2021年河南中考英语复习练习课件：14专题十四短文填空.pptx

1、 中考英语 （河南专用） 第一部分 基础知识运用 专题十四 短文填空 A组 河南中考题组 一、一、(2020河南) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 1 playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 2 keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from

2、my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 3 complete map again.But within several minutes, she was standing 4 front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it

3、so quickly and easily. She smiled and said,“Oh, Dad, 5 is a mans face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely.” Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿另辟蹊径,机智地完成拼图任务令父亲瞠目结舌的故 事。转换一种方式可以

4、轻松解决复杂问题! 1.was 本题考查时态。根据前一句中I was reading.可知,此处的时态也应该是过去进行时。 2.to 本题考查不定式。此处动词不定式表示目的,意思是“为了”。 3.a 本题考查不定冠词。a complete map一张完整的地图,a表泛指。 4.in 本题考查介词。in front of 在的前面,为固定短语。 5.there 本题考查there be句型。there be.表示“有”。 长难句长难句 My little girl was playing around me,which made my reading impossible. 我的小女儿在我身边玩

5、耍,这使得我 不能看书。 本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。关系代词which指代主句“我的小女儿在我身边玩耍”这件 事。 重点词汇重点词汇 cut.into.把剪成;put.together把拼到一起 二、二、(2020河南中考新题型示例一) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 I think I have the greatest friends in the world. They are just 1 important to me as family. In fact, they are my family, really. My best frien

6、ds and I all grew 2 together and shared so many experiences together. I would do anything for my friends and Im sure theyd do anything for me. Im sure theres nothing in the world 3 could stop us from being friends. I have also made lots of other good friends from university and the different places

7、I 4 worked. They are also important to me. We are now all over the world and its sometimes difficult 5 meet each other, but we stay in touch. One day Id like to get all of my friends to- gether for a big party. Thatd be great fun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 文章介绍了我和朋友的友谊。 1.as as.as.是固定搭配。句意:对我来说,他

8、们就和我的家人一样重要。 2.up grow up是固定搭配,表示“长大,成长”。 3.that 此处引导定语从句,指代nothing,故用that。 4.have 通读全句可知,此处时态为现在完成时,故填助动词have。 5.to 由句式Its+adj.+to do sth.可知此处填to。 三、三、(2020河南中考新题型示例二) 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Friends are just as important to me as family. In fact, they are my family, really. I think I have

9、 1 greatest friends in the world. My best friends and I all grew up together and shared so many experiences togeth- er. I 2 do anything for my friends and Im sure theyd do anything for me. Im sure 3 is nothing in the world that could stop us from being friends. I have also made lots of other good fr

10、iends from university and the different places I have worked. They 4 also important to me. We are now all over the world and 5 sometimes difficult to meet each other, but we stay in touch. One day Id like to get all of my friends together for a big party. Thatd be great fun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案答案 语篇解读

11、语篇解读 文章介绍了我和朋友的友谊。 1.the 此处考查冠词的用法。形容词最高级前需要用定冠词。 2.would 此处考查情态动词。由下文的theyd do和此处的并列关系可以判断填would。would在文中表 示意愿,意为“愿意”。 3.there 此处为there be句型。 4.are 此处为主系表结构,缺少系动词且they为复数,故填are。 5.its 由句式Its+adj.+to do sth.可知此处填its。 一、一、(2020广东) 请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She

12、is only ten years old, 1 she has big ideas of helping other kids. Jane took part in a winter camp 2 the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didnt have new clothes to 3 and toys to play with. After she returned home, s

13、he kept thinking about 4 to do to help those kids. One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise 5 to help their friends. Then she came up with an 6 . With the help of her mother, Jane 7 up her first lemonade stand(摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although

14、it was only a 8 money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saw smiles on 9 faces. B组 20162020年全国中考题组 After that, her mother helped her start a program called Janes Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised 10 than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothe

15、s, toys and books for the poor kids. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了一个热心肠的小女孩简。在一次冬令营活动中,简探访 了一些贫穷地区的小孩后,萌发了帮助这些孩子的想法。 1.but 句意:虽然她只有十岁,但她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法。本题考查连词。前半句中的only ten years old 和后半句中的has big ideas形成对比转折关系。故填but。 2.at 句意:八岁时,简参加了一个冬令营。本题考查介词。at the age of 在岁时,为固定短语。故填

16、 at。 3.wear 句意:她感到很伤心,那里的孩子没有新衣服穿,没有玩具玩。本题考查动词。wear new clothes穿 新衣服。 4.what 句意:回到家之后,她一直在想做些什么去帮助那些孩子。本题考查“特殊疑问词+to do”结构。 what to do做些什么。 易错分析易错分析 本题易误填how,但how to do 后面必须要跟宾语。如: I dont know how to do my homework.。 5.money 句意:他们想筹钱来帮助他们的朋友。本题考查名词。raise money筹集资金。 6.idea 句意:然后,她想出了一个主意。本题考查名词。come

