北京市西城区2024届高三下学期4月一模试题 英语 Word版含答案.docx

1、英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When Susan was a high school senior, her English teacher Mr. DiMeo gave the class a challenging task: Recite a poem in front of the whole class. I had a mild stutter（结巴）. Id be 1 to get a word out that m

2、ight begin with Dor TH, or I might say the three times, Susan said. The thought of getting up in front of her classmates and stuttering through the poem was too much to 2 .Susan went home and 3 how scared she was to her mom, who agreed to write a note asking for her to be 4 from doing the task in fr

3、ont of the whole class. When the day of the recitation came, Susan recited the poem one-on-one to Mr. DiMeo. 5 she was done, Mr. DiMeo said something shed never heard before: that he liked listening to her voice. For the first time, she considered the possibility that public speaking didnt have to b

4、e a source of 6 .Susan went on to graduate from high school and go to college. She never got to properly thank Mr. DiMeo. But sometime after college, she 7 a job as a corporate trainer. The new position made her realize how big a（n） 8 he had had on her confidence. I stand up in front of people and s

5、peak, and I do it all the time. If I do stutter once in a while, no big deal, she said. Susan recently found a way to 9 her former teacher, and plans on sending him a letter expressing her appreciation. In her mind, Mr. DiMeo is an unsung hero, because hes a big reason why she has a successful caree

6、r and life. I dont know where I wouldve gone if I felt like I had to keep my voice 10 because I was afraid of embarrassing myself. Id like to thank him for that kindness. 1.A. continuingB. strugglingC. pretendingD. hoping2.A. shareB. expressC. findD. bear3.A. taughtB. provedC. revealedD. promised4.A

7、. excusedB. prohibitedC. correctedD. discouraged5.A. WhileB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Once6.A. jealousyB. worryC. boredomD. loneliness7.A. wantedB. offeredC. landedD. created8.A. impactB. ideaC. choiceD. stress9.A. judgeB. contactC. studyD. interview10.A. sweetB. loudC. quietD. deep第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15

8、分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AIll never forget my first visit to China. Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything. But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu. A horrible gr

9、ey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe. You neednt try it 11 you dont want to, Mum said. But I 12 （gather） all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasnt so bad. It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I 1

10、3 （fall） in love with stinky tofu-someday. BThe 5-Second Rule suggests food is OK to eat if you pick it up 14 five seconds or less. Believe it or not, scientists have tested the rule. Were sorry to report its not necessarily true. Bacteria can attach 15 （it） to your food instantly, regardless of how

11、 quickly it 16 （pick）up. Food left there for five seconds or less will probably collect less bacteria than food sitting there for a longer time, but fast may not be fast enough. Floors, even clean-looking ones, harbor bacteria. Ultimately, if in doubt. abandon the food 17 （avoid） potential illness.

12、CYour hometown could affect your navigational （导航的） skills. New research indicates that individuals 18 （raise）in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. This conclusion was drawn from a study 19 （in

13、volve）players of a mobile game about sea, 20 tests 3-D navigation skills. However, theres hope for city residents: an urban version of the game showed slight improvements for them. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADiscovery PassWith a NSW TrainLink

14、 Discovery Pass, you can get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class （

15、Premium）. Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent. Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to ano

16、ther person. PricesPass type14 days1 month3 months6 monthsAdult Economy$232$275$298$420Adult Premium$300$350$400$550Child Economy$121$143$154$220Child Premium$154$176$220$275How to purchase a pass and book tripsStep 1: Purchase a Discovery PassChoose a time limit and class of travel that suits your

17、needs. Step 2: Book your tripsAfter you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry （到期） date indicated on the pass. You mus

18、t book each trip before you travel. Find out more about ways to book your ticket? Visit our website:https: /transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket 21. You can use a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass to _.A. book a child ticket onlineB. choose a class of travel that

19、 suits youC. choose a weekly, monthly or yearly passD. get booked travel to unlimited destinations22. If a mother with a child wants to buy a one-month NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass for Economy Class, she should payA. $353B. $418C. $693D. $87623. What can we know about a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass?

20、A. A pass can be given to another person. B. A pass can be refunded to NSW Trains. C. The time limit on a pass starts from the day of your purchase. D. You should book your first trip within one month after your purchase. BAs this year draws to a close, I still remember the fear I felt on a bright S

21、aturday morning in late September, at a five-kilometer race in Clarkston, Georgia, as I waited for my 11-year-old son at the finish line. I knew he could run a 5k in about 30 minutes. When I didnt see him at the 35-minute mark, I began to wonder what had gone wrong. Had he gotten lost? Was he hit by

22、 a car? About an hour earlier, when we drove into town, my son noticed an insect on my car. It was bright green, no longer than a fingernail. And it was friendly. This little green thing hopped onto my sons finger, where it stayed for a long, long time. It stayed so long that we eventually gave it a

