人教版英语九年级 Unit 5 被动语态讲解 练习 .pptx

1、Grammar Passive Voice （被动语态） 概 念 0 1 （新冠肺炎事件） Oct, 2020 Afew month ago, many people was infected by Corona Virus Disease 2019(新冠肺炎）in China; though its said that the virus is being controled in our country,its reported that more people has been infected so far aroud the world. the Passive Voice(被动语态

2、) 一、概念:语态是动词的一种形式，表示主 语和谓语间的关系。 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（active voice）；被动语态(passive voice) 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 二、构成: be+动词的过去分词（pp） ( (PPPP是是past participlepast participle的缩写）的缩写） 1.规则动词的过去分词： 1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch-watched 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d practice-practiced 3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study-studied 4)以重读闭音节

3、结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该 辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped 2.不规则动词的过去分词： am is are was were been have has had do done writewritten gogone 动词过去分词的变化: 什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 His bike was stolen last week. 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语 态。Rice is grown in the south of China. 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态. The book w

4、as written by Mo Yan. (三)主动语态变 被动语 态: (1)把原原来的宾语宾语 提到前面作被动语态 的主 主语语; ; (2)把谓语动词 变成被动结 构(be过去分词) ( 根据被动语态 句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原 来主动语态 句子中动词 的时态 来决定be的形式) 。 (3)把主动语态 中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 ，将主格改为宾格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes in the factory.are madethem by 主变被步骤: 1.找宾语 : 即动作的承受者(改为主语) He washe

5、d his car yesterday. His car 3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词 的单复 数. be 4. 判断动词 的时态 : 即be动词 的时态 . 2. 修改谓语 的语态 :即be+原V.过去分词 washed 5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾 格). (by him) yesterday. is was was 主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态改为被动语态可按“一变、二套、三注意”进行即： 变-把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态 的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套-根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意-注意人称的变化

6、而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English _ by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes _by him yesterday. is spoken were washed 、 用法 0 2 遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆 豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡 觉，打豆豆。 你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。 Doudou is always beaten by someone. 被打的豆豆 昨天晚上 ，夜黑风高，它又被打了。 Doudou was beaten

7、yesterday evening. 明天，豆豆还会面临n顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times . 可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。 Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. 我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打 。 Our dear doudou is being beaten now . 随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。 Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime . Doudou is always bea

8、ten by someone. Doudou was beaten yesterday evening. Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times . Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. Our dear doudou is being beaten now . Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime . 如：I am cheated by her words. You are chosen to be the leader. He is asked a quest

9、ion by the teacher. The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. 被动语态的结构 be+及物动词的过去分词done 不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构 1.一般现在时的被动语态结构： am/is/are+done PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： *They make

10、 shoes in that factory. 主语语+及物动词动词 +宾语宾语 Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时的被动句：一般现在时的被动句： S+S+am/is/are+PPam/is/are+PP+ +其它其它 1. They bought ten computers last term (by them) last term. 2.一般过去时的被动语态结构： was/were +过去分词 (by me) last year . 2.I 2.I plantedplanted a tree a tree yesterdayyes

11、terday. . A treewas planted Ten computers were bought 3.一般将来时的被动语态结构： will be+过去分词 1.They will finish the work in ten days. by them in ten days. The work will be finished 2.Tom is going to clean the room this afternoon. The room is going to be cleanedby Tom tomorrow. be going to be+过去分词 4.含有情态动词的被动语

12、态结构： can/may/must/should等情态动词 + be done 1.Amy may draw the pictures. by Amy. The pictures may be drawn 2.You 2.You should drinkshould drink more water.more water. More waterMore water should be drunkshould be drunk by you.by you. 5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is / am / are + being is / am / are + b

13、eing 过去分词过去分词 1.Some workers are painting the rooms now by some workers now.The roomsare being painted 2.He 2.He is watchingis watching TV.TV. TVTV is being watched is being watched by him.by him. 那过去进行时的 被动语态呢？ 6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have / has have / has been been 过去分词过去分词 1.We have made t

14、wenty more keys by us. Twenty more keys have been made 2.Tom 2.Tom has finishedhas finished thethe compositions compositions. . The compositionsThe compositionshavehave been finished been finished by Tom.by Tom. 那过去完成时的 被动语态呢？ 7.7.不定式（不定式（to doto do）的被动语态的结构的被动语态的结构 totobe be 过去分词过去分词 eg:He needs to

15、 write a letter to his parents. to his parents by him. A letter needs to be written 我们一起来总结！我们一起来总结！ 三、各种时态时态 的主动语态动语态 和被动语态谓语结动语态谓语结 构对对照 表 时 态主动语态被动语态 1 一般现在时do/doesam/is/are + 过去分词 2 一般过去时didwas/were + 过去分词 3 一般将来时will/be going to+动原will/be going to + be + 过去分词 4 过去将来时would+动词原形Would + be + 过去分词

