主谓一致 ppt课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

1、一、两大原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，通常应遵循两大原则：语法一致原则和意义一致原则。通常应遵循两大原则：语法一致原则和意义一致原则。1语法一致原则一般来说，如果主语是复数形式，谓语动词应用复数形式；如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词应用单数形式。The students are very smart.学生们都很聪明。The picture looks beautiful.这幅画看起来很漂亮。2意义一致原则有时主语在语法形式上是单数，但含有复数意义，其后的谓语动词应用复数形式；有时主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上是单数，其后的谓

2、语动词应用单数形式。People here are very friendly.这里的人很友好。Ten years is just a moment in history.十年在历史上只是一瞬间。二、常考用法1单数名词、单数代词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。He wants to buy a car.他想买一辆轿车。The weather is good today.今天天气不错。Their present house _near a museum.A.was B.is C.were D.are二、常考用法2复数

3、名词、只有复数形式的名词或复数代词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式常见的只有复数形式的名词有clothes（衣服），belongings（财物），earnings（薪水，收入），savings（积蓄，存款），sales（销售量），surroundings（环境），odds（可能性，概率），remains（剩余物，残留物），goods（商品，货品），fireworks（烟花表演），thanks（感谢）等。常见的复数代词有they（他们，她们，它们），these（这些），those（那些）等。The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear.这些衣服不适合

4、平时穿。They have to stay at home.他们不得不待在家里。二、常考用法3表示双数意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式常见的这类名词有glasses（眼镜），sunglasses（太阳镜），scissors（剪刀），shoes（鞋），socks（短袜），gloves（分指手套），trousers（裤子），pants（裤子），jeans（牛仔裤），shorts（短裤）等。His glasses were broken by his son last night.昨天晚上他的眼镜被他儿子弄坏了。Your trousers are in the wardrobe.你的裤子

5、在衣柜里。二、常考用法4bothand或“名词and名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式注意：“名词and名词”表示同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时，谓语动词应用单数形式。Water and air are very important to us.水和空气对我们很重要。A writer and a teacher are talking to our principal.（作家和老师是两个人）一位作家和一位老师正在和我们校长谈话。A writer and teacher is talking to our principal.（作家和老师是同一个人）一位作家兼老师正在和我们校长

6、谈话。二、常考用法“名词and名词”结构表示同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体的常见短语有bread and butter（黄油面包片），a watch and chain（一块带链的表），law and order（社会秩序），a knife and fork（一副刀叉），a cup and saucer（一套杯碟）等。二、常考用法5“noeveryeach单数名词and（noeveryeach）单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式Every boy and（every）girl has a new book.每个男孩儿和女孩儿都有一本新书。二、常考用法6“a number of复数

7、名词复数代词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式：中心词是短语中的复数名词复数代词，所以谓语动词应用复数形式；“the number of复数名词复数代词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式：中心词是number，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。A number of students are waiting for the bus.许多学生正在等公共汽车。The number of students in the class is 35这个班的学生人数是35人。A number of workers_agreed with that plan,and the number of them _78.A.ha

8、s;is B.have;are C.has;are D.have;is二、常考用法7就近原则和就远原则“就近原则”是指谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致；“就远原则”是指谓语动词应与某些单词或短语前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致就近原则：there be句型or连接名词和代词neither.nor.连接名词和代词either.or.连接名词和代词not only.but also.连接名词和代词就远原则：with/together with/along with/as well as引出的短语but/except/besides/in addition to引出的短语like/unl

9、ike引出的短语including/instead of引出的短语rather than/more than/no less than引出的短语There is an apple and seven oranges in the box.箱子里有一个苹果和七个橙子。Either she or you are wrong.要么她错，要么你错。The teacher,together with his students,has seen the film.老师和他的学生们一起看了这部电影。Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了两名学生，教室里没

10、有人。They，rather than Jane，are to blame.他们，而不是简，应该承担责任。二、常考用法1.Not only my parents but also my elder sister _passed the driving test.A.have B.has C.having D.being2.Jack as well as l _ interested in painting.A.is B.are C.am D.have二、常考用法8one of复数名词复数代词定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词应用复数形式注意：当one之前有the，the only，the mer

