高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语）.doc

1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种：-to do不定式，-ing分词，-ed分词和动名词。（重点为前三种）2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；-ing分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；-ed分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；动名词相当于名词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义 -ing分词的基本意义为：主动或进行，变形有：进行式：doing被动式

2、：being done完成式：having done完成被动式：having been done-to do不定式的基本意义为：主动将来，变形有：进行式：to be doing被动式：to be done完成式：to have done完成被动式：to have been done-ed分词表示被动或完成。4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语，并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。the falling leaves （-ing分词作前置定语，“正在下落的叶子”）the leaves falling in the

3、 sky （-ing分词短语作后置定语，“正在空中下落的叶子 ”）the coming/following day （-ing分词作前置定语，“第二天 ”）the day to come （-to do分词短语作后置定语，“第二天”）the fallen leaves （-ed分词作前置定语，“已经落地的叶子/落叶”）the house burnt to the ground （-ed分词短语作后置定语，“被烧成废墟的房子”）【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the _ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.

4、Seeing the _ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building _ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building _ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said

5、 that the building _ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman _ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman _ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those _ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket _ (cover) th

6、e land.10.The police have got enough evidence _ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road _ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses _ (pay) journey.13.All the _ (question) people supported the governments latest policy.1

7、4.You should keep well the books _ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people _ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。非谓语动词在句中作状语时，可放置在句首、句中或句尾。-ing分词作状语Hearing his mother calling his name, the boy ran out of the room happily.（时间状语）The boy, hearing h

8、is mother calling his name, ran out of the room happily.（原因状语）The boy ran out of the room happily, hearing his mother calling his name.（原因状语）He walked along the road, singing.（伴随状语）The hurricane left at last, causing so much damage to the area.（结果状语）-ed分词作状语Seen from space, the earth looks blue.Frig

9、htened, he couldnt move his feet.-to do不定式作状语To catch the early train, we started early.（目的状语）He studied hard to achieve a good performance at school.（目的状语）We hurried to the station, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.（结果状语）【练习】单句语法填空。1._ (hear) his mothers voice, the little boy

10、ran out of the door happily.2._ (find) his bicycle lost, the boy called the police at once.3.The sentence, _ (translate) into English, has completely different meaning from Chinese.4._ (give) enough time, I can finish it by myself.5.A new bridge over the river has been built, _ (make) it easier for

11、people to go through.6.The little boy, _ (courage) by his parents, fought back to his feet, and tried again.7._ (bite) by a dog once, the child will get frightened whenever seeing a dog.8.The plan, if _ (carry) out effectively, will be a big success.9.The hurricane left at last, _ (cause) much destr

12、uction to the city.10._ (tire), the man felt asleep quickly.11.Suddenly, an woman came to the little boy, _ (say) that she was his mother.12.They have been working for several hours, only _ (stop) for a short break.13.He ran in the warm sunlight, _ (feel) so happy.14.He was surprised _ (find) someon

13、e was waiting for him.15._ (be) a successful writer, you should do a lot of reading first.三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语【知识要点】非谓语动词作宾语补足语高考中考查的宾语补足语，多指在使役动词、感官动词和with的复合结构中的宾语补足语。常见常考的使役动词有：have, get, make, let, leave常见常考的感官动词有：see, hear, find, watch, feel, listen to, notice, smell, taste例句：He had his son stand ther

14、e.（省略to的不定式作使役动词的宾语补足语，表示“使/让做某事” ，表示主动意义。)He had his son standing there for an hour.（-ing分词作使役动词的宾语补足语，表示“使/让一直做某事”，表示主动意义。此时句中常需要出现时间段。）He had his bike repaired.（-ed分词作使役动词的宾语补足语，表示“使/让被做某事”，表示被动意义。）We heard her sing.（省略to的不定式作感官动词的宾语补足语，表示“听到/看到做某事的全过程，或看到/听到时，此动作已完成”，表示主动意义。）We heard her singing

15、.（-ing分词作感官动词的宾语补足语，表示“听到/看到正在做某事”，表示主动意义。）We heard something stolen.（-ed分词作感官动词的宾语补足语，表示“看到/听到被做某事”，表示被动意义。）The old man takes a walk every day with his dog following him.（-ing分词作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，表示主动意义。）The old man takes a walk every day with his dog tied to his hand.（-ed分词作with复合机构中的宾语补足语，表示被动意义。）W

16、ith much homework to finish, the boy couldnt go to play football with his friends.（-to do不定式作with复合机构中的宾语补足语，表示将来被动意义。）【练习】单句语法填空。1.With so much work _ (finish), he had to work all day and all night.2.With so much work _ (finish), he was praised by his manager.3.Excuse me, sir.I would like to have m

17、y package _ (post).4.Wait a minute please.I will have someone _ (show) you around.5.Wait a minute please.Someone will be had _ (show) you around.6.We are surprised to find someone _ (smoke) in the smoking-prohibited area.7.His hard work finally got himself _ (recognize) in his field.8.Watching the f

18、lag _ (rise) up into the sky, I feel so proud.9.Again and again, they kept the children _ (remind) of safety.10.With so many beautiful flowers _ (cover) the land, it looks so colorful.11.Trying to find any opportunity to hear English _ (speak) is a good way to learn it well.12.He left without saying

19、 any word, making others _ (satisfy).13.Finally the two travelers found themselves _ (lose) in the forest.14.Feeling himself _ (cheat), the man shouted out angrily.15.With so much noise _ (go) outside, I cant focus on my homework.【答案】一、1.falling 2.fallen 3.to be built 4.being built 5.built6.seated 7

20、.sitting 8.broken 9.covering 10.proving11.leading 12.paid 13.questioned 14.borrowed 15.seated二、1.Hearing 2.Finding 3.translated 4.Given 5.making6.encouraged 7.Bitten 8.carried 9.having caused 10.Tired 11.saying 12.stopping 13.feeling 14.to find 15.To be 三、1.to finish 2.finished 3.posted 4.show 5.to show6.smoking 7.recognized 8.rising 9.reminded 10.covering 11.spoken 12.unsatisfied 13.lost 14.cheated 15.Going4