定语从句 （ppt课件）-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

1、Grammar定语从句常考形式 考查关系词的选择 考查“介词+关系代词”考查定语从句的主谓一致 阅读、完型、写作中运用和理解修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful girla pretty boybeautifulpretty定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the film that I have seen.定语从句the film 先行词先行词that关系词定义定义定语从句的种类定语从句的种类This is the film that I have seen.I watched a movie yesterday,

2、which was very inspiring.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句I failed the exam again,which made my parents very angry.这是我看过的电影.我昨天看了一部电影，电影非常鼓舞人心。我考试又没及格，这让我父母很生气。This is the film that I have seen.关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用关系词的作用 1 23找出确定判断thatThe usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句

3、中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseof+which/whomThe usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhy时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语介词+which难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？缺主语：从句以动词开始We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.The man _ is standing there is my teacher.thatwho A beautiful painting over 170

4、square meters in size,_ was created by a famous artist,was worn.If everyone on your team is working different hours,you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day,night or weekend,_ can create an“always on”environment.Many women _ graduate with STEM degrees undertake advanced study i

5、n the U.S.and return to assume senior roles at institutions in their home countrywhichwhichthat/who难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？缺宾（表）语：先行词可以放在谓语动词后面The letter _ I received from him is very important.This is the factory _ I visited years ago.thatthat难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？Therefore,the tim

6、e _ a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited.(2019全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.which/that which 缺宾（表）语：先行词可以放在谓语动词后面难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？缺定语：从句以名词开始，跟先行词是从属关系，即“先行词s+名词”，翻译成“先行词 的名词”

7、This is the child _ father is a teacher.Id like a room _ window faces the south.whosewhose难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？E-commerce(电子商务)was gradually brought to China by Ma,_ success has inspired many Chinese businessmen.In 1939,J.M.W.Turner began work on his painting,_ title is The Fighting Temeraire.whosew

8、hose缺定语：从句以名词开始，跟先行词是从属关系，即“先行词s+名词”，翻译成“先行词 的名词”难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？缺状语：从句完整，不缺主语或宾（表）语，不缺定语。先行词表时间、地点或原因。I dont know the reason _ he came so late.Ill never forget the day _ we met.This is the place _ the story happened.whywhenwhere注意：一些表示抽象地点的名词：point,activity,condition,situation,case,circumstanc

9、e,state,scene 等作先行词时，关系副词用where.This is the city where I grew up.This is the city that I visited last year.She will never forget the day that she spent in Beijing.She will never forget the day when she stayed with him in Beijing.难点1：如何判断先行词在从句中充当的成分？3只用只用that不用不用which的情况和只用的情况和只用which不用不用that的情况的情况只

10、用只用that的的情况情况(1)当先行词是当先行词是all，much，little，few，something，everything，any，anything，nothing，none等等不定代词不定代词或者先行词被或者先行词被all，any，no，little，few，much等修饰时；等修饰时；(2)当先行词被当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰或者先行词本身为修饰或者先行词本身为序数词或最高级时；序数词或最高级时；(3)先行词被先行词被the only，the very等修饰时；等修饰时；(4)先行词中既先行词中既有人又有物时有人又有物时只用只用which的的情况情况(

11、1)在在非限制性非限制性定语从句中；定语从句中；(2)在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”结构中结构中分类规则只用who不用whom的情况当先行词是one,ones,anyone,all,those 指人指人时；3只用只用who不用不用whom的情况的情况 The reality is so cruel that he wishes everything _ happened was untrue.In fact,IELTS is the only English language test _ is accepted by all countries.In Chinese culture,Lon

12、g,or dragon,has the strongest power _ helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell,and make cloud and rains.Researchers are creating the first robot _ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do.We are always doing things that someone else makes us do and arent allowed to do all the

13、 things _ we like.thatthatthatthatthat4.关系代词关系代词as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别位置位置as从句可位于从句可位于句首、句中或句末句首、句中或句末，而而which从句一般从句一般只能放在主句之后只能放在主句之后词义词义as常表示常表示“正如正如，正像正像”，而而which常表示常表示“这这，这这一点一点，这件事这件事”4.关系代词关系代词as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别as常用在下列习惯用语中：常用在下列习惯用语中：as(it)often happens,正如经常发生的那样

