2021届高考语法填空专题解题技巧点拨和考点总结（74张PPT）.ppt

1、 高考语法填空高考语法填空 解题解题 技巧技巧 高考语法填空题两类“空”：高考语法填空题两类“空”： 纯空格纯空格 （5-6个）个） 给词空给词空 (4-5个）个） 1.谓语谓语 (动词动词: 时态语态时态语态) 2.非谓语非谓语 (动词动词:to do/doing/done) 3.词类转换词类转换(名名形形副副) 冠、代、介、连冠、代、介、连 考查方式考查方式 一一根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定词性词性 动词动词 名词名词 形容词形容词 副词副词 冠词冠词 介词介词 连词连词 代词代词 词性词性 一一 般般 有有 提提 示示 词词 无无 提提 示示 词词 二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二

2、根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形 冠词冠词 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词 并列句及复合句并列句及复合句 非谓语非谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形及变形 谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主谓一致 连词连词 介词介词 介词的常用用法及词组搭配介词的常用用法及词组搭配 词性变化词性变化 词汇词汇, 构词法构词法 谓语动词谓语动词 代词代词 人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，人称代词，物主代词，不定代词， 指示代词，反身代词指示代词，反身代词 根据语义根据语义, 确定词确定词形形 分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性 解题四步走 提示：四步

3、走归根到 底其实就是寻找依 据每一个语法填空 的空格里所需的单词 或短语其实都可以在 所在的句子中或 者上下文中找到 它的依据 通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意 检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯 动词动词 谓语动词谓语动词 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构 1. I was certain she would like it because I 39 _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2. His fear of failure 36_ (keep) him from classroom games

4、 that other children played with joyous abandon. was told kept 考查语法点考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主谓一致 例例1He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called found 例例2Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. but th

5、e man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week were told 例例3He suddenly appeared in class one day He walked in as if he _ (buy) the schoolhe was from New York City. 分析分析由由as if(好像好像)可知，可能用虚可知，可能用虚 拟语气；由语境可知，他是新来的同学，不拟语气；由语境可知，他是新来的

6、同学，不 可能是买下了学校，故用虚拟语气；这是叙可能是买下了学校，故用虚拟语气；这是叙 述过去的事，与过去事实相反，用过去完成述过去的事，与过去事实相反，用过去完成 时，故填时，故填had bought 助动词助动词 构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的 疑问句和否定句的疑问句和否定句的do, does, did。 例例1 How much _ he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now? did 强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的 谓语动词的谓语动词的do, doe

7、s, did。 例例2To tell you the truth, Tom _ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me. did 构成部分倒装的构成部分倒装的do, does, did。 例例3 Not only _ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others. does 常用情态动词的基本用法。常用情态动词的基本用法。 例例4I _ have gone to the school library, but it rai

8、ned heavily, so I did not. 分析分析表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没 有做”，用有做”，用should have done sth. 表示，故填表示，故填 should。 非谓语动词非谓语动词 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) t

9、he rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. receiving to complete included 考查语法点考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓语动词及变形的使用 例例1Sue got home, _ (feel) very tired. feeling 例例2_(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Built 例例3It has been his dream _ (travel) round the world. to travel 例例4_ (c

10、ollect) stamps seems to be his main hobby. Collecting 例例5I didnt talk much to the man _ (sit) next to me. sitting 例例6She avoided _ (answer) the teachers questions. answering 牢记: 只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词, 如 finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, cant help等; 只能接to do作宾语的动词, 如plan, want, wish,

11、 hope, would like, refuse等; 接to do与doing意思有差别的动词,如forget, remember, regret等； look forward to, devote oneself to等to是介词的 短语动词。 名词名词 名词名词 弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数，弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数， 是否要用所有格。是否要用所有格。 例例1We were poor in those _ (day). days 例例2 Its about an _ (hour) drive from here. hours 形容词和副词形容词和副词 形容词和形容词和 副词副词

12、有提示词有提示词 通常，有表示范围的通常，有表示范围的in /ofin /of介词短语或介词短语或 形容词前有形容词前有thethe时，一般要用最高级；时，一般要用最高级； thanthan的前面一定要用比较级的前面一定要用比较级 1. One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher 2. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When

13、it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that night. 3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time. worst less lonely greatest 比较等级比较等级 有有th

14、an的前面要用比较级；有的前面要用比较级；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比较范围的用最高级；等表示比较范围的用最高级； 根据语境理解隐形的比较级。根据语境理解隐形的比较级。 例例1It takes _ (little) time to go there by plane than by train. less 例例2My pronunciation is poor. His is even _ (bad). worse 例例3Hainan is Chinas second _ (large) island. largest 例例4Mr. Li, our English

15、 teacher, is one of the _ (nice) people I know. nicest 连词连词 连词或从句引导词连词或从句引导词 无提示词无提示词 两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 1. Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains 16 the area is called the Black Country. 2. It got its name during the industrial revolution, 17 factory pollution turned the local skies

