初中英语人教新目标八年级上册Unit 3单词详解.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 3单词详解outgoing(adj.)爱交际的，友好的，外向的(more outgoing / most outgoing)go out出去，熄灭，过时He is an outgoing and lively person.(定语)他是个性格开朗而又活泼的人both(adj.)(pron.)两个，两个都(用作形容词，置于定冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格前)(用作代词作同位语时在句中位置“行前，系后，情助后”)Both Helens parents are doctors.(定语)海伦的父母都是医生。Both (the/these) answers are

2、right. (定语)这两个答案都正确。Both answers are not right.两个答案不都正确。（部分否定）I lost both my gloves.我把两个手套都丢了。I dont want both books.我并不是两本书都要(我只要一本)on both sides of the street 在街道的两边Both (of) my grandfathers are farmers.我的祖父和外祖父都是农民。I do not know both of them. (宾语)他们两位我并不是都认识。(部分否定)I want them both. (同位语)它们两个我都要。T

3、hey both wanted to take a bath. (同位语)他们两个都想淋浴both (conj.)和都；不仅而且；既又Hes lived in both Britain and America.他在英国和美国都生活过。She can both speak and write Japanese.她会用日语说和写。Both he and his wife enjoy tennis.他和他妻子都喜欢打网球。better(adj.)(adv.)(good和well的比较级)较好的(地)，更好的(地)Your tape player is better than mine.(表语)你的录

4、音机比我的好。He is better at badminton than me(I).他比我擅长打羽毛球。He did it much better than I. (方式状语)他做得比我好多了。He speaks French better than before.(方式状语)他法语比以前讲得更好。loudly(adv.)喧闹地，大声地，响亮地(方式状语)（强调声音大令人讨厌或打扰到别人）loud(adj.)喧闹的，大声的，响亮的aloud(adv.)出声地，大声地（与read, say；cry, call, shout连用）loud(adv.)大声地，响亮地（与speak, talk,s

5、ing,laugh连用）(强调音量大)We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。She suddenly shouts loudly to the Farmer.突然她大声地对农夫叫了起来。You cant talk loudly in the library.在图书馆内不能大声喧哗。She always knocks on the door loudly.她总是大声地敲门。quietly(adv.)轻声地，轻柔地，安静地(方式状语)quiet(adj.)安静的，文静的(be/keep quiet)Rosa shut

6、the door quietly.罗莎悄悄关上门。Im sorry, she said quietly.“对不起。”她轻声说道。Can you play quietly because mommys sick?妈妈很不舒服，你能安静点玩吗？He sat there quietly, watching TV.（现在分词短语作伴随状语）他静静地坐在那里，看着电视。hard-working(adj.)工作努力的，辛勤的(more，most)hard work辛苦的工作，努力奋斗，艰辛(名词短语)work hard努力工作(动词短语)a hard-working teacher努力工作的老师(定语)A

7、lthough he is hard-working, he earns less.(表语)他虽然工作努力，但赚得少。competition(U)n.竞争(C)n.竞赛，比赛compete(vi.)竞争，比赛，对抗（for/against）competitor(C)n.竞争者competitive(adj.)竞争(性)的，有竞争力的in competition with与竞争There is keen competition between the two nations.(主语)两家国之间存在着激烈的竞争。Sometimes theres a lot of competition betwe

8、en childrenfor their mothers attention.（介词短语作目的状语）为了得到母亲的关注，有时孩子之间会争得很厉害。There will be a chess competition next week.下个星期有一场国际象棋比赛。More than 200 players took part in theswimmingcompetition (动名词作定语)有200多名运动员/选手参加了这次游泳比赛。about/around/more than+基数词=大约数（作定语）fantastic(adj.)极好的，了不起的(此义无比较级和最高级)You did a f

9、antastic job!你干得太好了！(定语)We went to a fantastic restaurant last night.昨晚我们去了一个很棒的餐馆。What a fantastic idea!这个主意太妙了！(wonderful)which(pron.)(adj.)哪一个，哪一些(有限定范围)Which book are you looking for?(形容词作定语)你在找哪本书？Which should I use forwhich food?代词作宾语形容词作定语该用哪种餐具盛哪一道食物呢？Which is your father in this photo ?. (代