16、5 现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are + being + 过去分词 6 过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were + being+过去分词 7 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词have/has + been+过去分词 8 过去完成时had+过去分词Had + been+过去分词 9 含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词 + be + 过去分词 重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态 动词的被动语态。 肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be + be + 过去分词过去分词(by )(by ) 否定句否定句：主语：主语be be notnot 过去分词过

17、去分词(by )(by ) 一般疑问句一般疑问句：BeBe 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by )? (by )? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： 疑问词疑问词bebe主语过去分词主语过去分词 (by ) ?(by ) ? 可见，被动语态的可见，被动语态的时态时态是由是由bebe的时态的时态 决定的，决定的，bebe是什么时态，全句就是什么时是什么时态，全句就是什么时 态，态，bebe动词后面的过去分词动词后面的过去分词不变不变。 by many students.English is studied by many students.English is not studied 被动语态的几种特殊类型被

18、动语态的几种特殊类型 1. 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态. .（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语） 常见的常见的接双宾语接双宾语的动词有的动词有: : to: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand，lend,selllend,sell for:for: make, buy, get,cook, make, buy, get,cook,draw, sing draw, sing 以以“ “人人” ”当主

19、语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样； 以以“ “物物” ”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加toto或或for.for. 以give和buy为例： give sb sth=give sth to sb 变为被动：sb be given sth = sth be given to sb eg:I I was givenwas given a book by him. a book by him. = =A bookA book was given was given toto me by him. me by him. b buy sb

20、sth=buy sth for sb 变为被动：sb be bought sth=sth be bought for sb eg:Ieg:I am boughtam bought a book . a book . = =A bookA book is bought is bought forfor me . me . keep, make keep, make 之之类的动词常常有宾语补足语，类的动词常常有宾语补足语， 在被动语态中，宾语补足语在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变位置不变。 WeWe keepkeep foodfood freshfresh in the fridge. in th

21、e fridge. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 FoodFood is keptis kept freshfresh in the fridge. in the fridge. He He makes the officemakes the office tidy and beautifultidy and beautiful. . The officeThe office is is mademade tidy and beautifultidy and beautiful. . 2. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 短语动词在变成被动语态时，短语动词在变成

22、被动语态时，不能去掉不能去掉构构 成短语动词的成短语动词的介词或副词介词或副词. . They They take good care take good care ofof my child. my child. My child is taken good care My child is taken good care ofof . . I I turned turned offoff the radio. the radio. The radio was turned The radio was turned offoff (by me) (by me) 3. 3.含有短语的主动语态变

23、被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 口诀：口诀：短语动词是一家，千万不要拆散它。短语动词是一家，千万不要拆散它。 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的 形式，不需再加形式，不需再加byby be covered with be covered with 用用覆盖着覆盖着 be interested in be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣 be surprised at be surprised at 对对感到惊奇感到惊奇 be made of be made of （fromfrom）用）用制造的制造的 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 take

24、 care of take care of be taken care of be taken care of cut down cut down be cut down be cut down laugh at laugh at be laughed at be laughed at look after look afterbe looked afterbe looked after 即即feel , hear , listen , look , watch , see , feel , hear , listen , look , watch , see , notice notice

25、； have , make , let have , make , let 这些词在这些词在主动主动 句中，其后的句中，其后的动词不定式动词不定式不加不加toto，但变被但变被 动句时必须加动句时必须加to. to. 1.I 1.I sawsaw himhim play basketball last Sunday. play basketball last Sunday. HeHe was seenwas seen toto play basketball last Sunday. play basketball last Sunday. 2.The boss 2.The boss make

26、smakes themthem work all day. work all day. TheyThey was madewas madetoto work all daywork all day. . 4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 口诀：感官加使役，主动口诀：感官加使役，主动toto离去，被动离去，被动toto回回 来。来。 （1 1）当主动结构中的宾语是）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为时，不能改为 被动语态。被动语态。We often help each other. We often help each othe

27、r. （2 2）happen,take place,break out,belong to,costhappen,take place,break out,belong to,cost，be worth doing,run be worth doing,run out,come out,come trueout,come out,come true等作谓语时，不能用于被动语态。等作谓语时，不能用于被动语态。 （3 3）系动词系动词get/turnget/turn/ /becomebecome/ /seemseem/ /looklook/ /soundsound/ / smellsmell/ /

28、tastetaste/ /feelfeel+adj.+adj.不能变成被动结构。不能变成被动结构。 （4 4）write,sell,lock,wash,open,drinkwrite,sell,lock,wash,open,drink常常用主动表被动，尤其是用主动表被动，尤其是与与 well,easily,badlywell,easily,badly等连用时。等连用时。 eg:eg:The shop The shop opensopens at 7:00 am and at 7:00 am and closescloses at 5:00 pm at 5:00 pm . . 5.5.不能用于被

29、动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况 PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： am/is/are + P.P. was/were + P.P. will be + P.P. can/may/must/should be +P.P. 中考常考的被动语态 be + P.P. PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下

