1、Unit 3 Back to the pastGrammar and usage Predicative clauses表语从句1.定义：在句子中充当表语的从句系动词（连系动词）分类例词1、Be系动词am,is,are,was,were2、感官系动词smell,taste,feel,sound3、表象系动词look,seem,appear4、变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall5、持续系动词Keep,continue,remain,stay6、终止系动词（结果）prove,turn out基本句子结构：主+系+表2.由连接词that,whether 引导的表语从句that 在引
2、导表语从句时无词义；而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是抽象名词，如problem,result,chance,suggestion,question,reason 等，表语从句对主句主语进行说明，解释等。The result of the invention of steam engines was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.发明蒸汽机的结果是机械力取代了人力。The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the
3、 sleeping bag.主要的问题是你想要你的手臂在睡袋的里面还是外面。特别注意：if 也有“是否”的含义，但连接表语从句不可以用if,而要用whether.The question is whether we will hold our sports meet next week.3.由连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等引导的表语从句。As John Lennon once said,life is what happens to you while you are busy making
4、other plans.正如约翰.列侬曾经说的，生活就是当你忙于制定其他计划时发生在你身上的事情。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。4.由连接副词when,where,how,why 等引导的表语从句The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是我们什么时候可以获得加薪。5.由连词 because,as if/as though 等引导的表语从句as if 犹如，好像，好似，仿佛as though 仿佛；好像From space,the Earth looks blue.This is
5、because about 71%of its surface is covered by water.从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的面积都被水覆盖。Its as if the brain is preserving the most important memories.就好像大脑在保存它最重要的记忆。特别注意：as if/as though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面。从句陈述的内容如果有明显根据，很可能发生，就用陈述句语气；如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气（主句是一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be 一般用 we
6、re;主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时）。Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。（有明显根据）I feel as if I were at home while here.在这儿我感觉像在自己家一样。（与事实不符）Applying the rulesB 1Complete the sentences with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.Applying the rules1.I got six books f
7、rom the library.The question is _ one I should read first!2.The truth is _ there are many reasons why wars break out.3.We have made it rule that visitors must not touch the china vases.The problem is _ some visitors do not pay attention to it.whichthatthatApplying the rules4.The museum was closed.Th
8、at was _ we couldnt see the historical documents.5.The two historians disagree with each other.The question is _ it is possible to prove who is right.6.Besides having the history classes at school,we also visit historic destinations.That is _ we learn about important events in history.whywhetherhowA
9、pplying the rulesB 2Below is an article about the Shiji.Complete the article below with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.In the first century BCE,Sima Qian complete the Shiji,which describes historical events and figure from the era of he Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own
10、time.Totalling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years,the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five categories.What makes this book remarkable in content is(1)_ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors,ministers or other ex
11、ceptional figures,but also lists important events in different periods.Another thing to note is(2)_ it covers advances in astronomy,music,the calender and so on.thatthatOne of the main features of the Shiji is(3)_ the biographies are presented in the form of stories rather than dry facts.Sima Qian w
12、as able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vividly.Some of the phrases employed in this book are still in constant use.Even today,the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them.Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar
13、 format.Together with the Shiji,these were edited in the Qing Dynasty.That is(4)_ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories.They are among the most important records of Chinese history.howwhyPage 70 Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.1.that 2.that 3.where4.how 5.what6.whether7.why 8.when 9.that10.as if/as thoughC 1.对对.感兴趣感兴趣2.周游全国周游全国 3.获取广泛的信息获取广泛的信息 4.继他继他父亲之后成为父亲之后成为太史令太史令 5.方便他接触方便他接触.6.整理可用的资源整理可用的资源 Useful ExpressionsP347.需要艰苦的努力需要艰苦的努力 8.有效且高效地有效且高效地 9.继续某事继续某事 10.被关进监狱被关进监狱 11.身体上和精神上身体上和精神上12.无论顺境还是逆境无论顺境还是逆境 Useful Expressions
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