初中英语人教新目标八年级上册Unit 2单词详解.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 2单词详解housework(U)n.家务劳动，家务事(复合名词)homework(U)n.家庭作业schoolwork(U)n.功课，学业paperwork (U)n.文书工作，文件do (the) housework做家务I spent all morning doing the housework.(宾语) 我整个上午都在做家务。I dont like doing housework.我不爱干家务。Its difficult to do houseworkwith the children under my feet all the time.(“with复合结构

2、”作原因状语)有孩子在身边缠着，我很难做家务事。Housework is a waste of their time.(主语)做家务是在浪费他们的时间。Maybe she can help with housework, too.(介宾) 或许她也可以帮忙做家事。I help my mother with her housework sometimes. 我有时候就帮妈妈做做家务。Do you find housework tiring and boring?(find宾语宾补/形容词短语)你是否觉得家务活又累又烦？hardly(adv.)几乎不，几乎没有(程度状语)(否定副词)(行前，系后情

3、助后)work hard努力工作(动词短语)hard work辛苦的工作(艰辛)(名词短语)The children were so excited they could hardly speak.（that略）孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。I can hardly believe it.这简直让我难以置信。There was hardly any (=very little) traffic.路上车少人稀。Dad ate hardly anything (=almost nothing)，did he?爸爸几乎没吃什么东西，是吗？ever(adv.)在任何时候，从来，曾经(时间状语)Yo

4、u never ever offer to help! 你从来都不主动帮忙！Nothing lasts for ever.没有什么是永恒的。As ever, Joe was late. 同往常一样，乔又迟到了。If youre ever in Seattle, come and see me.如果你什么时候到了西雅图，就来看我吧。Did you ever see him while you were in Paris?. 你在巴黎时曾见过他吗?Nobody ever comes to this part of the country. 没有人曾经来过该国这个地区Have you ever be

5、en to Paris?你去过巴黎吗？I dont think Ive ever been here before.（否定转移） 我觉得我以前从未到过这里。hardly ever几乎从不(副词短语/频度状语)alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomhardly evernever（很少）We hardly ever go out.我们几乎从不出门。She lives in Spain, so we hardly ever (=almost never) see her.她住在西班牙，所以我们几乎见不到她。once(adv.)一次，曾经at once立刻，马上；同时(时

6、间状语)once upon a time从前,很久以前(时间状语)Class meetings take place once a week.(频度状语) 班会每周举行一次。Once there lived an old man in a village. (时间状语)从前在一个村子里住著一位老人a once-famous doctor 一位曾享有盛名的医生twice(adv.)两次，两倍think twice(在决定做某事之前)再三考虑，慎重考虑（三思）We go camping twice a year.我们每年去宿营两次。The milkmaid milks the cows twice

7、 a day. 挤奶女工一天两次为奶牛挤奶。Imtwiceyour age.= Imtwiceas old as you are.(程度状语) 我的年龄比你大一倍Internet(n.)互联网，因特网(专有名词，与the连用)on the Internet在网上，通过因特网surf the Internet上网，网上冲浪You can find all kinds of information on the Internet.(介词短语作方式状语)在因特网上你可以找到各种信息。He bought the chairson the Internet. 他从网上买了这些椅子。More and mo

8、re companies are using the Internet to trade.(宾语)越来越多的公司在使用因特网做生意。I wenton the Internetto find some information for my assignment.（地点状语）我上网查找资料来写作业。program(C)n.(广播/电视)节目(=programme)Whats your favourite television programme?(主语)你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？Theres a programme about(on) killer whales next.(主语)接下来要播放一个

9、关于虎鲸的节目。see/watch a programme （观）看节目full(adj.)忙的(同busy)，满的(充满的)(反empty)，饱的(反hungry)be full of充满(同be filled with)I have a full day tomorrow.(定语) 我明天的事排得满满的。a full cup of tea 一满杯的茶Dont talkwith your mouth full.(with+宾语+宾补/with复合结构作方式或伴随状语）嘴里塞满东西时不要说话。Lifes full of surprises, isnt it?(表语)生活中总是有各种意想不到的事