30、载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 1.He often helps me in English. 2.Lucy does her homework in the evening. I am often helped by him in English. Her homework is done by Lucy in the evening. PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教

31、程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 3.They make shoes in that factory. 4.Do you water the flowers every day? Shoes are made by them in that factory. Are the flowers watered by you everyday? 一般现在时的被动语态： am/is/are + P.P. PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优

32、秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 1. We built our school 95 years ago. 2.They planted many trees last year. 3.He didnt take the photo in 2003. Our school was built 95 years ago. Many trees were planted last year. The photo wasnt taken in 2003. PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板：

33、 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 4.Did you finish your homework? 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were + P.P. Was your homework finished ? PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT

34、课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 1.We will hold our National Games in Jinan. 2. I will invite my teacher to the party. 3. He wont finish his homework in an hour. Our National Games will be held in Jinan. My teacher will be invited to the party. His homework wont be finished in an hour. 一般将来时被动语态： will

35、be + P.P. PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT 素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel 教程： 资料下载： PPT 课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载： 字体下载： 1.We must clean the classroom every day. 2.Parents should allow the teenagers to choose their own clothes. 3. Uncle Wang cant mend his bike . The classroom must

36、be cleaned everyday. The teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. His bike cant be mended by uncle wang. 情态动词的被动语态： can/may/must/should be +P.P. 四、各种时态时态 的主动语态动语态 和被动语态谓语结动语态谓语结 构对对照 表 时 态主动语态被动语态 1 一般现在时do/doesam/is/are + 过去分词 2 一般过去时didwas/were + 过去分词 3 一般将来时will/be going to+动原will

37、/be going to + be + 过去分词 4 过去将来时would+动词原形would + be + 过去分词 5 现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are + being + 过去分词 6 过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were + being+过去分词 7 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词have/has + been+过去分词 8 过去完成时had+过去分词had + been+过去分词 9 含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词 + be + 过去分词 重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态 动词的被动语态。 五、被动语态的高频考点

38、和易错点 1. let/ have/ make/ see/hear/watch /notice sb.do sth. 被动：sb. be made/seen/heard/watched/noticed to do sth. eg:I often see him run on the playground. She often hears someone sing there. He is often seen to run on the playground by me. Someone is often heard to sing there by her. 2. take place/ h

39、appen（发生，无被动语态 ） Eg: Great changes_( take place) in my hometown in the past few years. 3. belong to 无被动语态 Eg: This book_ (belong) to me 4.感官动词无被动语态 Eg: This desk_(feel) hard. have taken place belongs feels 5.sell /cut/read/ wear/write等词带状语修饰语 的主动表被动 Eg: This kind of clothes_(wash) easily. This novel

40、s _(sell )well. This kind of shoes_(sell)out already. 6.get sth.done表被动 使某事完成 get ones ears pierced 扎/打耳洞 7.have sth.done表被动 使某事完成 have ones hair cut 理发 . washes sells has been sold 8.make oneself understood使自己被别人理解 Eg:I have explained it several times _(make) myself _(understand). 9.to be done带有动词不

41、定式的被动语态 need to be done需要被完成 Eg: My TV needs_ ( repair). A new hotel is going to _(build)here. He didnt want_( examine). to be repaired/repairing be built to be examined to make understood 10.带双宾语的动词可有两种被动语态 ask/ tell/pay /send /give /buy/ show/ offer/ lend /make/ teach/ serve. Eg:She asked him some

42、 questions. He was asked some questions by her. Some questions were asked him by her. Eg: Mother bought me a new coat . I was bought a new coat by mother. A new coat was bought for me by mother. 11.固定动词短语要将短语动词视为一个整体，变 为被动语态时不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the old. The old_ by us. 12.表示据说/

43、相信的句型 It is said that .据说It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that .大家相信It is unbelieved that.令人难以置信的是.It is well known that. 众所周知It is suggested that .据建议 It is thought that.大家认为 should be taken good care of 13.易错题 Eg.Why didnt you go to Tom s birthday party yesterday because I_( not invite) 14.

44、过去分词作定语，表被动 Eg.I like reading the novel _(write) by Luxun. 15.其他无被动语态的词，词组 become/ rise /appear/ arrive/ die/ cost/ enter/fall/ last/ exist/ fail/succeed/hold /come true/ break out/ run out/give out wasnt be invited written 1). be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态） (=be used for doing sth.) use sth. to do

45、sth.用某物做某事（主动语态） 2).used to do sth.过去常常做某事 3).be / get used to doing sth.习惯做某事 4).be made of由.制成（可看出原材料） be made from由.制成（可看出原材料） be made by/in/into 小结：主变被解题步骤: 1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数. are 3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改

46、原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语. by themin the factory. 课堂作 业 0 3 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are used are cleaned (变被动语态 ） 3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time. The ticket was found was told 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two m