1、1/6 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句由关系词引导。 限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定 语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可 用逗号分开。 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一 定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有 which，that，who，whom，whose， as 等。 观察例句 1Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside. 2He showed me the photos
2、 (that/which) he took on his trip to Xian. 3Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen. 4I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. 5The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 6Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 7T
3、he army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 8Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 归纳用法 一、定语从句的先行词 先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分， 从构成上而言， 它可以是名词、 代词、 名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面， 我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布： 2/6 即学即练 1 找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词 Is thi
4、s the book which your father bought for you？the book Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？the man They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.the man Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Some people 二、关系代词的用法 1that 的用法 that 既可指人也可指物，在定语
5、从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而 且作宾语或状语时常可省略。 This is the book.I want to read it. This is the book (that)I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。(that 指代 the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) 即学即练 2 使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词 that 在从句中作什么 成分 This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house (that) Lu Xun once lived in(that 在定语从句中作宾
6、语) Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy. Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be(that 在定语从句中作表语) The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom. The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that 在定语从句中作主语) I dont like the way.He looks at me in the way. I dont like
7、the way (that) he looks at me(that 在定语从句中作状语) 2which 的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与 that 互换使用。 The houses overlook the lake.They cost more. 3/6 The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which 指代 the houses，在定语从句中充当主 语) 即学即练 3 单句语法填空 Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving y
8、our family crazy. Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world. 3who 的用法 who 指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball. The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming. 正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who 指代 Yao Ming，在定语从句中充
9、 当主语) 即学即练 4 写出下面句子中 who 作什么成分 Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.宾语 The boy who is standing there is my cousin.主语 4whom 的用法 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 This is the girl.I met the girl in the street. This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom 指代 the girl，在定语从句中充当宾 语) 即
10、学即练 5 翻译句子 大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。 The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. 杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。 Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago. 5whose 的用法 whose 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于 of whom the；指物时，相当于 of which the。 I have read the book.I like its characters very much. 4/6 I have read the b
11、ook whose/of which the characters I like very much. 我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose 指代先行词 the book， 在定语从句中充当定语) 即学即练 6 用定语从句合并句子 This is the scientist.His achievements are well known. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known Dont stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair. Dont stan
12、d close to the house whose roof is under repair 6关系代词 that 与 which 的区别 情况 用 that 还是 which 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰 that 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形 容词最高级修饰 that 先行词前有 the very，the only 等修饰 that 先行词既指人也指物 that 先行词前有疑问代词 which 时 that there be 句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是 指物的名词 that 句中已经出现过 that 或 which 交替使用 先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中
13、作表 语 that 关系代词前面有介词 which 关系代词后面带有插入语 which 即学即练 7 选词填空：which，that The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. Here is the book about which I told you yesterday. This is the best way that is to be used against pollution. Here is the English grammar book which，as
14、Ive told you，will help you improve your English. 5/6 All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. This is the very book that I have been looking for. 三、关系代词的省略 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。 The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager. 你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。 Is there anythin
15、g(that)I can do for you? 有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ 即学即练 8 请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词 This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read. This is the person whose story surprised everybody. He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their study. Who was the woman (that) you were talking with?
16、 .单句语法填空 1I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 2Have you read the book that/which was written by Anne Frank? 3The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building? 5
17、Do you know the lady who/that/whom our English teacher is talking with under the big tree? 6It is the tallest building that Daming has ever seen since he came here. 7 My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1， 000 yuan. 8She said she would do anything that could help her
18、 mother recover from the disease. 9Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. .短文语法填空 6/6 Id skipped nearby Guilin，1.which is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the L
19、i River 2.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 3.who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better- known city. Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 4.that/which was conduc
20、ted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 5.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 6.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，7.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 8.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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