10、，对吧？swing(C)n.摆动，秋千(vt./vi.)(使)摆动，摇摆swing dance摇摆舞kidsplaying on the swings荡秋千的孩子们(现在分词短语作后置定语)Its dangerous to jump off the swing.（不定式短语作真正的主语）从秋千上跳下来是很危险的。walkwith a swing 摇摇摆摆地走（介词短语作方式状语）Let your arms swing as you walk.(宾补) 边走边摆动双臂。a signswinging in the wind(现在分词短语作定语)在风中摇摆的指示牌maybe(adv.)大概，或许，可

11、能(美国英语，口语常用。英国英语用perhaps，比较正式)(可能性约50%)Maybe we can find a way out.(句子副词/评注状语)或许我们能想出一个办法来。way out(C)n.出路，解决问题的方法Maybe I can ride the bicycle and follow you.也许我可以骑自行车跟着你。He looked like he was thirty, maybe thirty-five years old.他看上去有30岁，也许35岁。least(adv.)最小，最少(adj.)(pron.)最小的，最少的Hes the least clever

12、in the class. (adv./程度状语)(参与构成最高级)他在班上最不聪明。He chose the least expensive hotel.他挑了一家最便宜的酒店。He is the best teacher,even though he has the least experience.(adj./定语)他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。He used to wakeat the least noise.(介词短语作原因状语）他以前总是有一点点动静就会醒过来。How others see me is the least of my worries.(pron.)(表语)别人怎

13、样看我，我一点儿都不在乎。Its the leastI can do to help.(定语从句)这是我所能帮忙做的最起码的事。at least至少，不少于，起码(程度状语)at most至多It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there.到那里至少要花20分钟。At least he didnt lie to me.至少他没跟我撒谎。junk(U)n.无用的东西，无价值的东西(垃圾)This cupboards full of junk.(介宾)这个壁橱里塞满了杂物。I bought this old table in a junk sho

14、p. (定语)我在旧货店里买了这张旧桌子。junk food垃圾食品He threw out all my junk food.他把我的垃圾食品全都扔了。Hamburgers are a kind of junk food.汉堡是垃圾食物。coffee(U/C)n.(一杯)咖啡Do you want a cup of coffee?你要来杯咖啡吗？Do you like your coffee white (=with milk) or black? (=without milk)（形容词短语作宾补）你的咖啡要加奶还是不加奶？Lets have a coffee. 我们喝杯咖啡吧They or

15、dered two coffees. (指种类和份数时是可数名词)他们叫了两杯咖啡。health(U)n.健康healthy(adj.)健康的，unhealthy(adj.)不健康的healthily(adv.)健康地(eat)；unhealthily(adv.)有病地，不健康地(be/stay/keep) in good health(保持)健康be/stay/keep healthy保持健康in poor health不健康(unhealthy)Im worried about my husbands health.(介宾)我担心我丈夫的健康状况。Early rising is good

16、for your health.早起对你的健康有益。result(C)n.结果，后果as a result结果，因此(插入语/连接状语)as a result of因为，作为的结果(原因状语)Accidents are usually the result of driving too fast.车祸通常是开车太快的结果。percent(n.)(=per cent)百分之(没有复数形式)Eighty percent of the park is desert.(主语)公园中百分之八十是沙漠。a 10 percent increase in house prices10%的房价上涨The dec

17、rease in sales was almost 20 percent.(表语)销售量差不多减少了20。online(adj.)(adv.)在线(的)，联网(的)go online上网All the citys schools will be online by the end of the year.(表语)到年底，市里的所有学校都会连接因特网。Instead of writing letters on paper, people communicate by sending e-mails and chattingon line.(方式状语)人们交流时不再用纸写信，而是发送邮件或在网上聊

