高中英语专题第4讲·介词的用法 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.docx

1、第四讲介词的用法教学目标一、表示时间的介词的用法（重点）二、表示地点的介词的用法（重点）三、表示运动方向的用法（重点）四、常用介词的多种含义积累（难点）五、介词的固定搭配积累知识梳理介词介词的句法功能介词的分类表时间表地点表方式表除以外表原因其他常用 命题趋势1 (全国卷语填)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.2 (全国卷语填)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible cro

2、wds on the roads above as they travelled to and_ work.3 (全国卷语填)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle _ the road.4 (全国卷语填)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s .5 (全国卷语填)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we ar

3、e later in the day.6 (全国卷语填)My uncle says that he never dreams _ becoming rich in a short period of time.7 (浙江高考语填)While they chatted, my father woul lift my sister and me up to sit _ the top of the fridge.8 (全国卷语填)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to

4、cool the house during the hot day；_ the same time, they warm up again for the night.9 (广东高考语填)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.知识讲解（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中充当成分，通常与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当语法成分。1作定语And it was all

5、 because he happened to be the last kid in the last row.2作状语介词短语经常用来作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式等。Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.3作表语 He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.4作补足语I found her in better spirits when we met again.（二）介词的分类一、表示时间的介

6、词1表示“在”的in，on，atin：后接时间段，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月等或表示上午、下午、晚上的词，即在较长的一段时间内。如：in the 20th century；in 1999 ；in winter；in September；in the evening Many countries come to China to visit and learn in Tang Dynasty.In the late 1990s，the Internet experienced a rapid development.on：后接某一天，如：具体的日期、星期、节日或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上

7、。如：on Sunday；on (the morning of ) March 18；on Monday afternoonThey set out on a Friday morning.On September 18，they held a party to celebrate Hellens birthday.at：后接表示某一具体时刻，或把某一段时间看作某一时刻的词及某些节假日的名词。如：at six oclock；at daybreak；at noon；at night；at the age of fiveWe often have lunch at 12：00.People sen

8、d each other cards and presents at Christmas.this，that，next，yesterday，tomorrow，last，one，each, every以及表达次数频率的词组，则介词一般会省略。I invited him to be our guest last week.I heard that the expert would come to our school this month.He does exercise only twice a week.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1) (填空)One of Chinas two G

9、olden Weeks, this years National Day holiday has been extended by one day as the Mid-Autumn Festival falls_Oct.4. 2) (填空)He wrote this postcard and sent it to his lovely sister Nell _January 2017.3) (填空)_this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living.4) (填空)

10、One cup of coffee _ the late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night.5) (填空)Working in the garden _midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didnt care much about my bedtime.6) (填空)First celebrated _ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and r

11、egions (地区)7) (改错)One day, I met an old lady, who said that there would be a famous artist coming to our town on next Friday.8) (改错)We practise for three times every week. 9) (改错)So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time.2.表示“在期间”的during，through，over强调时间的延续，可以表示在某段时间内自始至终的状态，谓语动词一般

12、是延续性的。+时间段，-现在完成时（have/has done)【词组】over the past during the lastThe shop was closed over the whole three months.The children are too young to sit through a concert.During the last three years, China has achieved great development in almost every field.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1) (填空)Over the last one yea

13、r we _(see) a fall in house prices between 5 and 10 percent.2) (改错)His pronounciation of Chinese changed a lot during the past few months.3.表示“之后”的in，after“in一段时间”用于一般将来时，表示将来的一段时间之后。We will meet again in two weeks.This project will be finished in four months.“after一段时间”用于一般过去时，表示过去的一段时间之后。He left h

14、ome in 1984 and came home after twenty years.“after时间点”可用于一般将来时，表示某一时刻之后。来源:学_科_网My father will be back after four oclock.注意：“in一段时间”也可用于一般过去时，意为“在以内”。He wrote the book in two and a half years.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1) (填空)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _half an hour.2) (填空)B

15、ehind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but _some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.3) (改错)Before breakfast Amy took a taxi to the station.4表示“在之前”的by，before，untilby：表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内。I will finish the work by Friday.before：表示“在某时之前”，不包括某时在内。I will finish th

16、e work before Friday.till (until) ：直到 。在肯定句中,till/until常与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。The traffic laws dont take effect until the end of the year.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1) (填空)The new road will be completed _the end of the year. 2) (填空)We have to finish the work _ ten oclock tomorrow. 4) (改错)He to