17、up with an idea想出一个主意。 知识拓展知识拓展 come up with 想出, 后面常跟的名词有 idea、 way和solution等。 7.set 句意:在妈妈的帮助下,简第一次摆了一个柠檬水摊档。本题考查动词短语。set up成立,建立。 set up a stand 摆摊。故填set。 8.little 句意:虽然只有一点点钱,但她用它帮助了12个孩子!本题考查限定词。根据句子的转折关系可知, 钱很少。a little 少量的,在此处限定不可数名词money。 9.their 句意:当她看到他们脸上的笑容时,她感到非常激动。本题考查代词。设空处后为名词faces, 前

18、面 需要形容词性物主代词修饰。根据前句中的12 kids可知,此处说的是他们的脸。故填their。 10.more 句意:到目前为止,她已经募集了17,000多美元。more than 超过。 重点词汇重点词汇 take part in 参加;at the age of 在岁时;think about 考虑;raise money 筹集资金;with the help of 在的帮助下;set up 设立,建立;up till now 到现在为止 二、二、(2020吉林) 根据短文内容,补全下面的语段,每空一词。 New Greeting Ways The novel coronavirus

19、has made a big difference 1 our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the 2 people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Lets 3 at them. In France and Italy, people learn to use their 4 to greet people inste

20、ad of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake 5 rather than shake hands. An official from WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai “wai” and bumping elbows. What do you think of these new greetings? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 1.to 根据短文可知,新冠病毒使我们的生活发生了很大的变化。make a big diff

21、erence to对有重大影 响。 2.way(s)/style(s) 根据短文第一段中的“it has also changed the way people greet each other”和“people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知本题答案。 3.look 由短文第一段最后一句“Lets take a look.”可知本题答案。 4.eyes 由短文第二段第五句中的“simply looking into a persons eyes can be a greeting”可知本题答案。 5.fe

22、et 由短文第五段最后一句“They dont shake hands, but try to shake feet.”可知本题答案。 三、三、(2020重庆) 根据下面短文内容,在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。 We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative(消极的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those 1 and go ahead. Do What We Ca

23、n Control One thing we can control is doing what we caneating healthily, exercising, reading, and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help 2 to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the 3 direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we cant

24、control. Take Calculated(预料到的) Risks Success doesnt come 4 risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calcu- lated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and 5 your own business. The thought is a start. But one d

25、ay, you cant stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you havent really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you 6 want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk. Dont Be Afraid of Failure Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. Ho

26、wever, he 7 many times. Did you know Edi- son created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, thats because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step 8 to success. Think of failures as milestones(里程碑) towards success. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读

27、本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们每个人都想过上梦想的生活,但有时总会有一些消极的想 法阻碍了我们。文章就如何忽视这些消极想法,继续前进给出三条建议,即做一些我们可以控制的事情,冒 预料到的风险,不要害怕失败。 1.ideas 本题考查名词。此处指上文提到的negative ideas,故填写ideas。 2.us 本题考查代词。根据上一句的主语we可知,此处应该填we 的宾格us。 3.right 本题考查固定短语。 in the right direction向着正确的方向。 4.without 本题考查介词。根据本段的小标题“冒预料到的风险”可知,此处的句意是“成功的来临没 有不伴随风险的”

28、。 5.starting 本题考查动词。根据空前的“你在梦想放弃你讨厌的工作”可知,此处指“自己创业”。 6.never 本题考查副词。结合下一句“所以以一个小的风险开始吧”可知,本句指“这个风险如此之大 以至于很可能使你永远不想再冒险”。 7.failed 本题考查动词。根据本段标题和空后的内容可知,此处意思为“然而,他失败了许多次”。故填 failed。 8.closer 本题考查副词。one step closer to success 距成功又近了一步。 长难句长难句 One thing we can control is doing what we caneating healthi

29、ly, exercising, reading, and getting enough sleep. 我们可以控制的一件事情是做我们能做的事情吃健康的食物、锻炼、阅读和获得充足的睡眠。 本句的主语是One thing,we can control作定语,修饰先行词One thing,what we can作doing的宾语。 重点词汇重点词汇 control v.控制;failure n.失败;失败的人或事物 四、四、(2020四川南充) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein is a genius(天才). This story

30、 about him shows that hes also humorous. Einstein often received 1 (invite) to explain his ideas at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him,“Its a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.” One evening, on their way to 2 university, Einstein said,“Im so tire

31、d. I wish I could avoid giving my lec- ture(讲座) tonight, Hans, but I dont want to make my listeners 3 (disappoint).” “I know what to do,” said Hans. “I can give the lecture for you. You can trust 4 (I). Ive listened to your lecture so many times that Ive learnt it by heart. No one 5 (know) you at th

32、is university, so they won t find out.” So, they changed places. At the university, Hans was 6 (lead) to the front of the hall. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture 7 difficulty, and joined in the applause(掌声) at the end. However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “Id like 8 (ask)

