北京市朝阳区2024届高三下学期4月一模试题 英语 Word版含答案.docx

1、2024北京朝阳高三一模英 语2024. 4（考试时间90分钟 !满分100分）本试卷共10 页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was hard not to notice an 8-year-old kid storming in and out of his own house. “He doesnt have a father,” said his neighbor, Will

2、iam Dunn. “I can probably do something for him.”That something was fishing, a 1 Dunns father had shared with him. “It brought me peace and taught me how to be patient,” he said. He then took the kid fishing every weekend. Gradually he took groups of kids out to fish. Most didnt have father figures.

3、“Theyd been through a lot, and their lives were 2 ,” said Dunn. “But when they were fishing, all of that disappeared. On the boat, theyd be laughing and making new friends. They just 3 the moment.” 4 by this scene, Dunn started the nonprofit Take a Kid Fishing. He and the volunteers have introduced

4、2,500 kidsmost without fathers 5 to the calming peace found on the water and the excitement of catching a fish.Just as important as the fishing are the 6 Dunn forms with those kids. When they have a rough time, Dunn will talk with them, emphasizing self-respect and mental 7 . One of the kids, Bella

5、Smith, said she would forget about the past while fishing and concentrate on something positive. “Fishing is learning,” she said. “Ive learned I 8 a better life than what I had. Whenever I feel down, I know its time to go fishing.”Dunns father passed away this year, so fishing has 9 new meaning for

6、him. “I have a stronger liking for it because now Im fatherless too. Theres nothing like feeling that first pull on the line and seeing a kid light up with a smile,” said Dunn. “I feel 10 to witness that every weekend.”1. A. caseB. passion C. dutyD. goal2. A. difficultB. dramaticC. adventurousD. bor

7、ing3. A. rememberedB. regrettedC. recordedD. appreciated 4. A. EntertainedB. ShockedC. InspiredD. Confused5. A. nearbyB. aroundC. aheadD. throughout 6. A. identitiesB. agreementsC. relationshipsD. opinions7. A. toughnessB. dependenceC. sharpnessD. defense8. A. requireB. deserveC. leadD. secure9. A.

8、left behindB. turned intoC. carried outD. taken on10. A. curiousB. nervousC. luckyD. hesitant第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 AZhao Chuang is a science artist working in Beijing, 11 job bridges science and art by painting and scu

9、lpturing ancient extinct species. Zhao reproduces each element described in papers on the history of life in an artistic way, and the 12 (blank) in scientific research are filled by his logic and imagination. His painting of a prehistoric flying animal became the cover of important scientific journa

10、l Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career 13 a science artist.BHarbin, 14 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists rushed to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city

11、 still has much more 15 (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The citys individual attractions make 16 a must-see spot no matter the weather.CThe Terracotta Army (兵马俑) was found in 1974 near Xian. It is formed of more than

12、 8,000 sculptures, which 17 (bury) alongside the emperor Qin Shi Huang more than 2,200 years ago. Now, researchers have recreated the shoes of one soldier and analysis of them 18 (suggest) that shoes worn by the terracotta sculptures were surprisingly flexible and slip resistant. If the recreated sh

13、oes 19 (true) reflect the real ones, they can help build a better picture of 20 Qin dynasty soldiers wore and how this might have aided them in battles.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AYouve raced to the supermarket only to realise youve left t

14、he shopping list home. You need to memorise which groceries to pick up before you forget. Thankfully, theres a memory aid thats perfect for the job: the peg-word method.What is the peg-word method?It employs a set of pre-determined words, regarded as peg words, for the to-be-remembered information.

15、Peg words act as a structure to help you remember particular items. Essentially, youre hanging information you need to recall on these pegs, which allows it to be recalled quickly and easily.Initially, to use this method, you will have to remember the peg words as well as the numbers:one = bun two =

16、 shoe three = tree four = door five = hivesix = sticks seven = heaven eight = gate nine = vine ten = henThe next step is to create associations between the information you need to remember and the item linked with the corresponding number. If the first item, for instance, is milk, then you need to v

17、isualise the milk and a bun (小圆面包) together. The more unusual you can make your image, the more likely you are to remember it. In this case, you could imagine a bun drinking a glass of milk.Why is it useful?As the case shows, it is most useful when it comes to remembering lists and you can recall th

18、e listed items easily in order. Another way to use this memory aid is to memorise important numbers, like phone numbers or dates. For instance, you need to remember that William Shakespeare was born in the year 1564. First, change that number to bun-hive-sticks-door. Then imagine a story to help you

19、 remember the series:William Shakespeare put a bun in a beehive to coat it in honey, but he didnt like how sticky it became so he threw it at a door. The peg-word method has been wildly recognized as a helpful memory aid. For more information, please visit 21. How can we apply the peg-word method to

20、 recall an item? A. List out different meanings of the item.B. Visualise the item and memorize its image.C. Choose the items peg word and remember it.D. Create a visual link between the item and its peg word.22. What is the best way to remember the number 347 with the peg words in the table? A. A he

21、n drinks from a bottle of wine.B. A load of eggs grow like fruit on a tree.C. A tree grows through the door to heaven.D. An apple shoots out of a bun and hits the door.23. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To introduce a helpful memory tool.B. To advertise a brain training program.C. To highlig

