高中英语人教版必修二unit4 History and Traditions课本知识分类整理（重点单词拓展+课文词块和短语+教材金句+写作素材+课本词汇表）.doc

1、高中英语必修二Unit 4课本知识【重点单词拓展】1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应belonging n.归属belongings n.所有物;财产2.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的3.surround vt.围绕;包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n.周围的事物;环境4.eager adj.热切的;渴望的eagerly adv.急切地;热心地eagerness n.热切;渴望5.defence n.防御;保卫defend vt.&vi.防护;防御;保卫

2、defensive adj.防御的;保护的;保卫的6.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称announcement n.通告;布告;宣布;宣告7.striking adj.引人注目的;显著的strike vt.给(某人以)印象;让(某人)觉得8.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的9.greet vt.问候;迎接greeting n.问候;招呼;迎接10.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到achieve vt.取得;达到11.location n.地方;地点;位置locate vt.找出的位置;把设置在located adj.坐落于;

3、位于12.legal adj.法律的;合法的legally adv.合法地(反) illegal adj.不合法的;违法的13.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的generosity n.慷慨;大方14.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的fascinated adj.被迷住的fascinate vt.&vi.(使)着迷;(使)迷住15.individual adj.单独的;个别的individually adv.逐个地;作为个人;单独地16.evidence n.证据;证明evident adj.明显的evidently adv.明显地17.sensory ad

4、j.感觉的;感官的sense n.感官;理智;心智senseless adj.不明智的;无意义的sensible adj.明智的sensitive adj.善解人意的;敏感的18.poet n.诗人poem n.诗poetry n.诗歌【词块和短语】P37a historic place / a place of historic interest 历史名胜;名胜古迹cultural traditions 文化传统P38the view on/ about对.的看法historic sites 历史古迹lead to / result in导致;致使a research project on

5、sth关于某事物的研究课题a family tree 家谱;家谱图P39give / drop a hint 给提示/暗示as to 关于;至于pull ones leg 开某人的玩笑;耍弄某人fish out of water (因与环境格格不入)感到别扭risk.on 在.冒风险never breathe a word 决不透露风声hold on 坚持;抓着.不放;别挂断P40solve a puzzle 解开谜题;解决难题join.to 把.和.连接或联结起来the southern part of 的南部break away (from sb/ sth) 脱离;背叛;逃脱a short

6、ened name 简称refer to.as 称.为belong to 属于work together 合作;共同努力military defence 军事防御education / legal system 教育/法律制度be surrounded by 被.围绕/围住take over 接管;控制;接收a great achievement 伟大/巨大成就P41leave behind 留下;超过;永久离开enter into 成为.的一部分;影响;进入keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意sort out 整理;理顺;把.安排好P42an underground

7、 car park 地下停车场a service desk 服务台fix ones eyes on 注视;凝视beautiful natural landscape 美丽的自然风光attend to 照料;处理;接待watch over 保护;照管;监督P43a historic tourist destination / attraction 历史古迹be eager to do sth 渴望做某事P44have a(n) .influence /impact/effect on对.影响a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴;赏心悦目的事物be dotted with 由点缀ma

8、ke up 创作;编写;构成breathe in 吸人;呼吸着It is not surprising that .并不奇怪stop by 顺路造访;过去坐坐more than likely / happy / welcome 非常可能/乐意/欢迎(用于强调所说的话)P45come out (太阳、月亮或星星)出现;显现P46a full description 详尽描述in ruins 毁坏;严重受损;破败不堪P47detailed / full description 详细的描述/说明take as an example 以为例P48a symbol of 的象征an art collec

9、tion 美术/艺术收藏品【教材金句】1.A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.Marcus Garvey (P37)一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就像一棵没有根的树。马库斯.加维2.Learning without understanding leads to confusion.(P38改)学而不思则罔。3.Down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries o

10、f the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(P44改)海边波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐。4.Birds greet the new day with their morning song.(P44改)鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天。5.Tomorrow the sun will set us on fire again for a new day! (P45改)明天，太阳又会让我们重振精神，迎接新的一天!6.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share th

11、e same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。7.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。8.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses.它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。9.The pe

12、aceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。10.With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions tha