14、正如经常发生的那样as is often the case,情况常常如此；这是常有的事情况常常如此；这是常有的事as is expected,正如所预料的那样正如所预料的那样as is known to us,众所周知众所周知as is shown 如如所示所示考点2：介词+关系代词（which/whom）6.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”结构结构介词的选择介词的选择(1)根据介词与从句中谓语根据介词与从句中谓语动词或形容词动词或形容词的习惯搭配；的习惯搭配；(2)根据介词与根据介词与先行词先行词的习惯搭配；的习惯搭配；(3)根据句子所要表达的根据句子所要表达的意思意思搭配搭配关系代词的确定关系

15、代词的确定(1)介词介词whom(指人指人)；(2)介词介词which(指事物指事物)；(3)介词介词which名词名词(which代替指示代词代替指示代词)“介词关系代词”中介词的选择1根据动词或形容词与介词的搭配。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John.The floor on which youre standing is covered with black mirrors.考点2：介词+关系代词

16、（which/whom）2根据介词与先行词的习惯搭配 There are many large rivers in China,among which the Changjiang River and the Yellow River are the longest and most important.In return,Chinese received fruits and vegetables,some of which were unknown in Asia before then,along with glass products and carpets.He has three

17、children,two of whom are college students.考点2：介词+关系代词（which/whom）2根据介词与先行词的习惯搭配表示表示“整体和部分关系整体和部分关系”时，时，介词常用介词常用of。(1)在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom；(2)the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。考点2：介词+关系代词（which/whom）考点2：介词+关系代词（which/whom）3根据从句的意义来确定介词。I wish

18、to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers accident.Here was someone with whom I could share my feelings.定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _(be)afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _(be)no

19、t fit for this job isam考点3：定语从句中主谓一致问题【典例【典例1】(2023新高考新高考卷卷)There was once a town in the heart of America,_ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings.【典例【典例2】(2023全国乙全国乙卷卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place _ welcomes the fast-paced development of moder

20、n life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.Practice makes perfect!wherewhich/that【典例【典例1】(2020新高考新高考卷卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum _opened in 1759.解析：解析：wh

21、ich/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应填入定语从句的引导词此处应填入定语从句的引导词，先行词是物先行词是物，定语从句缺少主定语从句缺少主语语，故用关系代词故用关系代词which/that。Practice makes perfect!【典例【典例2】(2020全国全国卷卷)In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.解析：解析：whose考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子子，缺少连接词缺少连接词，根据后面的根据后面的pai

22、ntings可知可知，需要填入的词应需要填入的词应该和该和paintings构成所属关系构成所属关系，故填故填whose。【典例【典例3】(2020全国全国卷卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.解析：解析：where考查定语从句。根据句子结构可

23、知考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，空格空格后是一个句子后是一个句子，而空格前是一个名词。结合句意而空格前是一个名词。结合句意，空格后的句空格后的句子应是定语从句子应是定语从句，从句缺地点状语从句缺地点状语，故用关系副词故用关系副词where。【典例【典例4】(2020江苏卷江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online，from _students can choose for free.解析：解析：which考查定语从句。句意：现在网上提供了很多考查定语从句。句意：现在网上提供了很多课程课程，学生可以从中免费选用。该从句是由学生可以从中免费选用。该从句是由

24、“介词关系代介词关系代词词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句，先行词是先行词是many lessons，故关系代词选故关系代词选择择which。1.(2021全国新高考卷)I decided that if I learned of a company _ used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to cut back.2.(2020全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a sat

25、ellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.3.(2020新高考全国卷)The Digital World is a set of volumes _ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.that/

26、whichPractice makes perfect!wherewhich/that常考形式 考查关系词的选择 考查“介词+关系代词”考查定语从句的主谓一致 阅读、完型、写作中运用和理解高分句式学习：定语从句1.Tom获得过演讲比赛一等奖。Tom英语很厉害。Tom won the first prize in the English speech contest.Tom is very good at English.Tom,who won the first prize in the English speech contest,is very good at English.2.我们学校

27、将举办一个露天晚会。老师和家长都会参加这个晚会。Our school will hold an open-air party.All the teachers and parents will participate in it.Our school will hold an open-air party,in which all the teachers and parents will participate.高分句式学习：定语从句3.我们要每天锻炼身体。这会让我们变得更健康强壮。We should do exercises everyday.It will make us healthier and stronger.We should do exercises everyday,which will make us healthier and stronger.4.Smith教授会教我们如何欣赏诗歌。这会让我们受益匪浅。Professor Smith will teach us how to enjoy poems.It will benefit us a lot.Professor Smith will teach us how to enjoy poems,which will benefit us a lot.