11、e，the very 等修饰时，从句一般是修饰one的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。She is one of those passengers who are willing to lend a hand.她是那些愿意帮忙的乘客之一。She is the only one of those passongers who is willing to lend a hand.她是那些乘客中唯一愿意帮忙的人。He is one of the boys who _praised,and he is also the only one of them who_ never late for sch

12、ool.A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are二、常考用法定语从句中的关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致先行词先行词从句谓语动词的数从句谓语动词的数单数名词单数代词不可数名词单数名词单数代词不可数名词单数形式单数形式复数名词复数代词复数名词复数代词复数形式复数形式整个主句整个主句单数形式单数形式The girl who has long hair is my younger sister.留着长发的那个女孩儿是我的妹妹。Those people who are wrong should apologize to him，那些有错的人应该向

13、他道歉。They are talking loudly in the library,which is rather impolite.他们在图书馆大声说话，这相当不礼貌。二、常考用法9从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数形式注意：若主句为系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词的数决定。When they will go fishing depends on the weather.他们什么时候去钓鱼取决于天气。What we need is a qualified teacher.我们需要的是一名合格的教师。What we need are qualified teachers

14、.我们需要的是合格的教师。What we want _ some good textbooks.A.is B.are C.be D.being二、常考用法10“the形容词分词”作主语，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词应用复数形式；表示个别人、不可数的事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词应用单数形式The young are more active than the old.年轻人比老年人更活跃。The injured in the accident is a friend of mine.事故中的这名伤者是我的一个朋友。二、常考用法11以-ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式常见的这类名

15、词有 physics（物理学），economics（经济学），electronics（电子学），mathematics（数学），ethics（伦理学），politics（政治学），statistics（统计学）等。注意：当economics，electronics，ethics，politics，statistics表示学科以外的其他含义时，可作复数名词用，作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式。Mathematics is her favorite subject.数学是她最喜欢的科目。Statistics is not difficult to learn.统计学不难学。Statistics in

16、his report are not accurate.他报告中的统计数字不准确。In fact,economics _very useful.A.is B.are C.was D.were二、常考用法12集体名同作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的含义集体名词的含义集体名词的含义谓语动词的数谓语动词的数示例示例为不可数名词为不可数名词单数形式单数形式furniture，equipment，merchandise（商品商品），），baggage（行李（行李)，machinery(机器机器），clothng表示同类的全部个休表示同类的全部个休常用复数形式常用复数形式youth（青年青年），）

17、，police，people，personnel（全体人员全体人员），），cattle表示整体概念表示整体概念单数形式单数形式army,class,committee,company,crowd,couple,group,party,population,team,public,family,faculty,audience,staff表示集体中的个体成员表示集体中的个体成员复数形式复数形式All the furniture is made of wood.所有家具都是木制的。The police are looking into the case.警方正在调查这起案件。The family

18、is small.（The family 指“这个家庭”，表示整体概念）这个家庭很小。All my family enjoy skiing.（AIl my family 指“我们全家人”，表示集体中的个体成员）我们全家人都喜欢滑雪二、常考用法youth和people分别意为“小伙子”和“民族”时，为可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词应与其单复数形式保持一致。A youth sits alone in the corner.一个小伙子独自坐在角落里。The native peoples of Central and South America have different beliefs.中关洲和南美

19、洲的各本土民族有不同的信仰二、常考用法13单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与其表达的具体意义保持一致常见的这类名词有 aircraft，deer，fish，means（方法，手段），sheep，species，series，headquarters（总部）等。Every possible means has been tried，每一种可能的方法都试过了。All possible means have been tried.所有可能的方法都试过了。A sheep is eating grass on the bank of the river.一只绵羊正在河岸边吃草。Some shee

