problem is under discussion(=is being discussed)at the meet

26、ing.会上正在讨论这个问题。4.现在进行现在进行时时5.现在完成时The boy has finished the work.The work has been finished by the boy.现在完成时现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态by+动作执行者动作执行者1.The countryside _(_(changechange)a lot in the past few years.2.Financial problems of the company _(_(discussdiscuss)for nearly two hour1.How long _ this film

27、_(_(showshow)?-About 1 hour.1._ the date for the next meeting _(_(decidedecide)?-No,it hasnt.3.This is the first time Tom _(_(inviteinvite)to perform on the stage.has changedhas been showed Has been decidedhas been invitedhave been discussed用完成时态填空5.现在完成时1.Lots of new houses _(build)in the area now.

28、2.He is always _(praise)by the teacher.3.The room _ already _(clean).4.We _(build)many houses in the past ten years.Many houses _(build)in the past ten years.1.We _ already_(give)him the book.He _(give)the book.The book _(give)to him.are being builthas been cleaned have builtbeing praised用进行时和完成时填空h

29、ave been builthave givenhas been givenhas been given4.现在现在进行进行时时5.现在完成时各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原动词原形形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过

30、去分词过去分词5现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词书书64页页Rewrite the following sentences using the pas

31、sive voice.1.The city government is building a new community sports centre.A new community sports centre is being built(by the city government).2.Some workers are painting the walls in the workout rooms.The walls in the workout rooms are being painted(by some workers).3.People have told me the new w

32、orkout rooms are very modern.I have been told that the new workout rooms are very modern.书书21页页Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.书书21页页4.Jennys PE teacher has asked her to make an exercise plan.Jenny has been asked to make an exercise plan(by her PE teacher).5.The teachers are testing students on their knowledge of fitness.Students are being tested on their knowledge of fitness(by the teachers).are being madehave been putare being testedhave been designedhas been builtThanks