完形填空解题策略（ppt课件）-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

1、Cloze Test高考英语完形填空解题技巧和方法高考英语完形填空解题技巧和方法Quiz on CLOZE test:1.Do you think there are methods of doing cloze?2.Do you sometimes guess?Or do you depend on your feeling?3.Do you make your choice without finishing reading the whole passage?4.Do you make your choice one after another,following the order?5

2、.Do you review the passage after filling all the blanks?Teaching aims:1.Features of cloze test.(完形的命题规律)2.Stratages.（应对策略）3.Check our homework.(练习题2012高考)命题规律Features of cloze test 完形填空命题规律 1.从选择文章的角度(selected articles form)2.从所挖空格的角度(blanks)3.从所拟选项的角度(multiple choices)应对策略(strategies)策略1.从选择文章的角度(s

3、elected articles form)年度（年）年度（年）20112010 话题一个自身取得非凡成绩的女儿回忆母亲拼搏进取的经历，阐述母亲言行对自身成长的激励过程。一位负责校区治安工作的警察利用业余时间组织学生钓鱼，以聊天的方式教育学生远离毒品，远离暴力。体材特征1.抒情为主，心灵独白2.时间顺序3.母亲的拼搏进取精神和对作者人生的影响1.叙事为主2.时间顺序3.突出主人公高度的社会责任感1.从选择文章的角度(selected articles form)n体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合或者抒情为主。n故事富有哲理，教育意义，积极进取。n按照一定线索行文（时间、地点 或心理变化）n内部逻辑清

4、晰，层次分明 返回1.从选择文章的角度(selected articles form)年度（年）年度（年）20112010 话题一个自身取得非凡成绩的女儿回忆母亲拼搏进取的经历，阐述母亲言行对自身成长的激励过程。一位负责校区治安工作的警察利用业余时间组织学生钓鱼，以聊天的方式教育学生远离毒品，远离暴力。题材特征1.抒情为主，心灵独白2.时间顺序3.母亲的拼搏进取精神和对作者人生的影响1.叙事为主2.时间顺序3.突出主人公高度的社会责任感2016？2.从所挖空格的角度(blanks)n首句不设空n20空，平均每14词挖一个空格 n具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则重复原则”挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文

5、中给出解题的线索。并且，某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子，或上一句或下一句，或上几句或下几句，所以我们在考场上应逾越空格所在的单句，结合更宏观的上下文来解题。返回完形填空命题特点天津卷总是考夹叙夹议，或者记叙文。2021年3月这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。完形填空命题特点2021年6月是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢

6、表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。2020年3月这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过记叙作者的成长经历发表对父亲的一些看法和对父亲态度的转变的一些观点，那就是父子关系与成长的关系至关重要。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。完形填空命题特点2020年6月是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现-孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍

7、。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。完形填空命题特点2019年3月本文为记叙文。作者在上中学之前的夏天，读了他们在晚上把动物关在笼子里这本书。这是一个关于詹宁斯的故事，一个男孩住过不同的孤儿院，只有他的毛绒玩具狗狗作伴。作者想给这些孤儿院的孩子们收集一些毛绒玩具，于是成立了“抱抱伙伴”组织，并把它做得越来越大。完形填空命题特点2019年6月是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，一个陌生人Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动，体会到人们还是愿意互相帮助的。完形填空命题特点2018年3月是一篇记叙文。

8、作者数年的口齿不清，使作者明白：少说为佳免尴尬，但是一次写作课上，尽管遭到了同学们的嘲笑，但是在老师的鼓励下，作者向全班同学朗诵了自己的写作，结果获得了老师和同学们的赞扬和掌声。此后作者每当听见那些窃窃私语都企图告诉作者保持安静的时候，作者都会想起同学的鼓励。作者明白应当让别人去聆听自己的作品，自己的声音。完形填空命题特点2018年6月是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，一个陌生人Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动，体会到人们还是愿意互相帮助的。总结：选材特点n1.夹叙夹议n2.弘扬主旋律，传播正能量。3.从所拟选项的角度(multiple c