20、p are eating grass on the bank of the river.一些绵单正在河岸边吃草。二、常考用法14表示“许多，大量，少量”的短语后跟名词作主语时，谓语动词的数有不同形式这类短语作主语的具体用法结构结构谓语动词的数谓语动词的数a quantity ofa lot oflots ofplenty of.不可数名词不可数名词复数名词复数名词与与of后名词的数保持一致后名词的数保持一致a great（good）deal ofa large amount ofa bit of不可数名词不可数名词单数形式单数形式quanttis of不可数名词不可数名词复数名词复数名词复数形

21、式复数形式largeincrcasingsmall amounts of不可数名词不可数名词复数形式复数形式A quantity of beer was sold yesterday.昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。A quantity of trees are being planted along the road.沿路正在种许多树。A large amount of electricity was consumed last month.上个月消耗了大量的电。Large quantities of water have been polluted.大量的水已经被污染了。Large amounts

22、of electricity were consumed last month.上个月消耗了大量的电。二、常考用法15“分类词of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与分类词的数保持一致常用的分类词有 sort，kind，form，pair，piece，portion，series，species，section，type等。That kind of cloth is very expensive.那种布很贵。Those kinds of books are worth reading.那些种类的书值得一读。二、常考用法16“分数百分数allhalfsomemostthe restof名词代词”作主语

23、时，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词或代词的数保持一致Two thirds of the food has been sent to that area.三分之二的食物已经被送往那个地区了。Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.百分之九十的学生通过了考试。Most of the bottles have been recycled.大多数瓶子都被回收利用了。Three fourths of my homework _been finished.A.have B.are C.has D.is在“allhalfsomemostthe

24、rest.of名词代词”结构中，若没有“of名词代词”，也可以根据上下文来决定谓语动词的数：如果指代复数名词或复数代词，那么谓语动词应用复数形式；如果指代单数名词、单数代词或不可数名词，那么谓语动词应用单数形式。I have eaten some of the fruits.The rest(of them)are left to you.我已经吃了一些水果。（它们中）剩下的是留给你的。二、常考用法17表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词应用单数形式Three years seems a long time.三年似乎是很长的一段时间。Twvo hundred

25、 miles is a long distance.两百英里是很长的一段距离。Five million dollars is vital to the success of this plan.五百万美元对这一计划的成功至关重要。二、常考用法18“many a（n）单数名词”或“more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式Many a student has been to Beijing before.许多学生以前去过北京。More than one student has been to Beijing before，不止一名学生以前去过北京。二、常考用法19不定式（

26、短语）、动名词（短语）或“疑问词whether不定式（短语）”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式To do this job well needs a lot of effort.要把这项工作做好需要许多努力。Sometimes doing things without plans gains nothing.做事没有计划有时会一事无成。What to do next means a lot to us.接下来要做什么对我们来说意义重大。二、常考用法主谓一致的一些其他情况如下：（1）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。Under these books is a notebook.这些

27、书下面是一个笔记本。（2）在“It iswas被强调的部分thatwho”强调句型中，如果被强调的部分是主语，that或who后的谓语动词应与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。It is I thatwho am going to be a pilot.正是我即将成为一名飞行员。（3）有一些名词虽然看起来像复数形式，但实际上用作单数或为不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。The news has not been confirmed yet.这个消息还没有被证实。1.Linda,together with her brothers,was spending(spend)the holida

28、y in Chile when the strong earthquake broke out.2.Not everyone who goes rock climbing is as crazy as Alex.Many a person does (do)it safely or on special indoor walls.3.Present at the meeting yesterday were (be)Prof.White,Prof.Smith and many other guests.4.During the last two years,an examination of

29、national dietary regulations has concluded (conclude)that a day without breakfast is bad for our health.5.There is (be)typically a professional scientist or organization that works together with the community.6.Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps (keep)our bodies strong so that we can fight the cold

30、.7As a result，as the number of qubits（量子比特）increases（increase），the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.8.Last year alone,818 projects related to the AI industry were launched (launch)in Anhui Province.9.John,as well as his parents was having (have)dinner with his friends at eight last night,so he didnt know the crash.10.A survey shows that 80%of the middle-aged in this city are(be)in favor of the proposal for health care reform.THANK YOU!