Unit 2 知识清单-2025新人教版九年级下册《化学》.docx

1、Unit 2 No Rules, No Order!一、 基础短语清单1. be late for 迟到2. on time 准时，按时3. have to 必须；不得不4. of course 当然，自然5. turn off 关掉6. jump the queue 不按次序排队，加塞7. wait for 等待8. be absent from缺席，不在9. make sbs/the bed 整理某人的床10. hang out 闲逛11. focus on 将（注意力）集中于.12. need to do sth需要做某事13. think about 思考；考虑14. follow r

2、ules 遵守规则15. be good for.对.有好处16. raise ones hand 举手17. have fun玩得开心18. answer my phone 接电话19. bring to.带来20. thanks for.因.感谢21. put on穿上22. make noise 制造噪音23. wear the uniform穿校服24. on weekdays 在工作日二、 知识点清单1. No Rules, No order. 没有规矩，就没有秩序。rule n.规则 v. 统治 follow rules 遵守规则 ruler n.尺子；统治者order n.点菜；

3、顺序，次序 v.点菜，命令take ones order 点菜 in order 有序地 order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事Eg: You must make sure that all your personal documents are in order.2. Dont be late for school. Arrive on time.上学不要迟到，准时到达。be late for 迟到，强调状态 同义短语：arrive late for 迟到 强调动作arrive v.到达 不及物动词 近义词：get, reach辨析：arrive/ get/ reacharri

4、ve vi.到达 arrive at+小地方 arrive in+大地方get vi. 到达 get to+地点reach vt.到达 reach+地点 注意：当地点是：here/there/home/abroad/upstairs/downstairs 时，介词省略。Eg: After school, I get/arrive/reach home at 6 oclock.3. Dont use your phone in class. 上课不要用你的手机。use v/n.使用 useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的 use sth to do.使用某物做. make

5、use of.利用Eg: Its useful for us to learn English well.in class 在课堂上 have class 上课4. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人，尊重他人。polite adj.礼貌的 politely adv.礼貌地 反义词：impolite adj.不礼貌的=rudebe polite to sb 对某人礼貌的Eg: Jenny is polite to everyone and we all like her.treat v.对待；招待；治疗 treatment n.治疗r

6、espect v/n. 尊敬；敬重 show respect for.表示对.的尊敬5. Sally mustnt wear her own jacket. She has to wear school the uniform.Sally 在学校禁止穿自己的夹克衫。她必须要穿校服。must 情态动词，“必须”，不能单独作谓语，后必须加动词原形。其否定形式为mustnt,“禁止，千万不要”。注意：以must 开头的一般疑问句的否定回答不用mustnt， 而用neednt或者dont / doesnt have to, 意为“不必”。Eg: -Mom, must I finish my homew

7、ork tonight? - No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. You can finish it tomorrow.6. Be on time. Dont be late for class. 准时，上课不要迟到。on time 按时，准时 Eg: Remember to hand in your homework on time tomorrow.拓展：time相关短语in time 及时 at times有时 at the same time 同时 from time to time不时 all the time一直 have a good ti

8、me玩得开心 7. Keep the rules and lets have fun! 遵守规则，让我们玩得开心。let v.让 lets=let us 让我们 let sb do sth让某人做某事have fun 玩得开心 相当于=have a good time=enjoy oneselfhave fun doing sth做某事玩得开心Eg: I had fun going shopping with my family yesterday.8. Here, I can lend you my pen.来，我可以借给你我的钢笔。lend-lent-lent v.借给 lend sb s

9、th=lend sth to sb 借给某人某物辨析：lend/borrow/keepborrow v.借入 borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 短暂性动作，不与一段时间连用lend v.借出 短暂性动作，不能与一段时间连用keep v.保存（借用一段时间） 常与一段时间连用Eg: -My bike is broken. Could I borrow yours? - Sure. You can keep it for two days.9. We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关掉手机，把它们放在

10、储物柜里。turn off 关闭 相当于switch off 当宾语为代词时，放在中间。Eg: The baby is sleeping. Please turn off the television.拓展：turn相关短语:turn on 打开 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn up 调大；出现 turn.into 转变成.10. Thanks for telling me, Anne. 谢谢你告诉我，安妮。 Youre welcome, Tom.不客气，汤姆。Thank you for.意为“为.而感谢你（们）”，相当于thanks for.for是介词，表示原因，后接名词、代词或