9、hoices)n四选项同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分n语法规则非重点，强调词义辨析n所设选择以实词为主,虚词为辅返回201220112010n./pron.666Adj./adv.222v.868Prep.120Conj.1222013年高考天津卷说明应对策略(strategies)Words&phrases-固定搭配固定搭配(collocation)Sentence(s)-词义辨析词义辨析(analyze)逻辑推理逻辑推理(logic)Paragraph(s)-上下文上下文(context)词义复现词义复现(reiteration)点点线线面面Strategy1 Collocatio

10、n(固定搭配)注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：择正确的短语。例如：例例1：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A.for B.by C.to D.of分析分析:表示表示“自取，随便拿自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为故答案为C。例例2 A woman in

11、 her sixties lived alone in her little cottage with a pear tree at the door.She spent all her time taking care of the tree.But the children nearby drove her 21 by making fun of her.They would climb her tree and then run away with pears,22shouting “Aunty Misery”at her.21.A.hopeless B.painful C.dull D

12、.crazyStrategy 1 Collocation(固定搭配)扎实基础，扎实基础，搞清辨异搞清辨异例例1.1.Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout分析分析:选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。Strategy 2:Analyze（词义辨析）

13、Strategy2:Analyze（词义辨析）例例 2.Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a _1_ in Long Island had been _2_ by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with$150 000.1.A store B bank C station D house 2.A searched for B held up C taken over D broken in

14、to 例例1 寻求上下寻求上下逻辑逻辑，从容确定关系，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit.A.and B.for C.but D.as分析分析:根据句前的根据句前的many years和句后的和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词答案应选表示转折的连词but.Strategy 3:Logic（逻辑推理）Strategy 3:Logic（逻辑推理）例例2 Some parts of th

15、e water are very shallow.But in some places it is very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous同样，可以根据转折连词同样，可以根据转折连词but but 来判断前后关系。要来判断前后关系。要注意：注意：but,however,unfortunately,yet,etc.but,however,unfortunately,yet,etc.还要注意些表否定的词如还要注意些表否定的词如rather than,instead of rather than,instead of Many old people dont ha

16、ve good _.ABCStrategy 4:Context（上下文）Strategy 5:Reiteration(词义复现)词义复现就是正确选项的意义是上下文中已出现词义复现就是正确选项的意义是上下文中已出现 了的了的同一个单词同一个单词或者或者同义异形词同义异形词或者反义词或者反义词。例例1:There were many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothe

17、s were just two of the recommended _.A.cases B.tools C.steps D.methods根据上文提到的根据上文提到的many waysmany ways，推断出这里，推断出这里应该填应该填waysways的同义词的同义词methodsmethods，意思是，意思是“推荐的方法推荐的方法”。例例2：When I entered Berkeley,I hoped to earn a scholarship The last hurdle(障碍障碍)was the final.No matter what 48 I got,it wouldnt c

18、ancel three C-pluses.I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.I was speechless when my course grade arrived:A-plus.It was the only A-plus given.The next year I received my scholarship.Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson:you alone must set your own standard of excellence.48.A.grade B.answer C.le

19、sson D.comment49.A.scholarship B.course C.degree D.subject Strategy 5:Reiteration(词义复现)4.上下文语境上下文语境（Context)1.固定固定搭配搭配（Collocation）2.词义辨析词义辨析（Analyze）3.逻辑分析逻辑分析 (Logical Analysis)解题策略解题策略5.词义复现词义复现 (Reiteration)n Every America knows the Mayflower.The Mayflower is the name of the famous _1_ that _2_

20、from England to the new world in 1620.There were 102 pilgrims(移居美国的英国清教徒)on board.It was a dangerous trip for one small ship to make,and it _3_more than 66 days.The pilgrims were very _4_ when they finally saw land.n In this New World,there were no houses or towns.They had to build their own _5_,whi

21、ch became known as Plymouth,Massachusetts.1.A flower B ship C film D place 2.A flew B sailed C planted D grew 3.A made B took C spent D lost 4.A painful B powerful C fearful D thankful 5.A ship B house C fields D cityYosemite National ParkE1 capitan I fell in love with Yosemite I fell in love with Y

22、osemite National Park the first time INational Park the first time Isaw it,when I was 13.Mysaw it,when I was 13.Myparents took us there forparents took us there forcamping.On the way out,Icamping.On the way out,Iasked them to wait while I ranasked them to wait while I ranup to E1 Capitan,a _16_up to

