高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（介词）.doc

1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习（介词）【知识要点】1、介词不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词或动词的-ing形式等构成短语，才能在句子中充当一个成分。2、介词主要有：（1）表示地点位置的介词：above, at, behind, below, beside, between, in, in front of, inside, next to, on, opposite, outside, over, under（2）表示时间的介词：in, on, at, in, after, from, since, after（3）表示运动方向的介词：across, along, down, from, in

2、to, off, onto, out of, over, round, through, to, up（4）表示关于的介词：on ,about（5）表示方法、手段的介词：by, with, in（6）表示原因的介词：for, because of, thanks to, owing to, due to3、介词分为三类：（1）简单介词（常见44个）：about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between

3、, beyond, but, by, concerning, during, except, for, in, like, near, nearly, of, off, on, opposite, out, over, past, round, since, through, till, to, under, until, up, with。（2）合成介词（常见10个）：alongside, inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, underneath, upon, within, without。（3）短语介词（常见15个）：according to

4、, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, due to, except for, in addition to, owing to, thanks to, up to, in front of, next to, together with。4、六组同义/近义介词（1）表示时间 at, in, onat：后接具体时刻、时节、年龄等。at 10 years old at 8:00 at noonin：后接时间段（如世纪、年、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等）。In the 1920s in Spring in May in the m

5、orning/afternoon/eveningon：后接特定时间、星期、具体的一天。on Sunday on May 1st in, during, byin：in+时间段，表示“将来”或“此时间段内”He will come back in 3 days.It will be finished in 3 days.within：“within+时间段”，强调“在此时间段内”或“不超出这段时间”。You must finish it within 3 hours.during：“during+时间段”，表示“贯穿此时间段内”During the holiday, he kept playin

6、g.by：到时间位置，往往要跟完成时态。We had finished the book by the end of last month.（2）表示地点 at, inat：后接小地点。He arrived at the village on June 8.in：后接大地点。He arrived in Beijing in June. between, amongbetween：两者或多者之间的两者之间。There is a river between the two cities.Tell the differences between the five words.among：三者或三者以

7、上之间。He is the shortest among those boys. in, on, toin：指在范围之内，即：内部。Shandong province is in the north of China.on：范围外，两者接界。Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.to：范围外，不接界。Shandong is to the north of Fujian. across, throughacross：从物体的表面穿过。He suddenly saw Sue across the room.through：从物体的内部穿过。The sunlight

8、 goes through the windows. above, on, over, belowabove：在的上方。There are some clouds above.on：在上面（表面上）。There are several books on the table.over：在的正上方。There is a bridge over the river.below：在正下方There is a dog below the desk.（3）表示方式或工具by：指通过某种途径、手段或动作行为的执行者，或衡量标准。He goes to school by bus every day.They

9、are paid by the weight.It was presented by Tom.with：指用具体的工具、材料、事物（具体或抽象）。It was covered with snow.You should write it with a pen.through：指通过具体的过程、途径、手段或中介。Nowadays many positions need to be owned through tests.in：指用某种方式、方法、媒介、材料进行表达。Can you communicate with them in English?You can write it in ink.（4

10、）表示原因、结果at/with/in/about：后接引起某种情绪等心理活动的人、事物，表示原因。be shocked/ surprised at be satisfied with be concerned about be interested infor：后接具体的事、物、状况，表示受奖罚、痛苦、出名的原因。 for its beauty/stealingbe famous forfrom/out of：表示出于需要、主观认识或动机的原因。from/out of a sense of duty from starvation die fromto ones n.：后接表示情绪的名词，在句

11、中作全句的结果状语。To our surprise, that is a DOG!（5）表示关于on：后接具体内容，专门性用语。A conference on the climate is to held next month.about：常用语,后接内容或观点较为一般的情形。Let say something about the topic.（6）表示排除或包含but/except：除之外。All the students, except Tom, went there yesterday.besides：“包含在内”或：“除之外，还有”。Besides English, he could

12、speak three kinds of foreign languages.except for：若无except for后的对象，在对主语所下的论断就达到了100%。Except for an old woman, the bus was empty.apart from：“除之外”，“包含在内”。All the students, apart from Tom, went there yesterday.Apart from English, he could speak three kinds of foreign languages.【练习】单句语法填空1.Try on this r

13、ed skirt; you will look great _ it. 2.Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here.3.If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door.4.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ which they are b

14、eing trained.5.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.6.I have many friends, _ whom some are businessmen.7.He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.8.Children need friends _ their own age to play with. 9.Some people choose jobs for other reaso

15、ns _ money these days.10.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.11.This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice.12.Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.13.Nick, its good for you to read some books _ China before

16、you start your trip there.14.He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.15.Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.16.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.17.With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can been taken _ co

17、lor.18.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.19._ all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.20.Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.21.Do you think this shirt is

18、 too tight _ the shoulders?22.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.23.A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics.24.It was a real race _ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.25.I have an appointment _ Dr.

19、Smith, but I need to change it.26.People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression.27.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour.28.The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contes

20、t.29.September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.30.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _ the road.31.It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.32.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ names not case number.33.When asked about their o

21、pinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ favor of younger men.34.Wed better discuss everything _ detail before we work out the plan.35.You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be _ life.36.China has been pushing the reform of p

22、ublic hospitals _ the benefit of all its citizens.37.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._ the meanwhile, Ill set the table.38.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.39.The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children

23、.40.Sorry, Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its_ the visiting hours.【答案】1.in 2.about 3.by 4.for 5.for 6.of 7.on 8.of9.besides 10.with 11.until 12.from 13.on 14.above 15.over/during 16.for 17.in 18.off 19.Of 20.for 21.across 22.against 23.without 24.against25.with 26.for 27.in 28.with 29.by 30.off 31.despite 32.by 33.in 34.in 35.for 36.for 37.In 38.to 39.for 40.Beyond5