10、词作表语)在这张照片中哪一个是你父亲 ?Wich (of the flowers) do you like best ? (代词作宾语)(在这些花中)你最喜欢那一朵 ?clearly(adv.)清楚地，清晰地，明白地(方式状语)(more,most)clear(adj.)清楚的，明白的，清晰的Please speak loudly, I cant hear you clearly.请大声说，我听不清你说的话。It is difficult to see clearly at dust.（不定式短语作真正的主语）在黄昏时很难看清东西。Theyll help you see the birds m

11、ore clearly.（不带to的不定式短语作宾补）它们会帮助你更加清晰地观鸟。win(vt./vi.)(won/won)获胜，赢，赢得(C)n.胜利，赢winner(C)n.胜者反义词lose(vt./vi.)输掉比赛、辩论、选举、战争等beat(vt.)击败，战胜（宾语是对手，个人，团体）I never winat cards.我打牌从来不赢。（介词短语作方面状语）We wonby just one point.我们只赢了一分。（介词短语作程度状语）He is sure to win. 他一定会赢win a battle(war, race)在战斗(战争,赛跑)中获胜win the fi

12、rst place (prize) 获得第一名(头奖)though(adv.)不过，可是，然而(连接副词/连接状语，置于句末，用逗号隔开)(conj.)虽然，尽管(引导让步状语从句，不与but连用)The work was hard, I enjoyed it, though.那工作辛苦,不过,我感到愉快It sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather dangerous though?（相当）听上去很有趣。可是这不是也很危险吗？Though shes almost 40, she still plans to compete.尽管已经快40岁了，她仍然打

13、算参加比赛。She has to take care of her younger brothers, though she is only ten.她虽然才十岁,却必须照顾弟弟们。talented(adj.)有才能的，有才干的talent(U/C)n.天赋，才能，才艺(U)n.天才，人才be talented in sth.在某方面有天赋(have a talent for sth.)Everyone wants to meet this talented writer.(定语)人人都想见见这位才华横溢的作家。Tim isnt more talented than John, though.

14、(表语)然而蒂姆并不比约翰有天份。The world is filled with talented poor people.世界上到处都是有才华的穷人。You are very talented in maths.(表语)你在数学上很有天赋。truly(adv.)真正，确实(状语/强调)true(adj.)真实的，符合事实的，真正的truth(S)n.(the truth)真相，实情(tell the truth说实话)truthful(adj.)真实的，诚实的truthfully(adv.)如实地The dog is truly mans best friend.狗的确是人类最好得朋友。y

15、ou truly are an artist.你是个货真价实的艺术家。Is it possible to truly know another person?真正了解另一个人可能吗？care(vt./vi.)在意，担忧(U)n.小心，谨慎；照顾，照料，护理take care保重，珍重；小心(be careful/look out/watch out)(均为口语短语)take care of照顾，照料(同look after/care for)care for照顾，非常喜欢careful(adj.)小心的，谨慎的(about/with)careless(adj.)粗心的，马虎的，不小心的She

16、didnt care what her father thought.她不在乎她父亲怎么想。She felt that nobody cared.她觉得没有人在乎。I dont care if you go or not.我不在乎你去或不去。They shared the care of the children.他们共同照顾孩子。She held the glasswith great care.（介词短语作方式状语）她非常小心地拿着那只杯子。care about关心，在意He cares a lot about the childrens health.他非常关心孩子们的健康。Nobody

17、 truly cares about when to go on vacation.（疑问词加不定式结构作宾语）没有人真正关心何时去度假。laugh(vi.)笑，发笑(C)n.笑声laughter(U)n.笑(声)laugh at嘲笑give a laugh发笑have a good laugh大笑laugh at a funny story 听到滑稽的话而笑(at表示原因)Dont laugh at the disabled.不要嘲笑残疾人。Nora laughed so much that she nearly cried.（引导结果状语从句）诺拉笑得眼泪都快出来了。serious(adj