23、 E1 Capitan,a _16_rock of 3,300 feet straight up.Irock of 3,300 feet straight up.Itouched that giant rock andtouched that giant rock andknew _17_ I wanted toknew _17_ I wanted toclimb it.That has been myclimb it.That has been mylifelifes passion(s passion(钟爱钟爱)ever)ever since _18_ the rocks andsince

24、 _18_ the rocks andmountains of Yosemite.Imountains of Yosemite.Ivevelong made Yosemite mylong made Yosemite my_19_._19_.16.A.distant 16.A.distant B.huge B.huge C.narrow C.narrow D.loose D.loose17.A.immediately17.A.immediately B.finally B.finally C.gradually C.gradually D.recently D.recently18.A.ima

25、gining 18.A.imagining B.painting B.painting C.describing C.describing D.climbing D.climbing19.A.garden 19.A.garden B.home B.home C.lab C.lab D.palace D.palacehugehugeimmediatelyimmediatelyclimbingclimbinghome home 下文有提示2012年天津高考年天津高考固定搭配 About 15 years ago I startedAbout 15 years ago I startedseeing

26、 a lot of _20_,likeseeing a lot of _20_,liketoilet paper,beer cans,andtoilet paper,beer cans,andempty boxes,around the area.empty boxes,around the area.ItIts _s _ 2121 _ me why visitors_ me why visitorsstarted respecting the placestarted respecting the place_22_ and treated such a_22_ and treated su

27、ch abeautiful home-like place this way.beautiful home-like place this way.I tried _23_ trash(I tried _23_ trash(垃圾垃圾)myself,but the job was too big.Imyself,but the job was too big.Iwould _24_an hour or two would _24_an hour or two ononthe job,only to find the areathe job,only to find the areaTrashed

28、 all over again weeks later.Trashed all over again weeks later.Finally,I got so _25_ it that IFinally,I got so _25_ it that Idecided something had to change.decided something had to change.20.A.material 20.A.material B.resources B.resources C.waste C.waste D.goods D.goods21.A.beyond 21.A.beyond B.ag

29、ainst B.against C.Over C.Over D.within D.within22.A.more 22.A.more B.most B.most C.less C.less D.least D.least23.A.throwing away 23.A.throwing away B.picking up B.picking up C.breaking down C.breaking down D.digging out D.digging out24.A.kill B.save 24.A.kill B.save C.wait D.spend C.wait D.spend25.A

30、.satisfied with 25.A.satisfied with B.delighted in B.delighted in C.tired of C.tired of D.used to D.used towaste waste beyond beyond less less picking up picking up spendspendtired oftired of 上下文有提示2012年天津高考年天津高考 As a rock-climbing guide,IAs a rock-climbing guide,Iknew _ 26_ about organizing knew _

31、26_ about organizing any big event.But in 2004,any big event.But in 2004,together with some climbers,I together with some climbers,I set a date for a _ 27 _.On thatset a date for a _ 27 _.On thatday,more than 300 peopleday,more than 300 people_ 28 _.Over three days we_ 28 _.Over three days wecollect

32、ed about 6,000 pounds ofcollected about 6,000 pounds oftrash.trash.It was amazing how muchIt was amazing how muchwe were able to _ 29 _.Iwe were able to _ 29 _.Icouldncouldnt believe the _ 30 _ t believe the _ 30 _ wewemade-the park looked clean!made-the park looked clean!Each year volunteers come f

33、or Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.Inthe cleanup from everywhere.In2007 alone,2,945 people picked2007 alone,2,945 people pickedup 42,330 pounds of trash andup 42,330 pounds of trash and_ 31 _ 132 miles of roadway._ 31 _ 132 miles of roadway.26.A.something 26.A.something B.a

34、nything B.anything C.everything C.everything D.nothing D.nothing27.A.cleanup 27.A.cleanup B.party B.party C.picnic C.picnic D.concertD.concert28.A.dropped out 28.A.dropped out B.showed up B.showed up C.looked around C.looked around D.called back D.called back29.A.demand 29.A.demand B.receive B.recei

35、ve C.accomplish C.accomplish D.overcome D.overcome30.A.plan 30.A.plan B.visit B.visit C.contact C.contact D.difference D.difference31.A.crossed 31.A.crossed B.measured B.measured C.covered C.covered D.designed D.designednothingnothingcleanupcleanupshowed upshowed up accomplishaccomplishdifferencedif