22、ht the importance of peg words.D. To analyze the necessity of training memory.BMy birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. I was born missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference could have been a disaster if it hadnt been for what happened next. A nur

23、se placed me in my mothers arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.”That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disabil

24、ity, I was lucky because I wasnt made fun of for it.However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a litt

25、le too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that Id just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years25 of them to be exact.When I was 38 years old, tired of

26、hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in. The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it,

27、love itlove me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too. It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier. I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an orga

28、nisation devoted to people with all types of disabilities.Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support. Its time to change that.24. What was the authors childhood like?A. She had no social interactions with friends.B. She was raise

29、d with care and treated normally.C. She faced some challenges in school activities.D. She was upset about the attention to her difference.25. What happened to the author when she was 13 years old?A. She began to ignore her disability.B. She suffered prejudice from some kids.C. She started hiding her

30、self away from friends.D. She became sensitive due to her self-awareness.26. How did the author change when she stopped hiding?A. She started to open up and be herself.B. She met someone who cured her disability.C. She was fed up with the company of others.D. She reduced involvement in the disabilit

31、y group.27What can we learn from this passage? A. Misfortune is a good teacher.B. Disability is not a barrier to success. C. Self-acceptance can lead to self-love. D. Nothing beats the feeling of being loved.CThe streets and roofs of cities all absorb heat, making some urban areas hotter than rural

32、ones. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as city heat spreads downward, and subway tracks and other subsurface infrastructure (基础设施) also constantly radiate warmth into the surrounding earth.A new study of downtown Chicago shows underground hotspots may threaten the very same st

33、ructures that give off the heat in the first place. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicagos downtown was deforming,” says study author Rotta Loria, an environmental engineer.Humans arent the only potentially affected. “For a lot of things in the subsurface, its kind of out of sight, out o

34、f mind,” says Grant Ferguson, a geologist. But the underground world is full of creatures that have adapted to subsurface existence such as insects and snails. As the temperature rises because of climate change and underground urban development, scientists are keeping eyes on the potential implicati

35、ons for underground ecosystems.But the question of how underground hotspots could affect infrastructure has gone largely unstudied. Because materials expand and contract with temperature change, Rotta suspected that heat coming from underground could be contributing to wear and tear on various struc

36、tures. To understand how underground temperature difference has affected the grounds physical properties, he used a computer model to simulate (模拟) the underground environment from the 1950s to nowand then to 2050. He found that by the middle of this century, some areas may lift upward by as much as

37、 0.50 inch or settle by as much as 0.32 inch, depending on the soil makeup of the area involved. Though these may sound like small displacements, Rotta says they could cause cracks in the foundations of some buildings, causing buildings to fall.Kathrin Menberg, a geoscientist in Germany, says these

38、displacement predictions are far beyond her guesses and could be linked to the soft, clay-heavy soils. “Clay material is particularly sensitive,” she says, “It would be a big issue in all cities worldwide that are built on such material.”Like climate change above the surface, underground changes occ

39、ur gradually. “These effects took decades to develop,” Ferguson says, adding that increased underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate on their own. “We could basically turn everything off, and its going to remain there, the temperature signal, for quite a while.”But Fergu

40、son says this wasted heat energy could also be reused, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Still, this assumption could fail as aboveground climate change continues to boost underground warming. However slowly, this heat will gather beneath our feet. “Its

41、like climate change,” Rotta Loria says. “Maybe we dont see it always, but its happening.”28. The author quotes Rotta Loria in Paragraph 2 mainly to _.A. make a prediction B. highlight a findingC. draw a conclusion D. raise an assumption29. What can we learn from this passage?A. “Urban heat islands”

42、extend underground to spare ecosystems.B. Surface climate change contributes to the reuse of underground heat.C. Underground temperatures mirror the grounds physical characteristics. D. Buildings may collapse as a potential consequence of underground heat.30. What does the underlined word “dissipate

43、” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Show. B. Stay. C. Develop. D. Disappear.31. What does the author intend to tell us?A. Underground climate change is a silent danger.B. Humans fail to notice the dramatic climate change.C. Cooling the subsurface helps control urban heat rises.D. Researching undergro

44、und heat helps save on energy costs.DHave we reached the peak of the culture war? Looking at my social media feeds, it seems that polarised thinking and misinformation have never been more common. How am I supposed to feel when users I once admired now draw on questionable evidence to support their

45、beliefs?Perhaps it is time for us all to adopt a little “existential humility”. I came across this idea in a paper by Jeffrey Greenat Virginia from Common Wealth University and his colleagues. They build on a decade of research examining the benefits of “intellectual humility” more generallyour abil

46、ity to recognise the errors in our judgement and remain aware of the limits of our knowledge.You can get a flavour of this research by rating your agreement with the following statements, ranging from 1 (not at all like me) to 5 (very like me): I question my own opinions because they could be wrong;

47、 I recognise the value in opinions that are different from my own; in the face of conflicting evidence, I am open to changing my opinions.People who score highly on this assessment are less likely to form knee-jerk reactions on a topic, and they find it easier to consider the strengths or weaknesses

48、 of a logical argument. They are less likely to be influenced by misinformation, since they tend to read the article in full, investigate the sources of a news story and compare its reporting to other statements, before coming to a strong conclusion about its truth.Developing “intellectual humility” would be an excellent idea in all fields, but certain situations may make it particularly diff