高考英语阅读理解专题练习主旨大意题教学资料.pptx

1、 (2011汕头金山中学考前适应卷)The highprotein,lowcarbohydrate(碳水化合物)diets many people turn to for weight loss might have potentially harmful longterm effects on the colon,a small study indicates.In the study,UK researchers found that a proteinheavy,lowcarb diet created certain changes in the colon that could co

2、ntribute to colon cancer risk.The study itself does not show whether highprotein diets really raise the risk of any colon diseases,but the findings raise that possibility.Diets relatively high in protein and lower in carbs have been shown to help heavy people lose weight.“People should not be discou

3、raged from losing weight，”Dr Flint said.However,he added,they should make sure that any weightloss plan includes adequate amounts of fiber and a high protein intake over months to years might have ill effects on the colon.The findings are based on 17 overweight men who followed three shortterm diets

4、:a oneweek menu plan to keep their weight;a fourweek highprotein diet with reasonable amounts of carbohydrates;and a fourweek highprotein diet low in carbs.On average,the study found when the men were on the highprotein diets,they had higher levels of substances known as Nnitroso compounds(亚硝基化合物)an

5、d other metabolites(代谢物)that have been linked to cancer.And when they were on the highprotein,lowcarb diet,they had lowered amounts of fiberoriginated compounds thought to be protective against cancer.Exactly what those changes might mean for a persons health is not clear.But Flint said that the fin

6、dings suggest that people should be cautious about consuming too much protein and too little fiber over a long period.In general,experts recommend that adults get about 28 grams of fiber per day though its not known whether thats enough for someone on a highprotein weightloss diet.1.What is the best

7、 title of the text?A.Plan a Healthy Diet B.Take Care of Your ColonC.How to Lose Weight D.How to Protect against Cancer2.The author is intended to _.A.advise how to lose weight B.introduce a scientific findingC.describe a research process D.talk about healthy diets【答案及解析】本文介绍了一个科学发现，高蛋白低碳水化合物的减肥餐可能导致

8、身体伤害。1.B主旨大意题。由文章第一段和最后一段概括可知。2.B主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知。一、把握文章中心主题阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解，因此主旨大意题是必考题。虽然有些文章的考题中没有主旨大意题，但考生把握其主旨对解答任何一类试题都是非常有帮助的。主题句通常在段首、段末出现或首尾呼应，有时在句中，或者没有明显的主题句，这就需要我们根据文中所述内容进行归纳总结。1提问方式：提问方式：要求考生确定段落大意或全文的中心思想，题干中一般有main idea,topic,subject,mainly 等字眼。常见的题干形式有：(1)The main/general/central ide

9、a of the passage is _.(2)The passage mainly deals with/discusses _.2解题步骤解题步骤：(1)阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。(2)浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。(3)仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。3干扰项特点干扰项特点：(1)概括范围太窄，只含局部信息；(2)概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。(3)无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。4掌握辨认主旨的掌握辨认主旨的4个小窍门：个小窍门：(1)段落中出

10、现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(3)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示，如therefore,thus,but,however,in fact,in short等等。二、选择文章标题与选择主题的方法一样，标题必须能够概括全文中心内容，既不能停留在某个细节的概括，也不能包括文章没有提及到的内容。标题的选择和主题都要求考生在把握文章中心的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。与主旨要义题相比，具有三个特性：概括性、针对性、醒目性。1.了解结构特点，迅速掌握文章主旨。此

11、类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文，其结构特点常表现为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或者阐明观点。根据这一特点，我们可以迅速把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而又准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。2.根据主题句的特点或位置规律，找准主题句。主题句的特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。3.文章标题要符合文体特征，比如记叙文的标题要能够吸引读者的兴趣。【答案及解析】本文是一个忧心忡忡的母亲写信向专家讨论女儿的成长问题。1.C细节理解题。结合文中第二段和第四段可知。【答案及解析】2.A细节理解题。从文章回信的第二段，not within their reach 可知。3.D词义猜测题。结合上下句可知，这是一种青少年不成熟的行为。【答案及解析】4.A推理判断题。从文章最后两段可知。5.B主旨大意题。文中由始至终贯穿的是一个母亲对女儿的担忧。