33、you a question.” He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about. Einstein turned pale. “Oh no!”he thought. “Now were in trouble.” 9 Hans just laughed and said, “Thats such an easy question that even my driver can answer it. Hans, please.” Einstein stood up and

34、an- swered the question 10 (perfect). They left the university, with Einstein driving. A little later, Hans offered to drive. “No,” laughed Einstein. “Its a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 1.invitations 句意:爱因斯坦经常收到不同大学的邀请去讲解他的想法。此处的“邀请”是名词,应用复 数形式,故填in

35、vitations。 2.a 句意:一天晚上,在他们去一所大学的路上。此处表示泛指,且university以辅音音素开头,故填a。 3.disappointed 此处表示“我不想使我的听众失望”。故填disappointed。 4.me 此处表示“你可以相信我”。动词后接宾格。故填me。 5.knows 此处表示“在这所大学,没有人认识你,所以他们不会发现”。No one是第三人称单数,故填knows。 6.led 句意:在这所大学,汉斯被带到大厅的前面。“be+过去分词”表被动。故填 led。 7.without 爱因斯坦坐下听汉斯毫无困难地作演讲。此处表示“没有”,故填without。 8

36、.to ask 我想问你一个问题。would like to do sth.想做某事,故填to ask。 9.But 爱因斯坦很慌张,但是汉斯很从容。故填 But。 10.perfectly 句意:爱因斯坦站起来,完美地回答了那个问题。此处用副词修饰动词,故填perfectly。 一、一、(2019云南昆明) 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空,使语篇意思完整,必要时请用否定式。 While some people stick to only 1 (first) kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds depending on how I fee

37、l that day. When Im down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. Comedies or cartoons have funny dialog and 2 (usual) have a happy ending. The characters may not be perfect, but they do 3 (them) best to solve the problems. 4 (after)watching them, I find the problems suddenly seem less seriou

38、s and feel much better. Laughing for two hours is a good way 5 (relax)! I dont watch dramas or documentaries when Im sad or tired.Dramas make me feel even 6 (sad). Docu- mentaries 7 (provide)plenty of information about a certain subject, but when Im tired I dont want to think C组 教师专用题组 too much. I d

39、ont mind action movies when Im too tired to think. I can just shut off my brain, sit back and en- joy 8 (watch)an exciting superhero. Once in a while, I like to watch scary 9 (movie). They can be fun, but Im too scared to watch them alone, so I always bring my brother. He 10 (are) afraid of these ki

40、nds of movies, and I dont feel so scared with him. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文描述了作者在不同的情绪状态下对不同类型电影的选择。 1.one 本题考查数词。one kind of一种。表示数量应该用基数词one。 2.usually 本题考查副词。形容词usual后加-ly变为副词,意为“通常”,usually作为频度副词修饰后面的 have。 3.their 本题考查物主代词。do ones best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事,应把人称代词的宾格them 改

41、为形容词性物主代词their。 4.After 本题考查介词。此处在句首,首字母要大写。 5.to relax 本题考查非谓语动词。a way to do.做的方法。 6.sadder 本题考查形容词的比较级。由空前的副词even可知,戏剧会让作者的情绪更不好,因此要用sad 的比较级。 7.provide 本题考查动词。表达客观事实用一般现在时,而主语Documentaries为复数,因此用动词原形 provide。 8.watching 本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.享受做某事。 9.movies 本题考查名词。文中所指的电影并不是具体哪一部恐怖电影,而是泛指此类电影

42、,因此需要用 复数形式。由后一句的主语They也可推断出答案。 10.isnt 本题考查主谓一致和否定句。主语He是第三人称单数,其后的be动词用is;同时根据上下文可知, 作者喜欢和哥哥一起看恐怖片,因为哥哥不会感到害怕,因此要用否定形式。 二、二、(2019天津) 根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge(挑战). They didnt have a school for their kids. Then the village elde

43、r thought of an i 1 . He said that there was an old, abandoned(废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p 2 with his suggestion and started the project immediately. The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d 3 the ho

44、use into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s 4 working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant. So the children of Mhangeni decided to

45、finish the house by t 5 . They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didnt want to delay(耽搁)their studies. Every day they were busy with work like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木). The news about the project s 6 and many people knew it. Two teachers

46、 who worked for the countrys De- partment of Education arrived to help out, and two foreign visitors were also touched(感动)by the childrens a 7 . They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery. After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r 8 . The kids were very happy but a bit worrie

47、dthey were behind in their studies. Besides(除之外)this, they also faced many d 9 . There were not enough classrooms to hold all the stu- dents. And two or three students had to share one book. However, the children are happy to study in schoole 10 in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在非洲的一个小山村里发生的事。这个地方没有学校,村民 们经过重重困难,把一个废弃的农舍改造成教室。他们的事迹感动了很多人,人们纷纷伸出援助之手,使孩 子们实现了就近上学的梦想。