牛津译林版2020高一英语 必修一 Unit1 Back to school 知识点学案.doc

1、 1 学生姓名：学生姓名： 辅导内容：辅导内容： U1U1 教学目标：教学目标：重点单词：focus/detail/base/remind/aim/proposal/exchange/contribution 重点短语：as a result of 重点句型：sothat”意为 “如此以至于/过去分词作状语 【同步知识梳理】【同步知识梳理】 知识点知识点 1：focus n. 焦点，重点，中心点焦点，重点，中心点 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 课文原句： Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标会让你的生活有重点。 例：Our main f

2、ocus is on helping people get back into work. 我们关注的重点是帮助人们再就业。 vt. from 知识点知识点 4：base vt. 以以为基础（依据）为基础（依据） n. 根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 课文原句： Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. 相反，你应该基于你的能力和技巧 来定目标。 2 常用搭配：be based on / upon 以为根据/ 基础 例：Being

3、 an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. = Based on emotion rather than on reason, your important decision will make you regretful sooner or later. 把重 要的决定建立在情感之上，而不是理性之上，你早晚要后悔的。 联想词：basic adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的 basically adv. 基本的，从跟本上说 basis n. 基础 （pl.）

4、bases 例题训练：例题训练： _(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. Basing 知识点知识点 5：remind vt.提醒提醒, 使想起使想起 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 课文原句： This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会让你想到你再为什么 而努力并且让你精力集中。 常见用法： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某

5、人某事，是某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人. 例：The pictures will remind me of the days when we were in our hometown. 这些照片让我想起我们在故乡的 日子。 I have to remind myself that some birds arent meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. 我得经 常提醒自己，有些鸟儿是关不住的，他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。 例题训练：例题训练： Th

6、e letter was an uncomfortable _(remind) of my debts. reminder 知识点知识点 6：proposal propose vt. 提议；建议提议；建议 suggestion / recommendation / advice （同义词）（同义词） 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 原文：Proposal for a new club 成立新俱乐部的提议、 n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚 put forward/ come up with a proposal 提出建议 make a proposal 提出建议；求婚 propose (doin

7、g) sth. 提议(做)某事 propose that （should）do 提议/建议做 How could you make a proposal without a ring? 你怎么可以去求婚而不带上戒指呢？ He was the first person to propose the construction of the bridge. 他是第一个提议建这座桥的人。 She proposed that the book should be banned. 她提议查禁这本书 例题训练：例题训练： He _ which was worth consideration. 他提出一项值得

8、考虑的建议 _ pay the money from public funds. 有人提议用公款支付这笔钱。 His proposal that the system _ was rejected. 他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。 【答案】 put forward a proposal It was proposed to should be changed 知识点知识点 7：aim n. 目的，目标，瞄准目的，目标，瞄准 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 课文原句： Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部目的：提高短篇故事

9、的写作技巧。 3 常用搭配： take aim at 瞄准，批评； achieve ones aim 达到某人的目的 with the aim of目的是 例：Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成这些目标需要团队合作。 vi. 吉利的 misfortune n. 不幸 unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 知识点知识点 12：attract vt. 吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应）吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应） 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 例：The one that attra

10、cted me most was the Rugby club. 最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。 常见搭配： attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某物 例：Professor David Wilson thinks that it can attract the polices attention to group behavior. 戴维 威尔逊教授认 为它可以吸引警察关注群体行为。 联想词：attraction n. 吸引力，有吸引力的事，向往的地方 tourist attraction 风景区 attracti

11、ve adj. 有吸引力的 知识点知识点 13：过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 原文：原文： Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来 设定目标。设定目标。 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词作方式状语。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一 个状语从句。可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，结果等。 Asked (When he was asked) what had

12、 happened, his face turned red. （时间状语） 当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。 Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. （原因状语） 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. （条件状语） 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Left (Alth

13、ough he was left) at home, John didnt feel afraid at all. （让步状语） 虽然 John 被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。 She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter. （伴随状语） 她走出房子，后面跟着她小女儿。 例题训练：例题训练： _, water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 _what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with.),

14、the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 _ in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 _ a hundred times, he still cant understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。 She sat by the window, _ in thought. When heated Satisfied with Grown Explained lost 知识点知识点 14：sothat 引导结果状语

15、从句引导结果状语从句 原文：原文： I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我是那么的喜欢它以至于我仍然拿它当闹钟！我是那么的喜欢它以至于我仍然拿它当闹钟！ 用法解析及拓展：用法解析及拓展： 本句中本句中“sothat”意为意为 “如此如此以至于以至于”so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词；是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that 引导结果状语从句。具体引导结果状语从句。具体 形式如下：形式如下： so + adj./adv + that 从句 so +adj.+ a/an+ 可数名词单数 + that 从句 so + many/ few/ mu

16、ch/ little + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 + that 从句 例：The stone is so heavy that I cant lift it up. This is so important a meeting that you should attend it. 6 There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. 备注： so that 也可以连在一起使用；可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句；引导目

17、的状语从句相当于 “in order that” She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. Youve adjusted the microscope so that it reflects! such that 中中 such 常用来修饰名词，具体形式如下：常用来修饰名词，具体形式如下： such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that 从句 such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 She is suc

18、h a good teacher that all of us love and respect her. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 例题训练：例题训练： 他是如此聪明的一个孩子以至于老师们都很喜欢他 _ _ He is so clever that teachers like him very much. He is such a clever boy that teachers

