2020新译林版新教材模块一Unit 1 Grammar 句子基本结构 45张PPT.ppt

1、Grammar sentences 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 （S+ link V+P） 主语主语 谓语（不及物动词）（谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi） 主语主语 谓语（及物动词）谓语（及物动词） 宾语宾语 （S+ Vt + O） 主语谓语主语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 （S+ Vt + O1+ O2） 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 补语补语 （S+ Vt+ O+ OC） 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 主语+系动词+表语（ S+Link.V+P ），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。 You are students. We are in the classroom. We

2、are good friends, arent we? 主语（subject）: The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing. Twenty years is a short time in history. Exercising is a good habit. To see is to believe. 句子说明的人或物句子说明的人或物, 常位于句首。常位于句首。 （名词（名词 ） （代词（代词 ） （数词（数词 ） （动名词（动名词 ） （不定式（不定式 ） 用来表示主语状态，一般有用来表示主语状态，一般有be动词（动词（am,is ,are,

3、was,were,been,being） He is a teacher. 其它系动词：其它系动词： 状态：状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - - 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue 系动词系动词 表语（predicative）: He is a teacher. I have a cake，can you taste it. Five and five is ten . He is

4、kind. 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、 状态和特征。状态和特征。 （名词（名词 ） （名词（名词 ） （代词（代词 ） （数词（数词 ） （形容词（形容词 ） 1.Jack is a bright boy. 2.He was disappointed at the result of the examination. 3.The room doesnt look big enough. 4.His dream has finally come true. 5.His theory proved correct. 主语主语 谓语动词谓语动词 (不及物动词

5、不及物动词) She came/ Nobody went. 主语主语 谓语动词谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语 She likes English. 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two children. 复合谓语复合谓语 :由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词构成构成; He can speak English well. She doesnt like dancing 谓语（predicate）（动词）V. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征

6、说明主语的动作、状态和特征,常位于主语后常位于主语后。 不及物动词不及物动词 vi.vi.后不接宾语，且无被动语态后不接宾语，且无被动语态 及物动词后及物动词后 vt.vt.必须接宾语。必须接宾语。 I like China. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They decided to leave now. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? Are you afraid of the snake? （名词（名词 ） (

7、代词）代词） (数词数词) 宾语宾语 动作的对象或承受者，常置于动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词及物动词或或介词介词后后 （不定式）（不定式） （动名词）（动名词） （句子）（句子） （名词（名词 ） （名词（名词 ） 主语主语 谓语间接宾语直接宾语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 (双宾语双宾语) She gave John a book She bought me a book. 主语主语 谓语宾语谓语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. 双宾语即直接宾语双宾语即直接宾语和和

8、间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指 物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books. 间接间接 宾语宾语 直接直接 宾语宾语 He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 这类动词常见的有：这类动词常见的有：give，buy，show, send, lend, pass, tell，leave, teach等等 找句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going

9、to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 宾补：宾语补足语 We will make them happy. She always keeps her hair short. 补充说明宾语的情况，与宾语存在逻辑关系补充说明宾语的情况，与宾语存在逻辑关系 。 这类动词常见的有：这类动词常见的有： keep, make, let, have等等. 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 He asked her to take the boy out of school.

10、 She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 I met my best friend at the station 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 状 语 定语（定语（attributive） 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子， 汉语中常翻译成汉语中常翻译成的。的。 The black bike is mine. ( ) Mr. Li

11、 is a history teacher. He is our friend. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. You should do everything that I do. （名词（名词 ） （代词（代词 ） （形容词（形容词 ） （定语从句（定语从句 ） *当定语修饰不定代词如：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后等时，定语要放在其后作后 置定语置定语 。 定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 单词作定语时通常放

12、在它所修饰的名词之_；短 语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。 前前 后后 状语（状语（adverbial） 用以修饰用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。表示时间、地点、原表示时间、地点、原 因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步. 1.修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 2.表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在一般位于句子两头，强调时放在 句首，句首， 3.一些表示不确定时间（如：一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程

13、度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的）的 副词状语通常位于副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him. I am very sorry. At 8, I ate my breakfast. = I ate my breakfast at 8 状语： I will go there tomorrow. 时间时间 The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 地点地点 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 原

14、因原因 He studies hard to learn English well. 目的目的 He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.结果结果 I like some of you very much. 程度程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件条件 He goes to school by bike. 方式方式 Though he is young, he can do it well. 让步让步 There be 结构结构 1、定义：定义：There be句型表示某处存在

15、某物或某人。句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2、结构：、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词单数可数名词/不可数名不可数名 词词 + 地点状语地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词复数名词+地点状语地点状语. * there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分。句子是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分。句子 的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语要与主语 （某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个 或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近 的那个名词一致（的那个名词一致（就近原则

16、就近原则）。）。 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多 学生。 句子类型句子类型 简单句 并列句 复合句 .简单句简单句 1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓 主 + 谓 + 表 主 + 谓 + 宾 主

17、+ 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 .并列句并列句 This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed. and or but so He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre alive! And shes dead. 名词性从句名词性从句 状语从句状语从句 定语从句定

18、语从句 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 .复合句复合句 A plane is a machine that can fly. He said that he didnt like her. 状语从句状语从句 分为九类：分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度 1) 时间状语从句时间状语从句 Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as, after, bef

19、ore, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等 2) 地点状语从句地点状语从句 Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere 3) 原因状语从句原因状语从句 As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because, as, since 4) 结果状语从句结果状语从句 I was in the b

20、ath so that I didnt hear the telephone. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句目的状语从句 Ill show you so you will see how its done. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that 6) 条件状语从句条件状语从句 If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that, on condi

21、tion that 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though, although, if even if, even though, 7) 让步状语从句让步状语从句 Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as, so long as 8) 方式状语从句方式状语从句 He did just as you told him. 9) 程度状语从句程度状语从句 So long a

22、s you need me, Ill stay. Homework 1.复习今天所学的句子结构 2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(必修三) 3.看试卷,做相应知识点. 名词性从句名词性从句 1) 主语从句主语从句 * What he said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2）表语从句表语从句 * That is what he wants to b

23、uy. * The problem is that who we can get to replace her? * The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 宾语从句宾语从句 * I understand that he is well qualified. * He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me. 4) 同位语从句同位语从句 * Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come? * T

24、he question who should do the work requires consideration. * Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat. the idea The question a promise 注意！注意！ * that与与what都可以引导名词性从句。都可以引导名词性从句。 * what在从句中充当句子成份（主在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾宾,表）。表）。 * That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。 * that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）在引

25、导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）. That is what he wants to buy. That we shall be late is certain. He said (that) he didnt like her. 引导词引导词that & what 状语从句状语从句 分为九类：分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度 1) 时间状语从句时间状语从句 Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green. 常用的关联词有：常用

26、的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等 2) 地点状语从句地点状语从句 Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere 3) 原因状语从句原因状语从句 As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because, as, since 4) 结果状语从句结

27、果状语从句 I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句目的状语从句 Ill show you so you will see how its done. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that 6) 条件状语从句条件状语从句 If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if, unless, in

28、 case that, on condition that 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though, although, if even if, even though, 7) 让步状语从句让步状语从句 Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument. 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as, so long as 8) 方式状语从句方式状语从句 He did just as you told him. 9) 程度状语从句程度状语从句 So long as you need me, Ill stay. Grammar sentences