13、t include music，dancing，and dining.乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点【写作素材】求助信必备词汇1.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难2.do sb.a favor/give sb.a hand 给某人帮助3.ask for help/seek for help 寻求帮助4.encounter some problems 遇到一些问题5.be busy/occupied/engaged in doing sth.忙于做某事7.make preparations fo

14、r.为某事做准备9.put.in use 学以致用10.let sb.down 让某人失望11.overcome the fear 克服恐惧12.be anxious/eager to do sth./long to do sth.渴望做某事13.take the trouble to do sth.费心地去做某事14.offer some constructive guidance提供一些有益的指导15.be grateful/thankful/appreciative to sb.for sth.因某事感激某人高分句式首段：请求帮助1.Now I am writing to ask you

15、 to give me a hand/do me a favor/lend me a hand.现在我写信请你帮我一个忙。2.I am writing in the hope that you will be kind enough to do me a favor.我希望你能帮我一个忙。3.I wonder if you could do me a fvour, this is the first time that my uncle visits us.我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，这是我叔叔第一次来访，所以我希望你能到机场接他。4.I wonder if you some Chinese

16、knots for me.I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials.我想知道你是否能帮我出售一些中国结，这是我自己用 红丝线、布等材料做的5.Would you like to do me a favor to have my draft polished?你愿意帮我润色草稿吗？中间段：描述具体困难1.1am encountering three problems which trouble me a lot.To begin with, Whats more, What troubles me mo

17、st is 我遇到的三个间题很困扰我，首先 另外最困扰我的是2.Unfortunately,I find/feel it quite/extremely difficult/hard to do with(使用形式宾语)不幸的是，我觉得做某事十分/非常难。3.lt is difficult/challenging for me to do sth.做某事是困难的/有挑战性的。4.I have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)doing sth.我做某事有困难。5.Doing sth is another terrible headache for me.(使用动

18、名词做主语） 做某事是另一件让我很头痛的事。6.I find myself struggling with sth.(使用find复合结构）我发现自己做某事有 困难。7.Faced with the above problems,I am anxious to get your help.Would you please offer me some advice on.?面对上述问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。请你给我一些建议。结尾段：希望得到帮助：1.I wonder if can help me with these difficulties.I really appreciate it if

19、you could help me ?我想知道你能不能帮我解决这些困难。如果你能帮助我，我真的很感激。2.I would appreciate it very much if you can offer me some necessary/timely help(give/lend me some practical/valuable advice)如果你能给我一些必要的帮助/及时的帮助（给我一些实用的/有价值的建议）。我会很感激。常见困难： 【生活方面】 与人相处 get along well with my classmates/ the new teacher / my parents.

20、和我的同学/新老师/父母相处把握时间 arrange and make good use of my everyday time for valuable things.安排和利用每天的时间去做有意义的事情 明确目标know the purpose of my life and the destination of my future in order to passionately live a purpose-driven life everyday.知道我生命的目的和未来的目标，以便每天充满激情地过着“目标驱动”的生活 【学习方面】 不懂语法have trouble in masteri

21、ng the advanced grammar rules and put them into use in my speaking and writing.在掌握复杂的语法规则并在口语和写作中运用它们时遇到了困难。进步太慢 find myself making progress not as fast as before, which has been annoying me for a long time.发现自己进步不如以前快了，这一直困扰着我。精力有限cant be passionate and energetic all day long so as to make every mo

22、ment meaningful and splendid.不可能整天都充满激情和活力，以便让每一刻都变得有意义和精彩。【必背语法】Grammar 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114P115)。观察例句1.Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.2.Come and read the poem written by an eightyearold b

23、oy!3.I felt myself often confused at first.4.She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.归纳用法一、过去分词作定语1.意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳2.位置单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词

24、短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。A watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。The student dressed in white is my daughter.The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。3.现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.我叔叔的那辆车上

25、周被盗了。The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。4.难点突破三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成being done被动的动作正在发生to be done被动的动作将要发生The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。It i

26、s said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。单句语法填空Some of the people (invite)to the party cant come.The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand)in one corner.The trees (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.【答案】1.invited 2.standing 3.blown二、过去分词作宾

27、语补足语1.过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。单句语法填空Youd better have your shoes (mend).The father wants his daughter (teach)the piano.【答案】1.mended2.taught2.几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)

28、(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple En

29、glish.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。名师点津“have宾语过去分词”可以表示三种含义：表示“让某人做某事”Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。做某事(主语可能参与其中)I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。The teacher doesn