16、 black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color. 3. Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display. 4. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. why when 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词，引导词的用法各类复合句中连词，引导词的用法 where that 例例1 As

17、a citizen, you must obey the law _ you will be punished. or“否则”。“否则”。 例例2 He likes cats _ dislikes dogs. but 例例3 He came to me in the belief _ I could help him. that 例例4 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _ we have done. what 例例5I met someone _ said he knew you. who 例例6 Li Ming won first

18、prize in the competition, _ made his father pleased. which 例例7 We camped there _ it was too dark to go on. because 例例8 Such things, _ you like it or not, do happen from time to time. whether whether or 不管不管还是还是 【例句1】One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 答

19、案：that 【例句2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory _ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the directors office, yet the factory turned out quite good products. 答案：where 【例句3】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 答案： but

20、【例句4】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. 答案：when 【例句5】.the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 答案：who 【例句6】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on disp

21、lay. 答案：where 特殊的句式结构 (1)由it is.that.强调结构形式，判断填it还是 that。 【例句】.and _40_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! 答案：it (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。 【例句】 _ with hard work can you expect

22、to get pay rise. 答案：Only (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断， 空格处是否填it。如： 【例句1】 .as _32_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world- famous artists. 答案：it 【例句2】Dating sites also make _36_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 答案：it (4)so /such.that.句型。如： 【例句】This made the goat so

23、 jealous _34_ it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. 答案：that 代词代词 代词代词 无提示词无提示词 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意 形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。 指示代词（指示代词（it it和和thisthis）, ,不定代词，不定代词，it it用用 作引导词作引导词, ,反身代词等。反身代词等。 考查语法点考查语法点: 代词的基本用法代词的基本用法 1. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose

24、a suitable Christmas present for her father. 2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ . 3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again: a smile it her me 例例1 The ma

25、nager was about to leave when his secretary called _ back. him 例例2Tom, a friend of _ (I), is our monitor. mine 例例3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games. “自娱自乐，游玩“自娱自乐，游玩(amuse oneself)” themselves 类似的短语还有类似的短语还有enjoy oneself (玩得开心玩得开心), teach oneself(自学自学), adapt oneself (适应适应

26、), dress oneself(自己穿衣自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于致力于), by oneself(单独地单独地)等。等。 【例句4】When I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _， I saw kindness. 答案：yours 【例句5】His teacher took a deep drink，.thanked his student very much for the s

27、weet water.After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water. 答案：another 冠词冠词 3. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away 4. I still remember taking 22 _ visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub for lunc

28、h. 冠词冠词 无提示词无提示词 名词之前名词之前 1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous perfectionist. the a 考查语法点考查语法点: 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法

29、a a 解题技巧解题技巧 下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填 ： (1)_+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)； (2)_+形容词形容词+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)。 下列情况下很可能填下列情况下很可能填 ： (1)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+ of等介词短语等介词短语(表示特表示特 指指)； (2)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)； (3)_ (+定语定语)+名词名词+不定式短语或分词短不定式短语或分词短 语语(表示特指表示特指)。 不定冠词不定冠词 定冠词定冠词 例例1It was _ third time I had been there. the 例例2

30、This is _ most boring film Ive ever seen. the 例例3 He is _ honest businessman, according to what everyone says. an 【例句4】What is a good education? _ question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are revising their programs: they drop “fun courses” and reestablish some of th

31、e traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s. 答案：The 介词介词 介词介词 无提示词：注意搭配问题无提示词：注意搭配问题 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语, ,补补 语等语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语 1. In short, I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back 3

32、4_the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. 3. She found some good quality pipes_ sale. 4. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day of at 考查语法点考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 on from/after 例例1 I am grateful to you _ helping me. for 例例2_ time going by, I gr

33、adually realize the importance of health. With With time going by =As time goes by随着时间随着时间 的流逝。的流逝。 【例句3】Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 1._ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respe

34、ct 2._ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 答案：1.at 2.for 【例句4】_ view of the rising popularity of 3D films, 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 60 percent suggested that 3D technology would offer more business opportunities

35、 over the next three years. 答案： In 词性转换词性转换 词性转换词性转换 有提示词 有提示词 介词介词, ,冠词冠词, ,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词, ,形容词修形容词修 饰名词饰名词, ,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子 1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English with

36、in easy reach. 3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. 4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation. rudely suggestion 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类词性的

37、正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化 natural Undoubtedly 词类转换词类转换 作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。亦即，名词作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。亦即，名词 就是在句中作主语、宾语、表语的。就是在句中作主语、宾语、表语的。 例例1Several children are away from school because of _ (ill). illness 作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。亦即，作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。亦即， 形容词在句中是作定语、补语、表语的。形容词在句中是作定语、补语、表语的。 例例2 This is the only reference book that I find _(use). useful 作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词或另一作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词或另一 副词，或修饰全句。亦即，副词就是用来作副词，或修饰全句。亦即，副词就是用来作 状语的。状语的。 例例3I arrived late but _ (luck), the meeting had been delayed. luckily Thanks for listening Thanks for listening