36、ferencecovered covered 一词多义固定搭配make a difference 2012年天津高考年天津高考 I often hear people I often hear people _ 32 _ about their _ 32 _ about their surroundings.If you aresurroundings.If you areone of them,I would sayone of them,I would saythe only way to changethe only way to changethings is by _33_ thin

37、gs is by _33_ rather than complaining.rather than complaining.We need to teach by We need to teach by _ 34 _.You cant blame_ 34 _.You cant blameothers _35_ you startothers _35_ you startwith yourself.with yourself.32.A.talk 32.A.talk B.complain B.complain C.argue C.argue D.quarrel D.quarrel33.A.doin

38、g 33.A.doing B.thinking B.thinking C.questioning C.questioning D.watching D.watching34.A.method 34.A.method B.explanation B.explanation C.example C.example D.research D.research35.A.although 35.A.although B.if B.if C.when C.when D.useless D.uselesscomplaincomplain doing doing example example useless

39、uselessIfnot2012年天津高考年天津高考I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it,when I was 13.My parents took us there for camping.On the way out,I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Captain,a _16_ rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew _17_ I wanted to c

40、limb it.That has been my lifes passion(钟爱)ever since-_18_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.Ive long made Yosemite my _19_.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of _20_,like toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes,around the area.Its _21_ me why visitors started respecting the place _22_ and tr

41、eated such a beautiful home-like place this way.I tried _23_trash(垃圾)myself,but the job was too big.I would _24_an hour or two on the job,only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally,I got so _25_ it that I decided something had to change.As a rock-climbing guide,I knew _26_about

42、 organizing any big event.But in 2004,together with some climbers,I set a date for a _27_.On that day,more than 300 people _28_.Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to _29_.I couldnt believe the _30_ we made-the park looked clean!Each year vol

43、unteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.In 2007 alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _31_132 miles of roadway.I often hear people _32_ about their surroundings.If you are one of them,I would say the only way to change things is by _33_ rather than complaining.We need to teach

44、 by _34_.You cant blame others _35_ you start with yourself.2012年天津高考年天津高考 A Love Note To My Mom A Love Note To My MomWhen I was a little girl,would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion photographers.It was years later that finally understood what role modeling 16 in your life.Little did I

45、 known you were 17 every penny you earned to go to 18 school.I cannot thank you enough for 19 you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine.After finishing my homework.I wanted into the dining where you were buried 20 piles of law books.I was 21 .Why were you doing what I domemorizing textbooks a

46、nd studying for 22?When you said you were in law school,I was more puzzled.I didnt known.Moms 23 be lawyers too.You smiled and said,“In life,you can do anything you want to do.”As young as I was,that statement kept 24 in my ears.I watched as you faced the 25 of completing your studies,staring compan

47、ies with Dad,while still being a 26 and a Mom if five kids.I was exhausted just watching you 27 .With your words of wisdom in my 28 mind,I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream.My whole world 29 .I set out to live my life filled with 30 ,seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional

48、achievements.Your words became my motto.I 31 found myself in the unique positionof being either the first(woman doctor in Maryland Rotary)32 one of the few women(chief medical reporters)in my field.I gained strength every time I said,“Yes,Ill try that.”Encouraged by your 33 ,I have forged ahead(毅然前行

49、)with my lifes journey,less afraid to make mistakes,and 34 meeting each challenge.You did it,and now Im 35 it.Sorry,got to run.So much to do,so many dreams to live.2011年天津高考年天津高考Dont abuse REITERATION,or youll be trapped!Advice on Cloze TestnCollocation(固定搭配)word analyze(词义辨析)：Master the basic words

50、 and fixed phrases in the textbooks!掌握课本中的基础词汇和固定搭配掌握课本中的基础词汇和固定搭配Advice on cloze testnLogic(逻辑推理)nContext(上下文语境)nReiteration(词义复现)Have a sense of the whole passage!一定要有语篇观念！每个决定必有依据！一定要有语篇观念！每个决定必有依据！Quiz on CLOZE test:1.Do you think there are methods of doing cloze?2.Do you sometimes guess?Or do y