牛津译林版2020必修一Unit 1 Back to school重点单词与句型.docx

1、Unit 1 Back to school 重点单词 1. senior Senior high school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone. 高中给每个人都带来了很多新的体验。 用法详解 （1）adj.中学的；老年的；级别（或地位）高的；年长的 senior high(school) 高中 senior citizens 老年人 be senior to sb. 比某人年长；比某人的地位/职位高 To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens star

2、ted to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。 （2019 江苏） I have ten years experience at senior management level. 我有十年的高层管理经验。 My brother Bob is senior to me by two years. 我哥哥鲍勃比我大两岁。 He is also a teacher, but senior to me. 他也是一名教师，但级别比我高。 （2）n.C较年长的人；级别（或地位）较高者，上司；中学生 It is impolite for children

3、 to cut in when their seniors are talking.孩子们在他们的长辈谈话 时插嘴是不礼貌的。 Jenny is lively and hard-working, and has been praised by her seniors in the company. 珍妮 活泼、勤奋，得到了公司上司的表扬。 特别提醒 senior 本身已含有比较意义，所以它没有比较级和最高级形式。此外，表示比较时其后用 to 而不用 than。 归纳拓展 junior adj. （职位等）低的；青少年的 n.C职位较低者；青少年 junior high(school) 初中 b

4、e junior to sb. 比某人级别低 2. potential Realizing your potential 发挥你们的潜力 用法详解 （1）n.U潜能，潜力；潜在性，可能性 realize/achieve your(full)potential 发挥你的（全部）潜力 have the potential to do sth. 有做某事的潜力 the potential for(doing)sth. （做）某事的可能性/潜在性 I dont feel Im realizing my full potential in my present job. 我觉得在目前的工作中我没有 完全

5、发挥我的潜力。 He has the potential to become a world-class musician.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。 The company certainly has the potential for growth. 那家公司肯定有发展潜力。 （2）adj.可能的，潜在的。常置于名词前作定语。 potential danger/customers 潜在的危险/顾客 She was the first to realize the potential danger of their situation.她是第一个意识到他们的 处境有潜在危险的人。 3. c

6、hallenge The path before you leads to a world full of challenge: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. 你们面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界：新环境、新知识和新思维方 式。 用法详解 （1） n.C，U挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战 take up/accept a challenge 接受挑战 meet a challenge 迎接挑战 Ive promised to finish the task by Friday, but it

7、s going to be quite a challenge.我答应星期 五之前完成任务，但这将是一个相当大的挑战。 When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up.当你面 临挑战的时候，你必须相信你能克服它，而且决不放弃。 He was very confident and always ready to accept/ take up any challenges.他很自信， 总是准 备好接受任何挑战。 Life is a challenge, and only those

8、 who meet the challenge truly know what it means.生命是 一项挑战，只有那些迎接挑战的人才能真正体会其意义。 （2）vt.向挑战；对表示怀疑 challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 Mary challenged me to play another tennis game.玛丽向我挑战，要我跟她再打一场网球。 Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun.现在没

9、有人会对 地球绕着太阳转这一事实表示怀疑。 There is a challenge from Class Two. They want to challenge us to a basketball game, so we have to be ready to meet the challenge next week. 二班（向我们）发起了挑战。他们想向 我们挑战，要我们跟他们打一场篮球赛，所以我们必须做好准备，下周迎接这个挑战。 归纳拓展 challenger n.C挑战者 challenging adj.挑战性的 4. lie in However, for those of you

10、with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.但是，对于你 们当中那些思想积极的人来说，机会存在于每一个挑战中。 用法详解 lie in 意为存在，在于” ，其后可跟名词或 v-ing 作宾语。通常不用于进行时。 The solution to the problem lies in the improvement of the economic environment.这个问题 的解决办法在于经济环境的改善。 The difficulty lies in providing sufficient evidence.困难在于要

11、提供足够的证据。 5. rise to When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.当你们克服困难迎接挑战时，你们就有机会获得丰富的知识，享受个 人成长。 用法详解 rise to 意为“能够处理；有能力处理（突发情况、问题等） ” ，to 是介词。 rise to the challenge/challenges 应付挑战 Its not an easy task, but Im sure John wil

12、l rise to the challenge.这不是一项容易的任务，但 我确信约翰能应付这个挑战。 6. effort Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 最重要的是，你们在高中的时光和努力将开启你潜力的大门。 用法详解 （1）n.U，C努力，费力的事 with(an)effort 费力地 without effort 毫不费力地 put effort into sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort to do st

