2024年中考英语语法课件-现在完成时.pptx

1、现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响一动作对现在造成的影响，还表示过去已，还表示过去已经开始，并且经开始，并且持续到现在的动作或状态持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时定义现在完成时定义2 23 31 1现在现在完成时定义三完成时定义三要素要素现在为止已现在为止已经完成或刚经完成或刚刚完成的动刚完成的动作作一个动作开一个动作开始于始于过去并过去并持续到现在持续到现在一件发生在一件发生在过去的事情过去的事情对现在产生对现在产生影响影响第一、二人称单数第一、二人称单数(I/you)/各人称复数各人称复数(we/you/they)+have+过

2、去分词过去分词They have been in Beijing since 2011.他们从他们从2011年起就一直在北京。年起就一直在北京。现在完成时现在完成时肯定句的构成肯定句的构成 I have been to many countries.我去过许多国家。我去过许多国家。现在完成时现在完成时肯定句的构成肯定句的构成第三人称单数第三人称单数(he/she/it)+has+过去分词过去分词Tom has been absent for three days.汤姆三天没来了汤姆三天没来了。She has gone to the town.她进城了。她进城了。现在完成时现在完成时肯定句的构成

3、肯定句的构成We We have knownhave known each other each other since 2005.since 2005.我们从我们从20052005年认识的。年认识的。I I have livedhave lived in Wuhan for in Wuhan for several years.several years.我在武汉住了好几年了。我在武汉住了好几年了。例例1 1例例2 2现在完成时结构现在完成时结构肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词+.+.否定句否定句:主语主语+havent(have not)+ha

4、vent(have not)+过去分词过去分词 主语主语+hasnt(has not)+hasnt(has not)+过去分词过去分词.疑问句疑问句:Have/Has+:Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词.?.?I I havent finished havent finished my homework.my homework.我还没有完成作业。我还没有完成作业。Have Have you you finished finished your homework?your homework?你完成作业了没？你完成作业了没？I I have finished have finished

5、 my homework.my homework.我已经完成作业了。我已经完成作业了。现在完成时的否定句的构成现在完成时的否定句的构成主语主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+宾语宾语，表示没有表示没有做过做过.They havent finished the job yet.他们他们尚未完成该项工作。尚未完成该项工作。She hasnt travelled on a train.她没有坐火车旅行过。她没有坐火车旅行过。I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。我还没有完成我的作业。现在完成时现在完成时的疑问句的疑

6、问句的构成的构成现在完成时的一般疑问句的现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成构成 Have/Has+主语主语+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+宾语宾语Have they finished the job yet?他们还没有完成这项工他们还没有完成这项工作吗？作吗？Have you ever made dumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗你曾经做过饺子吗?Have they found the lost books yet?他们已经找到了丢失的他们已经找到了丢失的书吗书吗?Yes，they have.是的，他们找到是的，他们找到了。了。Yes，I have.是的是的，我做过。，我做过。Yes，they h

7、ave.是的是的，他们还没完成。，他们还没完成。现在完成时现在完成时的疑问句的疑问句的构成的构成现在完成时的特殊疑问句的构成现在完成时的特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句(have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其其他他)When has you seen this film?你什么时候看的这部电影你什么时候看的这部电影?Who has finished doing his homework?谁完成了作业谁完成了作业?现在完成时的标志现在完成时的标志词词 1 1标志词：标志词：already(already(已经已经),yet(),yet(已经已经)already

8、:already:常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中.yet:yet:常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑问句尾疑问句尾.I I have already seenhave already seen this film.this film.我已经看过这部电影了。我已经看过这部电影了。I I havent seenhavent seen this film yet.this film yet.我还没有看这部电影。我还没有看这部电影。HaveHave you you seenseen this film yet?this film yet?你看过这部电影了没？你看过这部电影了没？现在完成时的标志现在完成时的标志

9、词词 2 2since:(since:(自自以来以来)since+since+时间点时间点HeHe has stayedhas stayed here since 5 oclock.here since 5 oclock.since+since+时间段时间段+ago+agoHeHe has stayedhas stayed here since 5 hours ago.here since 5 hours ago.现在完成时的标志现在完成时的标志词词 2 2since+since+从句从句SheShe has taughthas taught English since he came her