19、like him very much. 【同步【同步语法语法梳理】梳理】 句子成分和句子结构句子成分和句子结构 一句子成分一句子成分 句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有 主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1. 主语主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和 倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词 化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 指出下列句子中的主语及它的性质：指出下列句子中的主语及

20、它的性质： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an Eng

21、lish test has not been decided. country music （名词） We （代词） One-third （数词） To swim （不定式） Smoking （动名词） The rich （名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test （主语从句） 2谓语谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成 如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或

22、其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 3. 表语表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句 表示。 指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质：指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质： Our teacher of English is an

23、 American. 7 Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad. American （名词） yours

24、 （代词） cold. （形容词） exciting （分词） twenty one exciting （数词） to teach English（不定式） playing football（动名词） out of order（介词短语） up/ over.（副词） that he has never been abroad（表语从句） 4. 宾语宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质：指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. The heavy rain

25、prevented me form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. exhibition （名词） me （代词） five （数词） the old （名词化形容词） no

26、t to see me （不定式短语） listening to popular music （动名词短语） listening to popular music（宾语从句） 宾语种类宾语种类：（：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their monitor. 5. 宾语补足语宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有 宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如

27、make 等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不 定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质：指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质： His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon

28、make our city what your city is now. Dongming （名词） white （形容词） in（副词） to lend his money to you（不定式短语） entering the room（现在分词） in good order（介词短语） what your city is now（从句） 6. 定语定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质：指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; Am

29、erica is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. beautiful（形容

30、词） developing/ developed （代词） women （名词） 8 His （代词） to enter the classroom （不定式短语） teaching （动名词） about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7. 状语：状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed

31、the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 指出下列句子中的状语以及其种类指出下列句子中的状语以及其种类: How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I sh

32、all go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状

33、语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） at six（时间状语） because of the rain（原因状语） if it doesnt rain（条件状语） on the third floor （地点状语） with great care （方式状语） with a dictionary in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others（目的状语） he fell asleep immediately（结果

34、状语） though she is old（让步状语） than he is（比较状语） 8. 同位语 对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。 Tom, my best friend, left for London yesterday. 二英语句子的基本结构二英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型， 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 1： （主谓） 2： （主谓宾） 3： （主系表） 4： （主谓间宾直宾） 5： （主谓宾宾补） 1. 主主 + 谓谓（SV） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动

35、词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 例如：The water is boiling . 水开了。 They have been waiting there for hours. 他们一直在那儿等了数小时。 The train will leave soon. 火车就要开了。 2. 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾（SVO） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必 须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后， 一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是

36、代词宾格，如：me，him，them 等 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。 They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。 He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 3. 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾（SVO） 9 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必 须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后， 一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them 等

37、 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。 They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。 He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 4. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语（SVOO） 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：间接宾语多由代词或名词充当；直接宾语， 往往由名词充当。 这类句型常有给某人某物、送某人某物、留给某人某物等意思。 例如：He brought me a coat. 他给我带来一件大衣。 Pass me the dictionary, p

38、lease. 请将词典递给我。 I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。 5. 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾 + 宾补（宾补（SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况： 有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构 （即： 宾语 + 宾语补足语） 。 在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语做什么、怎么样等方面进行补充说明。 例如：We elected him our monitor . 我们选他当班长。 The news made me happy . 那消息使我很高兴。 We know him to be an expert . 我们知道他是专家。 He heard somebody o

39、pening the door . 他听见有人在开门。 I found myself in dark . 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 练习： 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His

40、job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it

41、important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20.

42、The apples tasted sweet. 1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状 语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语； 14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾 补；19、宾补；20、表语 【精题精练精讲】【精题精练精讲】 一. 单词拼写 1. Wed better discuss everything in _ (细节) before we work out the plan. 2. The

43、 photos _ (提醒) us that we all appreciate beauty. 10 3. Your _ (建议) is being actively considered. 4. This _ (技能) is useful but it has its limitations. 5. His _ (职业的) career started at Colgate University. 6. A distinction should be made between the primary and _ (次要的)tasks. 7. We need to promote an op

44、en _ (交流)of ideas and information. 8. She had a pretty _ (艰难的) childhood. 9. He made a very positive _ (贡献) to the success of the project. 10. _ (幸运的是) , she knew at once what to do. 11. I would unhesitatingly choose the latter _ (选择). 12. Films with big stars always _ (吸引)great attention. 二. 单句语法 1

45、. _ the basis of practice, this theory was generally accepted. 2. The volunteers tried to calm the _ (alarm) children down. 3. I did some housework for him in exchange _ three means a day. 4. _ (attract) by the sweet voice, I walked into the old house. 5. His _ (contribute) to the world was really a

46、dmirable. 6. His _ (propose) was refused by his boss, which made him a little sad. 7. The girl does three part-time jobs aiming _ (pay) off her school loan. 8. My mother often remind me _ (mind) my manners in public. 9. The old man fell down. _ (fortunate), some passengers helped him. 10. Whatever happens, he will stick _ his goal of entering a top university. 一. 单词拼写 1.detail 2. remind 3. proposal 4. technique 5. professional 6. secondary 7. exchange 8. tough 9. contribution 10. Fortunately 11. option 12. attract 二. 单句语法 1. On 2. alarmed 3. for 4. Attracted 5.