人教版八年级下册英语期末复习：全册语法知识梳理汇编.docx

1、人教版八年级下册英语期末复习：全册语法知识梳理汇编Unit 1 Whats the matter?知识目标必记单词背写必记matter n.问题；事情 trouble n.问题；苦恼importance n. 重要性；重要 decision n.决定；抉择只需识记stomachache n. 胃痛；腹痛 lie v.躺；平躺 headache n.头痛 passenger n. 乘客；旅客 accident n.(交通）事故 death n.死；死亡常考短语have a cold 感冒 lie down躺下 take ones temperature 量体温have a fever发烧 to

2、ones surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意料take breaks休息 get off下车 right away 立即；马上be used to 习惯于.;适应于. get into 陷入；参与 run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 give up 放弃 经典句型1.Whats the matter with Ben? 本怎么了？2.He hurt himself. He has a sore back. 他自己受伤了。他背痛。3.What should she do? 她该怎么办？4.She should take her temperature.她应该量体温。重点语法询问某人的健康问题及

3、遇到麻烦的表达方法；情态动词should的用法Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.知识目标必记单词背写必记cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 feeling n.感觉；感触repair v.修理；修补 carry v.拿；提；扛excited adj.激动的；兴奋的 只需识记volunteer v.义务做；自愿做 n.志愿者lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的 several pron.几个；数个；一些 satisfaction n.满足；满意journey n.(尤指长途）旅行；行程 alone adv.独自；单独常考短语clean up 打扫(或清

4、除）干净 cheer up(使）变的更高兴；振奋起来give out 分发；散发 come up with想到；提出put off推迟 hand out 分发used to曾经；过去 give away 赠送；捐赠 set up 建起；设立 make a difference 影响；有作用经典句型1. Id like to help homeless people.我想帮助无家可归的人们。2.You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。3.We need to come up with a plan to tell people

5、about the city park clean-up. 我们需要想出一个计划告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。重点语法 短语动词；动词不定式Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?知识目标必记单词背写必记throw v.扔；掷 pass v. 给；递；走过；通过 borrow v.借；借用 lend v. 借给；借出waste n. 浪费；滥用 provide v. 提供；供应 depend v. 依靠；信赖 develop v. 发展；壮大只需识记rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物 sweep v.扫；打扫 neither adv. 也不 whil

6、e conj.在期间；当的时候；而；然而 常考短语take out of the rubbish倒垃圾 all the time频繁；反复 in order to目的是；为了 depend on依靠；信赖 take care of照顾；处理 come over过来；顺便来访in surprise惊讶地 hang out闲逛；溜达 经典句型1. -Could you please sweep the floor?请你扫一下地好吗？ -Yes ,sure.好的，当然可以。2. -Could I use your computer?我能用一下你的电脑吗？- -Sorry.Im going to wo

7、rk on it now.对不起。我现在要用它工作。重点语法情态动词could的用法Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?知识目标必记单词背写必记allow v.允许；准许 wrong adj. 有毛病；错误的 communication n.交流；沟通 argue v. 争吵；争论continue v.持续；继续存在 compare v.比较 只需识记elder adj. 年纪教长的 instead adv. 代替；反而；却offer v.归还；回来；返回 push v.鞭策；督促；推动development n. 发展；发育；成长cause v.

8、造成；引起usual adj.通常的；寻常的 perhaps adv.可能；大概；也许常考短语work out成功地发展；解决 get on with和睦相处；关系良好 cut out删除；删去 comparewith比较；对比 in ones opinion依看 be angry with对生气be afraid of害怕 look through浏览 经典句型 1.-What should I do?我该怎么办？2.-Why dont you forget about it? Although shes wrong, its not a big deal. 你为什么不忘记它呢？尽管她错了，

9、但这也不是什么大不了的事情。3. -What should he do?他该怎么办？4. -He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry. 他应该和他的朋友谈谈，以便可以说声抱歉。重点语法 连词until,so that及although引导的状语从句Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?知识目标必记单词背写必记realize v.理解；领会；认识到 truth n.实情；事实strange adj.奇特的；奇怪的 report v.报道；公布只需识记sudde

10、nly adv.突然；忽然 beat v.敲打；锤砸 heavily adv. 在很大程度上；大量地 against prep. 倚；碰；撞 asleep adj.睡着 rise v.增加；提高；增强completely adv.彻底地；完全地 recently adv.不久前；最近常考短语go off(闹钟）发出响声 pick up接电话 fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着 die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 in silence沉默；无声 at first首先；最初 经典句型1.-What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚8点你在做什么？ -I

11、was taking a shower.我正在洗澡。 2.When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3.While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Marry with her homework. 当琳达在睡觉时，珍妮在帮玛丽做作业。重点语法 过去进行时态Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.知识目标必记单词背写必记remind v.提醒；使想起 cheat v.欺骗；蒙骗 bra