18、.)(人)严肃的(不苟言笑的)，稳重的，认真的；(情况、问题、事故等)严重的seriously(adv.)严肃地，认真地seriousness(U)n.严肃，认真，严重be serious about sth.认真对待某事(同take sth. seriously)a serious teacher严肃的老师Is she serious about giving up her job?她要辞职是认真的吗？the serious problem of unemployment严重的失业问题Luckily, the damage was not serious.还好，损坏不算严重。mirror(C

19、)n.镜子When I looked in the mirror I couldnt believe it. I looked fantastic!我看着镜子简直不敢相信，我看上去棒极了！She looked at herself in the mirror.她照了照镜子kid(C)n.小孩，年轻人(同child)Hes married with three kids.他已婚，有三个孩子。A neighbor volunteered to keep an eye on the kids.一位邻居主动来照看这些小孩。college kids大学生as long as(conj.)只要(引导条件状

20、语从句)(主将从现/主情从现)，既然(引导原因状语从句)Any book will do as long as it is interesting.只要是有趣的,任何书都可以。（主将从现）You can go out to play as(so) long as you stay in the back yard.你可以出去玩，只要不出后院。（主情从现）You can use the Internet as long as you use it for study.只要你用它来学习你就可以使用因特网。as long as twelve years长达十二年necessary(adj.)必须的，

21、必要的(通常作表语，也用作定语)(pl.)necessaries（生活）必需品(more,most)unnecessary(adj.)不必要的necessarily(adv.)必要地，必须地Light and water are necessary to plants.光和水对植物是必要的。Is it necessary for you to be so strict with his children?.你有必要那样严格地对待他的孩子们吗?You may use it again, when necessary.必要时你可以再用它I will go with you, if necessar

22、y.如有必要,我会跟你一起去be different from与不同，与有差异difference(U/C)n.差异，不同be different in在某方面不同be similar to与像(类似)(be similar in在某方面类似)the same as与相同Our sons are very different from each other.我们家几个儿子大不相同。Their homes are completely different from ours.他们的家与我们的完全不一样。Her jackets different to mine.她的上衣和我的不一样。bring

23、out使显现，使表现出bring out the best/worst in somebody把某人最好的一面显露出来/把某人最坏的一面暴露出来The brown one brings out your eyes.棕色可以突显你的眼睛。It seems you two bring out the best of one another.(数词作同位语)看来你们俩能互相激励出对方最好的一面。grade(C)n.成绩，分数(同mark)get good grades取得好成绩He got a grade A in maths. 他数学得了个A。Tim worked hard and got goo

24、d grades.蒂姆努力学习，取得了好成绩。Mary always gets a high grade in math.玛丽在数学上总是得到高分。should(modal v./情态动词)应该，应当，可以（无人称和数的变化）You should read his new book.你应该读一读他的新书。(建议)What should I do?我该怎么办？(征求意见)You shouldnt speak so loudly.你不该那样大声说（出于义务或责任）You should ask the teacher for help.(建议)你可以向老师求助。the same as和相同，与一致S

25、he was born on the same day as me.她和我同一天出生。Your pen is the same as mine.你的钢笔和我的一样。Its also the same as doing nothing.那和什么也不做也没什么两样。He looks the same as usual to me.（如常，照常）我觉得他看起来跟平常一样啊。saying(C)n.格言，谚语，警句You cant judge a book by its cover, as the old saying goes.老话说得好，人不可貌相。There is an old saying th

26、at time is money. (that引导同位语从句)古谚说时间就是金钱。reach(vi./vt.)伸手以碰触或提起某物，到达reach for sbs hand伸手帮某人一把Kelly reached for his gun. 凯利伸手拿枪。Luisa reached out her hand to stroke the cat.路易莎伸手去抚摸猫。Shes too small to reach the table.她个子太小，够不到桌子。We reached London late at night.我们深夜到达伦敦。hand(C)n.手(vt.)传，递；交；给(双宾动词)han