17、ok a cold shower and then towelled off after he put on fresh clothes.5.表示时间延续的for，from，sincefor：与时间段连用，表示动作延续多久，不涉及动作的起始与终止时间。作时间状语时，句子可用一般过去时、完成时或将来时。I worked in this factory for ten years.I will stay in Shanghai for ten days.I have lived in this city for more than ten years.from：与时间点连用，表示行为或状态的起始时

18、间，不涉及持续时间的长短。My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.since：与时间点连用，说明动作的起始时间，表示自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。I havent seen her since ten years ago.She has been watching TV since seven oclock.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1) (填空)The mother continued to care for the young panda_more than tw

19、o years.2) (填空)She worked six in the morning to six in the evening. 3) (填空)Many people exercise _ a few minutes every day or every other day.二、表示地点的介词1. 表示“在地方”的in, atin：接大地点，如：国家，省市，城镇，村庄They have already arrived in the downtown of New York.at：接小地点，如：一些场所，像电影院、学校、医院、商场、飞机场I met her at a bus stop ye

20、sterday.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1. (填空)They have changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited _ Nepals capital.2. (改错)He will be in the New York airport to meet her.2.表示两地之间关系的“in, on, off, to”介词用法图解例句inShangdong Province is/lies in the east of China.onMongolia

21、 is/lies on the north of China.toShangdong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.offLily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】(1) (填空)Japan is_the east of China.(2) (填空)Beijing lies_the north of China.(3) (填空)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place_the main road at th

22、e far end of the lake.(4) (填空)Well meet each other _my home.(5) (填空)Mr. White lived _Hong Kong for 20 years.3. 表示事物方位位置的介词序号介 词图 解意 义例 句1inThe students are reading in the classroom.2intoThrow it into the fire.3onThe boat is on the river.4ontoThe child climbed up onto his fathers shoulders. 5overTher

23、e are several bridges over the river.He climbed over a wall and ran away.6aboveThe plane flew above the clouds.7under来源:学.科.网The boat sailed under the bridge.8beneathThey found the book buried beneath a pile of leaves.9belowThe sun sinks below the horizon.10byOur house is by the river.besideCome and

24、 sit beside me.11nearI dont need a car because I live near the city centre .12next toMy best friend sits next to me in class.13pastHe walked past me without apeaking.14behindOlive hid behind a tree.15in front ofHe likes to sit in front of me.16in the front of(at the back of)The teacher is in the fro

25、nt of the classroom.17outsideYou can park your car outside our house.18aroundThe whole family are sitting around a table.19fromHas the train from London arrived?20acrossI will row you across the river?My house is just across the street.21throughThe thief got in through the window.Water will be pumpe

26、d through a pipe.22away fromoffKeep off the grass.The teacher tells us that we should keep away from fire.23betweenThere was a fight between the two boys.24amongThey hid themselves among the trees.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1. (填空)So I pulled up next _ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my money.2. (

27、填空)The sunlight came in _the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.3. (填空)The dog jumped _some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was asleep.4. (填空)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _ the road.5. (填空)Fire extinguishers are located _ each floor and in each a

28、partment.6. (填空)The stadium was 2,275 metres _ sea level.7. (改错) Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.8. (改错)The busstops rightinthe frontofourhouse.9. (改错)He watched Karl run through the street to Tommy.三、表示方式的介词介词用法例句with多指使用具体的工具、身体的部位或器官等,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词或形容词修饰We often have mea

29、ls with chopsticks. We see with our eyes, hear with our ears and walk with our legs.by“by+交通工具/通讯工具”,名词使用单数,其前不加冠词,若表示交通工具的名词前有冠词修饰时,常用介词in或on;“by+doing”表示方式We went there by bus/on a bus. He finished his speech by telling a joke. in通常指使用某种语言、原料、字体等I answered the question in English.The artist wrote

30、in ink/ in capital letters.through表示“以，凭借”表示通过某种做事的方式I believe you can achieve success through hard work.v 【强化练习-根据要求完成单句练习】1. (填空)You can get great achievement _ hard work.2. (填空)She has got great progress in English _ reading and writing.3. (填空)I was surprised when the foreign students introduced

31、themselves _Chinese.4. (填空)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example most people traditionally eat_their hands.四、表示除之外的介词介词用法例句besides除.之外（还有）We have lots of things in common besides music.except除.之外（不再有）We all passed the exam except Tom.Freddie would tell me nothing about wha