12、ve adj.勇敢的；无畏的只需识记shoot v.射击；发射 fit v.适合；合身 stupid adj.愚蠢的 whole adj.全部的；整体的 voice n.声音 stone n.石头 Western adj.西方的 marry v.结婚 shine v.发光；照耀 常考短语once upon a time 从前 instead of 代替；反而turn. . . into 变成 get married 结婚 be born 出生 as soon as 一就 ；尽快 经典句型1.As soon as the man finished talking, Yu Gong said th

13、at his family could continue to move the mountains after he died. 这个人一说完，愚公就说，他死后他的家人将继续移山。 2.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因为它们如此之大，以至于花了很长时间走到另一边。 3.He cannot turn himself into a person unless he can hide his tail. 他不能把自己变成人，除非他能隐藏他的尾巴。重点语法 连词 unless，

14、as soon as和so. . . that的用法Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?知识目标必记单词 背写必记 succeed v.实现目标；成功 excitement n.激动；兴奋protect v.保护；防护 achieve v.达到；完成；成功 只需识记 square n.平方；正方形 population n.人口；人口数量 thick adj. 厚的；浓的 weigh v.重量是；称的重量 adult adj.成年的；成人的 deep adj.深的 include v.包括；包含 research n.研究；调查 rem

15、aining adj.遗留的；剩余的 government n.政府；内阁常考短语in the face of 面对（问题，困难等） take in 吸入；吞入（人体） at birth 出生时die from 死于 经典句型1.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountains in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。2.China has the biggest population in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。3.Its much older than the US.它比美国要古老得多。重点语法

16、大数的表达与朗读；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?知识目标必记单词背写必记hurry v.匆忙，赶快 success n.成功 introduce v.介绍；引荐只需识记treasure n.珠宝；财富 technology n.科技；工艺forever v.永远 southern adj.南方的 record n.唱片；记录 island n.岛 towards prep.朝；向；对着 French n.法语 abroad adv.在国外；到国外 modern adj.现代的；当代的belong v.属于；归属 常

17、考短语full of 充满 put. . . down 放下；记下 hurry up 赶紧；急忙（做某事） belong to 属于grow up 长大 at least 至少 on the island 在岛上 the number of. . . 的数量 经典句型1. -Have you read Little Women yet? 你读过小妇人吗？ -Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有读过。2. -What books have you already read? 你已经读过什么书？ -Ive already read Tom Sawy

18、er and Harry Potter. 我已经读了汤姆索亚历险记和哈利波特。 重点语法现在完成时（I）Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?知识目标必记单词背写必记collect v.收集；采集 safe adj.安全的；无危险的encourage v.鼓励 peaceful adj.和平的；安宁的只需识记unbelievable adj.难以置信的；不真实的 unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的social adj.社会的 progress v.进步；进展 thousand num. 一千 spring n.春天常考短语have been to 去

19、过 put up 搭建；支起think about 考虑 as. . . as . . . 和一样a couple of 两个；一对；几个 something important 重要的东西thousands of 数以千计的；许许多多的on the one hand . . . on the other hand . . . 一方面另一方面three quarters 四分之三 经典句型1. -Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？-Yes, Ive been to a science museum. 是的，我去过科学博物馆。

20、/No, Ive never been to a science museum. 不，我从未去过科学博物馆。2. Ive been to the art museum many times. 我去过美术馆很多次。 -Me, too.我也是。3. Ive never been to a water park. 我从未去过水上乐园。 -Me. neither。我也没去过。重点语法 现在完成时（II）Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.知识目标必记单词背写必记honest adj.诚实的；老实的 shame n.羞耻，羞愧，惭愧consider v.注

21、视；仔细考虑只需识记sweet adj. 甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的 memory n.记忆；回忆 soft adj.软的；柔软的 hold v.拥有；抓住 search v.搜索；搜查 regard v.将认为；把视为century n.百年；世纪 especially adv.尤其；特别常考短语how long 多久，多长时间 clear out 清理；丢掉part with 放弃；交出 to be honest 说实在的close to 几乎；接近 check out 察看；观察no longer 不再；不复 as for 至于；关于according to 依据；按照 经典句型 1.How

22、long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车那买了多长时间了？-Ive had it for three years.我买它三年了。2. Jim has been in Japan for three days.吉姆在日本呆了三天了。3. I used to return home at least once a year, but I havent been back for almost three years now. 我过去一年至少回家一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。重点语法 现在完成时（III）八年级下册语法知识汇总一情态动词s

23、hould 的用法1) should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldnt，其后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。He should lie down and rest. 他应该躺下休息。You shouldnt eat so much next time. 下次你不应该吃那么多。2) should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。Should I take my temperature? 我应该量体温吗？二情态动词could的用法情态动词could用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许，用于疑问句，代替can, 在时间上与can

