Unit 4 突破语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2019）英语必修第一册.doc

1、1/5 一、定语从句的定义与分类 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词 叫先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词、关系副词和介词关系代词。定语从句 一般放在先行词的后面。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系， 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省略；后者主 句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 观察例句 They ignored the details (which/that) might account for the accident. 他们忽略了可能导致

2、事故的细节。 This is the suitcase (that/which) she is looking for. 这是她正在找的手提箱。 The number of the people who/that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。 Danny was the man who/whom/that we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出的那个人。 I know the person whose house was totally d

3、estroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个房子在地震中被完全摧毁的人。 Its the house whose door is painted red. 这就是门漆成红色的那个房子。 She is no longer the girl(that) she was ten years ago. 她不是 10 年前的那个小姑娘了。 I hate the way (that)she always criticizes me. 我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。 归纳用法 关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略 2/5 who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能 省略。作宾语、表

4、语 和状语时可以省略。 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人/物 定语 即时训练 1 用适当的关系代词填空 1(2019 全国卷)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. 2 (2019 全国卷)In the cafe， customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is crea

5、ted for them. 3(2018 天津卷)Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia. 4(2017 北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 5He is a man whose opinion I respect. 6This is the place which/that is worth

6、 visiting. 7I dont like the way that he looks at me. 三、在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用 that 而不用 which 的情况 观察例句 Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? 能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？ This is the first two- storey bus that runs in our city. 这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。 Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visite

7、d. 桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。 This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for. 这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。 Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? 你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？ 归纳用法 1 当先行词是 all， little， few， none， anything， something， everything， nothing 3/5 等词时。 2当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3当先行词被

8、the only，the very，the same，the right 等修饰时。 4当先行词既有人又有物时。 即时训练 2 用适当的关系代词填空 1(2017 全国卷)Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent. 2(2017 全国卷)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 3This is the very book that I want to buy. 4She took pho

9、tographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 5This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. .单句语法填空 1 When the girl studied in England， she lived with a host family whose members always helped her. 2I was amazed at the number of people who/that visited the Forbidden City on

10、Saturday. 3The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school. 4The International Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy. 5The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman. 6The professor who/that/whom you wish to see

11、 has gone abroad. 7Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 8A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that sell best. 9Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. 10The boys who/that are playing football are on the playground. .完成句子 1那个在大火中

12、被毁坏了屋顶的房子是我祖父母的。 4/5 The house whose roof was damaged in the big fire belongs to my grandparents. 2一次我们正讨论如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。 Once we were discussing how to help the student who was seriously ill in hospital. 3在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。 In senior high school you will study more courses which/that are different f

13、rom your junior middle school courses. 4你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。 You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom you trust and listen to their suggestions. 5这是他读的第一本书。 This is the first book that he has read. .语法填空 This afternoon a man 1. (dress) in rags came into the shop.We all star

14、ed at him 2. (doubt) when he said he wanted a new coat.I took him downstairs and showed him a cheap coat 3. would cost him only 4. small amount of money.I thought he might be a bit upset about the price，but 5. the contrary he did not seem to care about it at all.I didnt mean to be rude but I have no

15、 6. (patient) with customers who cant decide.So I persuaded him to buy it.Then the most 7. (believe) thing happened to me he handed me a million pound bank note.I didnt know whether it was genuine or not，so I 8. (seek) out my boss to ask his advice.He told me that I had indeed made a serious mistake

16、 by 9. (judge) this man by his clothes.My boss looked very angry and told me to find the 10. (good) coat for the man immediately.I have never seen him so kind to anybody else like that before.As for me，I felt terrible for the rest of the day! 【语篇解读】 本文讲述了一个衣衫褴褛的百万富翁到“我”工作的商店买 大衣，“我”因为他的外表给了他一件不值钱的大衣

17、，结果这个人掏出了一张百 万英镑的支票，“我”在老板的批评下不再以貌取人，立刻帮他选了一件最好的 大衣。 1dressed 考查非谓语动词。be dressed in 穿着，此处为过去分词短语作 5/5 后置定语。 2doubtfully 考查词性转换。修饰动词短语 stared at 应用副词形式。 3 which/that 考查定语从句。 先行词为 coat， 限制性定语从句中缺少主语， 故用关系代词 which 或 that。 4a 考查冠词。a small amount of 少量。 5on 考查介词。on the contrary 正相反。 6patience 考查词性转换。动词 have 后跟名词作宾语。 7unbelievable 考查词性转换。句意：最令人难以置信的事情发生在我身 上了。修饰名词 thing 应用形容词形式。 8sought 考查动词的时态。根据并列分句中的谓语动词 didnt know 可知 此处用动词的过去式。 9judging 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟 v.- ing 形式。 10 best 考查最高级形式。 根据“he handed me a million pound bank note.” 可知老板告诉“我”为这个人找最好的衣服。