18、天。instead of代替，而不是set up an online business/library(定语)开一家网店/网上图书馆television(U/C)n.电视节目，电视机Lucy turned on the television to watch the evening news.(介宾)露西打开电视观看晚间新闻。In the evenings I like to relax and watch television.(动宾)晚上，我喜欢放松下来，看看电视。Whats on television tonight?(在电视上播放)今晚有什么电视节目？although(conj.)虽然

19、，尽管，即使(不和but连用，可以连用yet, still)(引导让步状语从句)Athough it was cold, he did not make a fire in the stove.虽然很冷,他还是没有升起火炉Although she felt ill, she still went to work.她虽然觉得身体不舒服, 但仍然去上班了。Although he tried his best, he lost again this time.尽管他尽了全力，但是这次又输了。through(prep.)以，凭借(手段/媒介等)；穿过，透过He got the jobthrough m

20、y help. (方式状语)他经由我的帮助找到那个工作I heard about itthrough a friend.我是从一个朋友那里听说此事的。We made our way through the village to the farm.(地状)（行进）我们穿过村庄来到了农场。She smiled at him as he walked through the door.(地状)他从门口进来时，她朝他笑了。I could see herthrough the window.(地状)我透过窗户看到了她。mind(U/C)n.头脑，思想；心智(vt.)介意change ones mind改

21、变主意make up ones mind下定决心，拿定主意A plan began to form in his mind.一个计划开始在他的头脑里形成。The event is still fresh in most peoples minds.此事大多数人还记忆犹新。Mind and body are closely related.思想和肉体紧密相连。She has a quick mind.她思维敏捷。Would you mind my joining the sports club?（动名词复合结构作宾语）你介意我加入运动俱乐部吗？body(C)n.身体(pl.bodies)My f

22、ingers were numb and my whole body ached.(主语)我手指麻木，浑身疼痛。Your body temperature is higher in the daytime than at night.(定语)人的体温白天高于夜晚。Because your body is not used to that.(主语)因为你的身体不习惯这样。such(adj.)(pron.)这样的，那样的，类似的(作为形容词，修饰名词或名词短语)Theyre such nice people.(定语)他们真是好人。Its such a long way from here.它离这儿

23、太远了。I felt such an idiot.我觉得自己太傻了。theres no such person/thing 没有那样的人/物Such are the results. 结果就是那样(代词作主语)Such is life.人生就是这样。such as(习语)例如(引出同位语)，像这样(后置定语)Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular.(后置定语)米老鼠、史努比等卡通人物仍然流行。together(adv.)在一起，共同(方式状语)together with与.一起He and my

24、father were at school together.他和我父亲一起上过学。They decided to spend more time together.他们决定要花更多时间在一起。Before we all worked together, we laughed together.之前我们一起工作, 我们一起欢笑Together, we will make America strong again.（宾补）携起手来，我们要让美国再次强大。die(vi.)消失，灭亡，死亡dead(adj.)死的dying(adj.)垂死的death(U/C)n.死亡(事件)He died in 1

25、985 at the age of 76.他1985年去世，终年76岁。Her father died suddenly in an accident when she was only ten.她年仅10岁时父亲突然死于一场意外事故。She died young, at the age of 27.（形容词作状语）她27岁英年早逝。My uncle died a hero.（名词短语作状语）我叔叔死得很英勇。Did she die a natural death?她是自然死亡吗？(同源宾语)He died from overwork.他死于工作过劳。(外因)Mr. Black died of

26、 pneumonia today in hospital.布拉克先生因肺炎今天死于医院。(内因)writer(C)n.作者，作家write(vt./vi.)写，写作(wrote/written)a writer of childrens stories儿童故事作家a science-fiction writer科幻小说作家He is the writer of the letter.他就是写这封信的人。dentist(C)n.牙科医生go to the dentist去看牙医I hate going to the dentist.我讨厌去看牙医。Im afraid to go to the d