32、t he was writing, except that it was to be a Christmas play.except for“除了.”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思The compisition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.but用于固定结构，表“除之外”There is nothing but a book on the table.I could do nothing but wait at that time.apart from既等于“beside”也可等于“except”Apart fro

33、m the ending, its really a good film.Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional dishes .【强化练习-根据要求完成语填及改错练习】1. (填空)We have English lesson every day _ Sunday. 2. (填空)The movie is good except _ the bad ending.3. (填空)He didnt speak anything _Greek.4. (改错)I cleaned all

34、 the room besides the kitchen.5. (改错)Except the kitchen, I also cleaned the living room.6. (改错)The house was out of our price range and too big anyway. Beside, Id grown fond of our little rented house.五、表示原因的介词六、 其他常考的介词Point 1-against含义与用法例句反对；违背；与相反He did it against his own will触碰；撞；紧靠，倚靠Tired, Ji

35、m was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.与竞争He was injured in the game against the Rocket.防备，抵御They took measures against the fire.以为背景；衬托；对照The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.Point 2-at含义与用法例句用在表示地点、场合、方位等的名词前，表示“在某处”Ill pick you up at the airport at 2 oclock this afternoo

36、n.用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、年龄、时节等名词前He left school at (the age of) 16.表示“以，按（价格、速度、数量）”He always drives the car at a high speed, which is very dangerous.与表示感情，动作的形容词连用，表示“因而；一就”We were frightened at the terrible sight.表示“朝，向（方向、目标）”He shot at the bird but missed it.表示“在方面”Shes good at taking photos.Point 3-beyo

37、nd含义与用法例句指“超出（可能性、能力等）”The beauty of the sight is beyond my word.指“（空间）在更远处”The airport is 20 miles beyond the town.指“（时间）晚于，迟于”He came home beyond the usual time.v 【知识拓展】beyond的反义词是within，表“（范围，程度）在之内”eg: The government was doing everything within its power to help the old.Point 4-by含义与用法例句（时间）不迟于，

38、在之前He is sure to come by three oclock.（方位）靠近，在旁边On a cold evening, it is pleasant to sit by the fire.（方式，手段）通过，靠，用You can reserve the ticket by phone.（被动）被He was knocked down by a car.（方向）经过They came in by the back door.（度量、数量）根据，以计算They sell eggs by the dozen.We rent the car by the day.（程度）相差We los

39、t the match by one goal.Point 5-for含义与用法例句（目的）为了Are you learning English for fun or for your work?（表对象）给，对The problem was that is was too valuable for everyday use.（原因）因为，由于The conert was put off for the bad weather.（时间、距离、数量）持续，达到We drove for miles before we found a restaurant.（等值关系）换取He agreed to

40、pay 300 dollars for the picture.（态度）支持，赞成How many people agree with the plan?关于，就而言，对于For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.（方向）往，去A few days later she would be leaving for New York.Point 6-in含义与用法例句（地点，位置）在里The telephone was in the room on the ground floor.（时间）在之后It will be ready in a w

41、eeks time.（状态、情况）处于中The engine appears to be in good condition.关于，在方面The foods that you buy in hamburger restaurants are high in fat, sugar and salt.（服装）穿着，戴着He looked very handsome in his uniform.Point 7-on含义与用法例句（方位）在上People were sunbathing on the grass.（时间）在时候I like to go to the library on weeken

42、ds.关于，有关He will give a talk on the environmental protection.对着，朝着They are making an attack on the enemy.处于（状态）中My girlfriend is often away on business trips.通过，以方式The information is available on the Internet.Point 8-to含义与用法例句（方向，距离）到去It was on the way to the railway station.The temperature has dropp

43、ed from 30 to 25 degrees.（比较，参照）与相比，相对而言Thats why fish prefer shallow water to deep water.（所属）属于This bike belongs to Mike.（时间）还有时间到They plan to meet at ten to seven.Point 9-under含义与用法例句在下面，在之下She placed the flower under the window.在的过程中The question is still under discussion.（数字，年龄、价格）低于，少于These toys

44、 are not suitable for kids under five.受的影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.Point 10-with含义与用法例句和一起Would you like to go shopping with me?（表同时）随着With time going by, the little tree has grown up.（表伴随）具有，带有We saw Jack coming back with a drink in his hand.（表方式）用He cut it with a knife.（表原因或理由）由于，因为He trembled with fear.v 【知识拓展】with的反义词是without，表“没有”eg: We human cant live with