13、h. 不遗余力地做某事 With(an)effort she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。 Mary puts a lot of effort into the programme.玛丽在这个节目上花了很多精力。 Its a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却非常值得。 He spared no effort to make her happy again.为使她重新快乐起来，他想尽了办法。 （2） n.C尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接不定式作后置定语

14、。 make an effort/ make effort 作出努力 make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事 in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 Whats the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? 如果他自己不努力，那你觉得帮他又有什么意义呢?（江西高考） The school clubs are making every effort to interest more students.学校俱乐部正在尽

15、一切 努力来吸引更多的学生。 The company has employed another 150 workers in an effort to expand business.公司为了扩 张业务又招了 150 名工人。 7. advance Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 谁知道你们将创作出怎样美丽的艺术作品，取得 怎样的医学进步，或者研发出多么

16、惊人的技术！ 用法详解 (1) n.C，U 进步，进展；C前进，行进 make an advance in 在方面取得进展 in advance 预先，事先 in advance of在前面； （发展上）超前 Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness now can be cured.医学的最新进展 意味着这种疾病现在可以治愈。 The subject of the meeting is announced a week in advance.会议的主题提前一周宣布。 His ideas were well in adv

17、ance of the age in which he lived.他的思想远远超出了他所处的 时代。 （2）vi.前进，行进；vi. 在句中，one 替代的是可数名词单数 club。 考点提炼 替代词的用法 在英语中，为了避免重复，常用一些替代词替代前面出现过的名词。常见的替代词有：one, ones, the one, the ones, that 和 those。 辨析比较 one/ones/the one/the ones/that/those 易混词语 区 别 one 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词单数，相当于“a/an+可数名词单数” 。 I hope there are enou

18、gh books for each guest to have one.我希望有足够的 书，让每一位嘉宾都可以有一本。 ones 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数。 There are many books in this shop. Would you recommend some good ones? 这家商店里有很多书，你能推荐一些不错的吗? the one 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词单数，相当于“the+可数名词单数” ，后面 常有定语修饰。 The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.我看

19、到 的那个金发女孩比和你一起跳舞的那个女孩年纪要大一些。 the ones 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数，相当于“the+可数名词复数” 。 The teacher gave apples to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.老师把苹果给了所有学生，除了那些已经拿到了苹果的学生。 that 特指；代替不可数名词或者可数名词单数，但是不能指人，相当于“the+不 可数名词/可数名词单数” 。that 后通常要用介词短语或分词作后置定语。 The population of Japan is much sm

20、aller than that of China.日本的人口要比 中国的少得多。 those 特指；代替可数名词复数，既可指人也可指物，相当于“the+可数名词复数” ， 有时可以和 the ones 互换。those 后通常用介词短语或分词作后置定语。 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现， 早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的 人睡得好。 （2018全国卷） 7. I like it so much that I

21、 still use it as my alarm! 我非常喜欢它，所以我还用它作我的闹钟！ 考点提炼 so.that 结构 so.that.表示 “如此以至于” ， 引导结果状语从句时， so 后通常接形容词或副词， 其具体用法如下： 形容词/副词 形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数 many/few+可数名词复数 much/little（少的）+不可数名词 Wang Peng is so crazy about football that he spends nearly all of his spare time playing football.王鹏对足球非常痴迷，几乎所有的空闲时间都用来

22、踢足球了。 She speaks English so fluently that many people think she is a native of England.她英语说得 非常流利，很多人认为她是一个土生土长的英国人。 The Great Wall is so well-known a tourist attraction that millions of people visit it every year. 长城是一个非常著名的旅游胜地，每年都有数百万人参观它。 There were so few guests that the host felt sad.宾客如此少，主人很

23、伤心。 We had so little time that we couldnt finish the work on schedule.我们的时间太少了，因此 我们不能如期完成那项工作。 归纳拓展 such.that.也表示“如此以至于” ，但 such 修饰名词，其具体用法为： a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数 so+ +that such+ +that 形容词+不可数名词 形容词+可数名词复数 It is such a heavy box that I cant lift it. (=It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it.)箱子太重，我 提不起来。 He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher.他进步非常快，老师表扬了 他。 巧学妙记 so 和 such 的用法区别： 名前 such，形副 so； 多多少少（many/much/few/little）也用 so； little 一词特殊记， “小”用 such,“少”用 so。