27、entist.我害怕去看牙医。The dentist pulled the wrong tooth for him.牙医帮他拔了错了牙。magazine(C)n.杂志，期刊He held a magazine in his hand.他手里拿着一本杂志。You can share newspapers, books and magazines.你可以分享报纸、书籍和杂志。They are talking about a magazine article.他们在谈论杂志中的文章。however(adv.)然而，不过(插入语/连接状语)(句首，句中或句末，用逗号隔开，转折/对比关系)(连接副词)L

28、ater, however, he made up his mind to do that.可是,后来他就下定决心去做了However, I will do it in my own way.可是,我将照我的方式去做than(prep.)(conj.)比(比较状语)She is more beautiful than us all. (prep.)她比我们大家都漂亮I like you better than him.我喜欢你甚于喜欢他 你比他更讨我喜欢I like you better than he (does). (conj.)我比他更喜欢你She woke even earlier t

29、han usual.(固定搭配)她甚至比平时醒得更早。more than多于(副词短语/程度状语)There are more than 20 pupilsplaying the computer gamesin Class 1 Grade 2.（现在分词短语作后置定语）在二年级一班有20多名学生玩电脑游戏。More than half of the class joined the English club.班级里有一多半的学生加入了英语俱乐部。almost(adv.)几乎，差不多(不和not，very连用)(程度状语)Suppers almost ready.晚饭就要做好了。It is a

30、lmost midnight.午夜将至。Hes almost as old as I am.他差不多跟我一样大。Marsha visits her son almost every day.玛莎几乎每天都去看望儿子。Almost no one believed that he was sick.几乎没有人相信他病了Almost all the people take interest in the new TV program.几乎所有的人都对这个新的电视节目感兴趣。none(pron.)没有一个，毫无(一点儿也没有，一个也没有)None of our passengers can chang

31、e this note.(主语)我们的乘客中没人能换开这张钞票。None of them (the students) know（或knows）anything about it yet.他们(那些学生)之中还没有人知道那件事。None of the milk is fresh.牛奶都不新鲜了。How many students are there in the dining room now?None!一个也没有！How much milk is there in the bottle?None！一点儿也没有了！less(adv.)较少，较小(adj.)(pron.)较少的，更少的less

32、and less越来越少Talk less,do more.少说，多做。(程度状语)less expensive/often价钱较便宜/不那么经常(adv.)(程度状语)You shoud eat more vegetables and less meat.(adj.)(定语)你应该多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。We have lessto worry about now.(pron.)(宾语)现在我们要担忧的事少了。less than少于(副词短语/程度状语)Only less than 70 percent of the students passed the exam.只有不到百分之七十的学生通过了

33、这次考试。point(C)n. 比赛或运动中的分数，得分，点(vt./vi.)指，指向point at指着(目标)point to指向(方向)point out指出(后接n./pron./宾语从句)He isthree pointsbehind the leader.（名词短语作程度状语）他落后领先者三分。win/lose a point赢/输一分You get three points for a win and one point for a draw.赢了得三分，打平得一分。They won on points.他们以点数获胜。two point five 二点五(2.5)(小数点)a

34、point on a map 地图上的一点He pointed his finger at me. 他用手指指著我。Dont point at me with your finger!不要用你的手指指着我！The big sign points south (points to the south).那块大告示牌指向南方。American Teenager美国青少年teenager(C)n.青少年，十几岁的孩子（13到19岁的）teenage(adj.)青少年的，十几岁的(前置定语)(U)n.青少年时期teenage girls/problems/magazines十几岁的少女/青少年的问题/青少年杂志teen(C)n.青少年，十几岁的孩子(同teenager)(adj.)青少年的，十几岁的(同teenage)teens(pl.)十几岁，青少年时期in ones teens(某人)十几岁8