27、d in hand手挽手made by hand 手工做的write a letter by hand手写一封信He held the classwith both hands.（介词短语作方式状语）他双手捧着杯子。 He handed the teacher a piece of paper.(to)他递给老师一张纸。touch(vt.)触摸，感动touching(adj.)（物）动人的，感人的touched(adj.)（人）受感动的She reached out to touch his arm.她伸手去碰他的胳膊。A hand touched her on the shoulder.有一

28、只手碰了一下她的肩膀。He touched itwith his umbrella. （介词短语作方式状语）他用雨伞去碰触它The story touched him deeply. 那故事深深地感动了他heart(C)n.内心，心脏Regular exercise is good for the heart.经常锻炼对心脏有好处。Can you hear my heart beating?（现在分词作宾补）你能听见我的心跳吗？His heart is full of anger.他的内心充满愤怒。He left the country with a heavy heart .他心情沉重地离开

29、了那个国家。a woman with a heart of gold 有着一颗金子般的心的女人fact(C)n.现实，事实The book is full of facts about the World Cup.这本书全是有关世界杯的真实信息。It is a fact that every language changes. (it作形式主语，that引导主语从句)每一种语言都在变,这是事实。The divorce rate is twice as high as in the 1950s thats a fact.现在的离婚率是20世纪50年代的两倍事实就是如此。in fact确切地说，事

30、实上，实际上(评注状语/插入语)(同as a matter of fact)I know the mayor really well. In fact, I had dinner with her last week.我跟市长很熟，事实上，我上周还和她一起吃过饭呢。break(vt./vi.)(broke/broken)(使)破，裂，碎，损坏break down出故障break into强行闯入(及物)break out(战争，灾难，瘟疫等)爆发break off中断说话break in闯入(不及物)I had to break a window to get into the house.我

31、只得打破一扇窗户进屋。He broke the biscuit in half and handed one piece to me.他把饼干掰成两半，递了一块给我。She broke the cup into pieces. 她把杯子打破成碎片。The cup broke (to)into pieces. 杯子破成碎片。Dont touch it; it breaks easily.不要碰它, 它容易破碎。arm(C)n.手臂，上肢Dave has a broken arm.戴夫手臂断了。He has a tattoo on his left arm.他左臂上有刺青(纹身)。Tims mot

32、her put her arms around him.蒂姆的母亲伸出双臂搂着他。Pat is carrying a box under his arm. 帕特腋下挟着一个盒子。He had a pile of books in his arms.他抱着一摞书。They walked along the beach arm in arm.他们臂挽臂走在沙滩上。She took him by the arm and pushed him out of the door.她抓住他的胳膊将他推出门外。share(vt.)分享，共享，共用，分摊(with,between, among)We dont

33、have enough books, so youll have to share.我们书不够，所以你们得合着用。The three of us shared a taxi.我们三个人合乘一辆计程车。I share an office with my colleagues.我和同事们共用一间办公室。I own the house, but we share the bills.房子是我的，但我们分摊账单。loud(adj.)响亮的，大声的(adv.)大声地，响亮地(方式状语/连用speak, talk,sing,laugh)He answered in a loud voice.他大声地回答。

34、a loud party 喧闹的社交聚会Could you speak a little louder?(方式状语)你能不能说得大声点？laugh/read out loud笑出声/朗读(出声地)similar(adj.)相像的，类似的be similar to与相像，类似The two products look quite similar.这两种产品看上去很相似。Her ideas are quite similar to mine.她的观点和我的很相似。The two cars are very similar in size and design.这两辆汽车大小和设计都非常相似。pri

35、mary(adj.)小学教育的，初级教育的最初的，最早的primary school小学primary education小学教育a primary teacher一名小学老师My little girl is at primary school.我小女儿在上小学。In 2014, nearly 20 percent of children did not complete primary education.2014年，约20%的儿童未完成小学教育。a primary tumor早期肿瘤information(U)n.信息，消息He provided me with several useful pieces of information.他向我提供了好几条有用的信息。For more information, visit our website.欲知详情请访问我们的网站。In order to fight diseases, scientists need information.为了对抗疾病, 科学家们需要信息。in order to do sth.（习语）目的是，为了，以便。There might be some really useful information in there.那里面可能有一些非常有用的信息。8