外研版初三英语上册 Module 12 重点难点易错点整理.docx

1、 Module 12 Save our world 教学目标： 1.熟练掌握重点单词、 词 组的用法； 2.构词法。 重点 （ 重 点 单 词，短语， 句子等） 一、一、重点短语重点短语 单元一： 1. spread over 遍布,覆盖 2. cause pollution 造成污染 3. be worried about 为担忧 4. so many/much 如此多的 5. as well 也,还 6. think of 考虑 7.talk about 谈论 8. nice idea 好主意 9. save energy 节约能源 10. students in poor areas 贫

2、困地区的学生 单元二：1.ride a bike 2. turn off 关上(水、电)3. ask for sth.要求得到某物 4. a plastic bag 一个塑料袋 5. do with 处理 6. divideinto把分成7. throw away 扔掉;丢弃 8. be harmful to 对有害 9. as long as possible 尽可能长时间的 10. look after 照看,照顾 11. so that 以便于 12. changeinto把变成 非非 13. something else 其他的东西 14. tons of 许多;很多 15. take

3、 steps 采取措施,开始行动 16.draw up 制定,起草 单元三：1. clean up 打扫,清扫 2. in such a short time 在如此短的时间 3. pay attention to 注意 4. in the countryside 在乡下 5. be off to 离开去6. be good for 对有好处 7. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 8.not any more 不再 二、重点句型二、重点句型 1.It s no use doing sth 做某事是没有用的 Its no use talking about

4、 things we cant do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。 2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 At a green school, every class collects waste which can be recycled or used again.在绿色学校里,每个班级收集能够被回收利用或再次使用的废 3. though 引导的让步状语从句 Though pollution is heavy now,Idon t think its hopeless.尽管现在污染很严重,(但)我认为它并不是无望的。 4. if 引导的条件状语从句 If everyone starts to

5、do something, the world will be saved.如果每个人都开始做一些事情,世界将会被拯救。 5. 祈使句的否定形式 Do not waste things.不要浪费东西。 Do not order more food than you can finish 不要点多于你能吃完的食物。 难点 构词法构词法 一、一、合成法合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法叫作合成法 (1) 名词+名词 basket+ball= basketbal(篮球)life+time= lifetime(一生) (2)动词+名词:play+ ground= pla

6、yground(操场) watch+ tower=watchtower(瞭望塔) (3)形容词+名词: short+hand= shorthand(速记) black+ board=blackboard(黑板) (4)介词+名词:over+coat= overcoat(大衣) after+noon= afternoon(下午) (5)副词+名词:out+side= outside(外面)down+ stairs= downstairs(楼下) 二、二、派生法派生法 通过在词根前加前缀或在词根后加后缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。 1.前缀法 a.表示否定意义的前缀 un- unfair unhap

7、py, unfinished, undress dis- disagree , disbelieve dislike in- , il-(在字母 l 前)，im- (在字母 m,b,p 前)，ir- (在字母 r 前) ： inaccurate， illegible， impolite imbalance， irregular mis- mistake misbehave mislead b.表示其他意义的前缀 en- “使”encourage enrich enlarge inter- “相互” international intercontinental re- “再，又，重” recyc

8、le rethink retell tele- “远程的” telephone telescope telegraph auto- “自动的”automobile automatic micro- “极小的，微小的” microcomputer, microwave self- “自己，本身” self-centered , self-confident , self-control under- “在下面，下的，不足的” underground, underline, underestimate 2. 后缀法 a . 名词后缀 -er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker,

9、visitor, professor, cooker, container -ese “某国(人)的”Chinese, Japanese -ian “某国、某地人;精通的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician -ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist -ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess -ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement -ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness,

10、carelessness -tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation -ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence -th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful “(满的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful -(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability -al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, appro

11、val -y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty -dom “处于状态;性质”freedom, boredom -age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage b . 动词后缀 -fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en “使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden -ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize c. 形容词后缀 -able “可的，具有的”acceptable, drinkable, kno

12、wledgeable , reasonable -al “与有关的”physical, magical, political -an “属于某地方的人”American African -ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern -ful/ less “(没)有的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless -ish “如的;有特征的”foolish childish selfish -ive “有倾向的”active attractive expensive -en “由制成的”golden wooden woolen -ous “有

13、(性质)的”famous, dangerous, poisonous -ly “有性质的”friendly yearly daily -y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy d. 副词后缀 -ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily -ward(s) “向” towards, forward, upwards e. 数词后缀 -teen “十几” fifteen, eighteen, thirteen -ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty -th “序数词” fifteenth, twentieth 三、转化法三、转化法 把一

14、种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 (1) 动词名词 drink(喝) drink(饮料) smoke(抽烟) smoke(烟) (2) 名词动词 show(展览)show(展示) water(水) water(给浇水 (3) 形容词动词 slow(缓慢的)slow(减慢) warm(温暖的)warm(使温暖) 习题训练 1. In general,Chopin is a _(piano) of great ability 2. With the_(develop) of technology, the journey to Mars might only take about

15、20 minutes inspacecraft in the future. 3.At present Chinese is_(wide) used around the world. 4.It is_(polite) to stare at anyone or to talk loudly in public. 5.He is a( n) _( honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says. 单项选择 6. The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in SanFrancisco, the USA.

16、Which of the following words is created in the same way the word“ landmark” A unpleasant B useless C summertime D surprising 7.The mountain I visited last Sunday isnt very_. Few_ go sightseeing there A. tourist tourists B. touristy: tourist C. touristy tourists D. tourist tourist 解析： 1. pianist 2.de

17、velopment 3. widely 4. impolite 5.dishonest 6-7 CC 考法 1 形容词辨析 1. Why did she get so mad? It was only a_joke. A hopeless B hopeful C. harmless D. harmful 考法 2 动词辨析 2.-Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school. Wonderful! I cant wait to_it. A. repeat B. forget C. receive D join 考法 3 动词短语辨析

18、 3. In our daily life, we must learn to_ourselves well at any time. Its as important as studying. A. deal with B worry about C. look after 考法 4 固定结构 4. -Im sorry to have kept you_for such a long time. It doesnt matter. A wait B. waiting C. to wait 考法 5 短语运用 5.吃太多盐对我们的健康不利。( no good for)(用括号内所给的短语将句子

19、翻译成英语) . 考法 6 构词法 用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.We should be_(friend) to others at any time. 7. After class, children went out of their classroom to enjoy the_(warm) of the sun. 8. Everyone should behave_in public (polite). 解析： 1-4 CDCB 5.Eating too much salt is no good for our healthy. 6.friendly 7.warmth 8.politely.