24、没有区别，但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。回答时要用can，不能用could.肯定回答：Yes,主语can./Sure./Certainly./Yes,sure./No problem./With pleasure等 否定回答： No,主语cant./Im afraid not.等。-Could you please take out the rubbish? 请你倒一下垃圾好吗？-Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。-Could I get something to drink after the movie?-No,you cant.You have a basketball game t

25、omorrow.三 状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1. until引导的时间状语从句 连词until/till意为“直到为止；到时”，一般情况下两者可以互换，但till多用于非正式语中.且不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。She often works in the field until it gets dark. 她经常在田里干活到天黑。We didnt go home until the rain stopped. 直到雨停了，我们才回家T

26、he young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.2. as soon as 引导的时间状语从句assoonas.一.就.；刚.就.;连接的时间状语从句。Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。AssoonasIgottothestop, thebusstarted.我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。注意：第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词【拓展】

27、assoonas引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配：主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来IwillwriteyouassoonasIgetthere.I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去式HetookouthisEnglishbookassoonashesatdown.3.so that引导的目的状语从句so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句之后，且不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实，因此，从句中常带有can,will,could,would等情态

28、动词。I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.You must go now so that you wont be late.so that 意为“以至于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。另外，so与that也可以分开使用。He studied hard so that he passed the exam.Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.She ate so much that she could

29、nt move a bit.4. although引导的让步状语从句although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but, and, so等连用，但可以和yet, still等词连用。Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.Although he was tired, he went on working. 5. unless引导的条件状语从句Unless连词，引导条件状语从句，意为，：除非.;如果不.;除了.；常引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。unl

30、ess引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主要用于下列情况。(1)主句为肯定句Youwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryup.你要不快点就会错过车。(2)主句为否定句IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.如果我不收到他的来信，我就不去。四过去进行时1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。2. 时间标志词：then,at this/that time yesterday,at 8:00 yesterday morning,all night以及when/while从句等。When it began to rain,

31、 Ben was helping his mom make dinner.当开始下雨时，本在帮他妈妈做饭。3. 构成：肯定句：was/werev.-ingI was sleeping at ten oclock last night.昨晚十点我正在睡觉。否定句：was/were notv.-ingI was not sleeping at ten oclock last night.疑问式：Was/Were主语v.-ing？Were you sleeping at ten oclock last night?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.五用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句

32、型 1) 倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+thanThis rope is twice longer than that one这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。This hall is five times bigger than our classroom这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。The car runs twice faster than that truck这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。2) 倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+asAsia is four times as large as Europe亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。This big stone is three tim

33、es as heavy as that one这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。3) 倍数+the size（length，height）ofThis street is four times the length of that street这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。也可用：The height of this hill is four tim

34、es of that small one六现在完成时1.现在完成时的定义：1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Its so dark. 太黑了。-Someone has turned off the light.有人把灯关上了。（有人把灯关上了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑）2) 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去时间点，for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。I have lived here for ten years. 我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）I have lived here si

35、nce 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)2. 现在完成时的标志词：1) 常与just,already,yet,ever,never,before,so far等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have your ever been to Paris? 你曾经去过日本吗？I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。2) for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+一段时间+ago；since+一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five y

36、ears. 他们已经相互认识五年了。Since he was a child, he has lived in England. 自从他是个孩子就一直住在英国。3. 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：肯定句：助动词have/has+过去分词否定句：助动词havent/hasnt+过去分词疑问句：Have/Has+主语？1) I have finished my homework.(肯定句)2) I have not finished my homework.(否定句)3) -Have you finished your homework?-Yes,I have./No,I havent.(一般疑问句

37、及肯定、否定回答)4. 动词过去分词的变化规则：规则动词：1)一般情况下，在动词后加-ed workworkedworkedlistenlistenedlistenedjumpjumpedjumped2)以- e结尾的动词,加-d closeclosedclosed likelikedliked agreeagreedagreed3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudystudiedstudied carrycarriedcarried trytriedtried4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stopstoppedstopped dropdrop

38、peddropped不规则动词： (这类单词的过去分词，需识记。)gowentgone seesawseen forgetforgotforgotten5. already 与yet用法集锦：1) already意为“已经”。(1)通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。I have already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了。Some visitors have come already. 一些游览者已经来了。(2)也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答、惊异或明知故问等感情色彩， already常放在句末。Has the little

39、 boy already got home alone? 这个小男孩已经独自到家了？（表惊讶）(3)在陈述客观事实的情况下，already也可用于一般现在时或一般过去时。He is already a middle school student. 他已经是一名中学生了。2) yet的用法：(1)yet用于完成时的疑问句中，意为“已经”，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生。通常放于句末。Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？John, have you finished that report yet? (2)yet也可用于完成时的否定句中，意为“还”，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生，通常放于句末。I havent found my ruler yet. 我还没找到我的尺子。John hasnt finished that report yet.(3)yet还可用做连词，意为“然而”，通常位于并列句的后一个分句的句首。Though she was very tired,yet she didnt want to give up.虽然她很累，然而她不想放弃。第 11 页 共 11 页