30、t wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。单句语法填空I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.Id like the job (do)when I come back from the journey.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself (hea

31、r).【答案】1.knocked2.done3.heard3.“with宾语过去分词”结构在“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。单句语法填空An old man was brought in，with his hands (tie)behind his ba

32、ck.With all the work (do)，I feel very relaxed now.【答案】1.tied2.done4.过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：see宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）done看见被做（宾语与宾语补足语I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)I heard

33、her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：make宾语逻辑上的被动关系）（宾语与宾语补足

34、语之间为He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。have宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）done使被做/遭受（宾语与宾语have还可用于have sth.to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较withsth.to do（表示主动、将来）sth.done（表示被动、完成）Jo

35、hn received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。单句语法填空Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it (per

36、form)live is quite another.The boy made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.She fell asleep with the light (burn).【答案】1.being performed2.laugh3.burning课本词汇表1Confuciusknfju:sn.孔子2mansionmnnn.公馆;宅第3cemeterysemtrn.墓地;公墓4philosophyflsfn.哲学5descendantdsendntn.后裔;后代;子孙6individualndvdladj.单独的;个别的n.个人7h

37、eelhi:ln.足跟;（脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟8Achillesheel（喻)（希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟,致命的弱点9kingdomkdmn.王国;领域10chiefti:fadj.最重要的;最高级别的n.（公司或机构的)首领;酋长11puzzlepzln.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑12nearbynbaadj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近13lointo.把和连接或联结起来14break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱15belongblvi.应在（某处);适应16belong tobltu:属于17as well asz wel z同（一样也);和;还18

38、currencykrnsn.通货;货币19militarymltradj.军事的;军用的20defencedfensn.防御;保卫21legalli:gladj.法律的;合法的22surroundsrandvt.围绕;包围23evidenceevdnsn.证据;证明24achievementti:vmntn.成就;成绩;达到25locationlkenn.地方;地点;位置26conquerkk(r)vt.占领;征服;控制27battlebtln.战役;搏斗vi.vt.博斗;奋斗28portp:tn.港口（城市)29fascinatingfsnetadj.极有吸引力的;迷人的30keep you

39、r eyes open留心;留意 （for)31charget:dn.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电32announcenansvt.宣布;通知;声称33amountmantn.金额;数量34galleryglrn.（艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊35approachprtn.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近36ensuren(r)vt.保证;确保;担保37landscapelndskepn.（陆上,尤指乡村的)风景38generousdenrsadj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的39butterbt(r)n.黄油;奶油vt.涂黄油于40honeyhnn.蜂蜜41ancesto

40、rnsest(r)n.祖宗;祖先42positionpznn.位置;姿态;职位43courtyardk:tj:dn.庭院;院子44snacksnkn.点心;小吃45eageri:g(r)adj.热切的;渴望的46poetptn.诗人47countykantn.（英国、爱尔兰的)郡;（美国的)具48feastfi:stn.盛宴;宴会;节日49rollrlvi.vt.（使)翻滚;（使)滚动n.卷（轴);翻滚50dotdtn.点;小（圆)点vt.加点;遍布51cattlektln.牛52roarr:(r)vi.n.吼叫;咆哮53oceannn.大海;海洋54scentsentn.气味;气息55gre

41、etgri:tvt.问候;迎接56pubpbn.酒吧;酒馆57winewann.葡萄酒;果酒58beerb(r)n.（一杯)啤酒59stewstju:n.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜) vt.vi.炖;煨60customkstmn.风俗;习俗;习惯61sensorysensradj.感觉的;感官的62strikingstrakadj.引人注目的;显著的63transitiontrnznn.过渡;转变;变迁64crowdkradn.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使拥挤65Waleswelz威尔士（英国)66Scotlandsktlnd苏格兰（英国)67Northern Irelandn:n alnd北爱尔兰（英国)68Anglo- Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊人69Vikingvakn.维京人;北欧海盗70Normann:mnadj.诺曼式的;诺曼人的71the Normans诺曼人72Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役73Romanrmadj.古罗马的;罗马的n.古罗马人;罗马市民74Van Gogh梵高（荷兰画家)75the Emerald Isle绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称)76Irisharadj.爱尔兰的;爱尔兰人（或语)的9