10、e.English since he came here.for for:(:(长达）长达）for+for+时间段时间段He He has kepthas kept the book for 2 weeks.the book for 2 weeks.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法表表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we Now we have plantedhave planted all the trees.all the trees.截止目前，我们种完了所有的树。截止目前，我们种完了所有的树。He He has just come ba

11、ckhas just come back.他已经回来了。他已经回来了。They have built many buildings in this city.They have built many buildings in this city.他们在这个城市建成了好多建筑物。他们在这个城市建成了好多建筑物。现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的强调结果或对现在的影响影响。Someone has broken the window.Someone has broken the window.I have already lost the key

12、.I have already lost the key.I havent read that book yet.I havent read that book yet.I have just cleaned my hands.I have just cleaned my hands.(窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)(我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)(不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)(手是干净的手是干净的)现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。She She has learned has learned English f

13、or 5 years.English for 5 years.她学英语已经五年了。她学英语已经五年了。He He has lived has lived in Beijing since he was born.in Beijing since he was born.从他出生那天起就住在北京。从他出生那天起就住在北京。Has Has he livedhe lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?in Shenzhen for 4 years?他住在深圳四年了吗？他住在深圳四年了吗？过去分词的变化（规则）过去分词的变化（规则）一般动词，在词尾直接加一般动词，在词尾直接加“e

14、d”“ed”。work-worked-worked work-worked-worked 以以“e”“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”“d”。live-lived-lived live-lived-lived 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将“y”“y”变为变为“i”“i”，再加，再加“ed”“ed”。study-studied-studied study-studied-studied 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”“ed”。drop-drop

15、ped-dropped drop-dropped-dropped 过去分词的变化（不规则）过去分词的变化（不规则）A.A.过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样havehadhad havehadhad spend spend spentspent spentspent makemademakemademade saymade saysaidsaid saidsaid findfoundfound findfoundfound hearhearheardheard heardheard meetmetmeetmetmet leavemet leaveleftl

16、eftleftleftflyfliedflied flyfliedflied 过去分词的变化（不规则）过去分词的变化（不规则）B.B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样过去分词与过去式形式不一样taketooktaken taketooktaken see see saw seen saw seenspeak spokespoken speak spokespoken sing singsangsung sangsung drivedrovedriven drivedrovedriven bebewas/werebeen was/werebeen gowentgone gowentgone 过去分词的

17、变化（不规则）过去分词的变化（不规则）C.C.过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样cutcutcutcutcutcutput putput put putput letletletletletletreadreadread readreadread 辨析辨析 have been tohave been to和和 have gone tohave gone tohave been to have been to someplace.someplace.曾经去过某地，已经回来曾经去过某地，已经回来has has gone togone to someplace.somepl

18、ace.某人去了某地，还没有回来某人去了某地，还没有回来My fatherMy father has gone to has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.Shanghai for a meeting.他（已经）去了上海。他（已经）去了上海。My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.他（曾经）去了上海。他（曾经）去了上海。NextNext1.1.Mr.Brown has had his TV _ 15 years.Mr.Bro

19、wn has had his TV _ 15 years.2.2.Ive taken driving lessons _last month.Ive taken driving lessons _last month.3.3.My sister has had her cell phone _a month.My sister has had her cell phone _a month.4.4.My friends havent visited me _my birthday.My friends havent visited me _my birthday.5.5.We havent u

20、sed our car _ a long time.We havent used our car _ a long time.6.6.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years.7.7.Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.for for since since forforsincesinceforforforforsincesince用用for

21、 for 或或sincesince填空填空用用have/has been to,have/has gone tohave/has been to,have/has gone to填空填空1.1.1.Where is your brother?1.Where is your brother?2.2.He _ the shop.Hell be back soon.He _ the shop.Hell be back soon.3.3._ you ever _ to America?_ you ever _ to America?4.4.Yes,I _ New York twice.Yes,I _

22、New York twice.5.5.Here you are at last!Where _ you _?Here you are at last!Where _ you _?has gone tohas gone toHave been toHave been tohave been tohave been tohave beenhave been用用have/has been to,have/has gone tohave/has been to,have/has gone to填空填空 6.6.I _ London.I _ London.7.7.David _Australia.David _Australia.Im sure hes already arrived.Im sure hes already arrived.8.8.Is Benny here?Is Benny here?No,he _ the school library.He left No,he _ the school library.He left f five minutes ago.ive minutes ago.have been tohave been tohas gone tohas gone tohas gone tohas gone toT H E E N D T H E E N D