23、 name: Little Friend. A few minutes before the race, Little Friend jumped off my sons hand and landed on the sidewalk. But pedestrian traffic was heavy and unpredictable. Little Friend was in danger. So my son knelt and reached out his hand. Little Friend came back. The race was about to start, and

24、the tiny green insect was in for a wild ride. My son would run fast, and the race would be long, and his arms would swing, and Little Friend would eventually be shaken off. You will lose Little Friend, I told him. My son nodded, treating the moment with appropriate seriousness. The race began, and I

25、 lost sight of him. The excitement at the finish line gave way to anxiety when my son did not show up. I kept asking people if theyd seen him. No one had. And beyond the 40-minute mark, I was in a panic. But there he was, thank goodness, just ahead of the 45-minute mark. And there was Little Friend,

26、 riding on the upper crook of his right thumb like a very small captain on a very tall ship. My predictions had been wrong. My son had not run fast, and he had not lost Little Friend. And these two facts seemed somehow related. He blamed a cold he was getting over. I suspected it was more than that,

27、 but I didnt question him too much about it. We walked back to the car, smiling, and found some bushes in the parking lot that seemed like a good place for my son to drop off Little Friend. “Be free,” my son said, and gently put it in the bushes. My son knew the truth. Sometimes life gives you somet

28、hing beautiful, a fragile, short-lived treasure in your hand. There is no need to rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjoy each moment. Hold on while you can. One day my son will leave too, running off on his own adventure. 24. How did the writer probably feel when he finally saw his son appear in sight?A

29、. Relieved. B. Depressed. C. Satisfied. D. Disappointed. 25. The son failed to run as fast as his father had expected probably because _. A. he was lostB. he was recovering from a coldC. he was afraid to lose the tiny insectD. he was slowed down by the heavy traffic26. As for the way his son treated

30、 Little Friend, the writer is _.A. indifferentB. anxiousC. appreciativeD. doubtful27. What will the writer most probably do after the race?A. Treasure every moment he has with his son. B. Encourage his son to take more adventures. C. Tell his son to take races seriously. D. Get more insects for his

31、son. CEvan Selinger, professor in RITs Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics （伦理标准） of Al and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating Al prog

32、rams do to address and manage it? Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach. AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced （微妙的） principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills arent

33、 just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory（先行的） governance, said Selinger. One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selingers work collaborating with a special AI pr

34、oject. One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that havent been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed, said Selinger. Taking these preventative steps and

35、regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isnt a step-by-step approach for good governance. AI ethics have core values and principles, but theres endless disagreement about interpreting and appl

36、ying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms, said Selinger. Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into ethics washing-weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, Ive had great conversations abo

37、ut this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions. Some of Selingers recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before theyre released to the public. Other issue

38、s focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance（监视） approaches. Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. Students are going to be future tech leader

39、s. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring, said Selinger. To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company

40、 matches their interests and hopes for the future. 28. Selinger advocates an interdisciplinary approach because _.A. humanities experts possess skills essential for AI ethicsB. it demonstrates the power of anticipatory governanceC. AI ethics heavily depends on technological solutionsD. it can avoid

41、social conflicts and pressing issues29. To promote responsible AI, Selinger believes we should _.A. adopt a systematic approachB. apply innovative technologiesC. anticipate ethical risks beforehandD. establish accountability mechanisms30. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. More com

42、panies will use AI to attract top talent. B. Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future. C. Selinger favors companies that match his students values. D. Selinger is likely to focus on back-end issues such as policy. DWhile some allergies（过敏症） disappear over time or with treatment, othe

43、rs last a lifetime. For decades, scientists have been searching for the source of these lifetime allergies. Recently, researchers found that memory B cells may be involved. These cells produce a different class of antibodies known as IgG, which ward off viral infections But no one had identified exa

44、ctly which of those cells were recalling allergens or how they switched to making the IgE antibodies responsible for allergies. To uncover the mysterious cells, two research teams took a deep dive into the immune （免疫的） cells of people with allergies and some without. Immunologist Joshua Koenig and c

45、olleagues examined more than 90, 000 memory B cells from six people with birch allergies, four people allergic to dust mites and five people with no allergies. Using a technique called RNA sequencing. the team identified specific memory B cells. which they named MBC2s. that make antibodies and prote

46、ins associated with the immune response that causes allergiesIn another experiment, Koenig and colleagues used a peanut protein to go fishing for memory B cells from people with peanut allergies. The team pulled out the same type of cells found in people with birch and dust mite allergies. In people

47、 with peanut allergies, those cells increased in number and produced IgE antibodies as the people started treatment to desensitize them to peanut allergens. Another group led by Maria Curotto de Lafaille, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, also found tha

48、t similar cells were more. plentiful in 58 children allergic to peanuts than in 13 kids without allergies. The team found that the cells are ready to switch from making protective IgG antibodies to allergy-causing IgE antibodies. Even before the switch, the cells were making RNA for IgE but didnt produce the protein. Mak