11、动词-ing形式。Youre welcome “别客气，不用谢”，用于礼貌地回答别人的感谢。拓展：常用的答语还有Not at all. /Thats OK. /Thats all right. / (Its)my pleasure.Section B1. I have to make my bed before breakfast. 早餐前我必须整理床铺。have to 必须；不得不 后接动词原形。 Eg: I have to brush my teeth twice a day.make ones bed 整理某人的床 make-made v.使，让 make sb+adj.使某人. mak

12、e sb do sth使某人做某事Eg: My best friend Sally always makes me laugh.2. I have to hurry to school because I cant be late for school. 我必须赶紧去学校因为我不能迟到。hurry v/n. 匆忙；急忙 hurry to+地方 匆忙去某地 hurry to do sth匆忙做某事in a hurry 匆忙地Eg: I go to school in a hurry without having breakfast.3. I can only play basketball af

13、ter I practise the piano.我练习完钢琴后才能打篮球。practise v.练习 practice n.练习 practise doing sth练习做某事Eg: Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。play basketball 打篮球 play+球/棋类 play the+乐器类Eg: My sister likes playing the piano while I like playing basketball.4. They can help you to become a better person. 它们能帮助你成为一个更好的人。help

14、 v/n.帮助 help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人 help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事ask for help请求帮助拓展：helpful adj.有帮助的 helpless adj.无助的become-became-become v.开始变得，变成 better adj.更好的/地 good/well的比较级person n.人 可数名词单数 a person 一个人 two persons 两个人注意：people 人们（复数形式） 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Eg：There are many people on the central street.peo

15、ple也可作名词单数，意为“民族，种族。”5. You cant use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。need v/n.需要 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作情态动词时，其否定形式为：neednt.作实义动词时，其否定形式为：dont/doesnt need need to do sth需要做某事 in need 有需要地Eg: Everyone needs friends.focus on.将（注意力）集中于. Eg: In order to succee

16、d, you need to focus on your goals.6. You can relax after you finish your homework.relax v.放松 relaxing adj.令人放松的（修饰物） relaxed adj.感到放松的（修饰人）Eg: I like listening to music. Because music always makes me feel relaxed.finish v.完成 finish doing sth 完成做某事Eg: As soon as he finished eating, he left.7. I know

17、 it can be difficult to follow many rules. 我知道遵守很多规则可能很困难。difficult adj.困难的 It is difficult for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很困难difficulty n.困难 have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难Eg: Many students have difficulty ( in )memorizing English words.follow v.遵守；追随 following adj.接下来的 as follows 如下所示8. Say “please

18、” when you ask for help. 当你寻求帮助时，说“请”。ask for help 请求帮助 ask v.问；要求 ask a question 问问题ask sb（not）to do sth要求某人（不）做某事Eg: My parents ask me to read books every day.9. Dont fight with your classmates.不要和你的同学打架。fight-fought-fought v.打架；战斗 fight with sb 和某人打架 fight against sb 和某人作战 fight for.为.而斗争Eg: My g

19、randfather fought against the Fascists in Spain.10. Nothing can be achieved without rules.没有规则什么也做不了。achieve v.（努力）达到；完成；实现 achieve ones dream 实现梦想Eg: I believe I can achieve my dream as long as I work hard.without prep. 不，没有 后接名词，代词或V-ing.Eg: I prefer coffee without sugar.三、 语法清单（一）祈使句语法概述祈使句表示请求、命

20、令、警告、劝告、禁止等意思.祈使句一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you,句末用感叹号或句号,读时常用降调.考向1祈使句的类型类型结构例句肯定形式否定形式Do型实义动词原形其他.Dont+实义动词原形其他.Fetch me a chair!给我拿把椅子！Dont give up.不要放弃.Be型Be+形容词.Dont+ be 形容词.Be quick! 快点儿！Dont be shy.不要害羞.Let 型Let+宾语+动词原形其他.Dont+ let+宾语+动词原形其他.Lets go to school!咱们去上学吧！Let+宾语+not+动词原形其他.Dont let him go not

21、Let him go out.不要让他出去.No型No+名词动词-ing.No photos.禁止拍照.No smoking. 禁止吸烟.其他直接用名词、副词或用名词副词”等Help!救命！Quickly!快点儿！Hands up!举起手来！拓展：(1)有时为了强调,可在句首加Do或将祈使句的主语表示出来.Do let me go.务必让我去.You be quiet! 你安静！(2)为了使祈使句的语气委婉、客气,可以在句首或句末加please,当please用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开.Come here, please.请到这儿来.Please look after your pet

22、.请照看你的宠物.巧学妙记祈使句的用法祈使句表命令,还表请求或建议.动词原形放句首,主语是you常省去.Dont置前表否定,let否定有两种.想要客气please, Do置开头强语气.考向2祈使句的回答祈使句通常表示将要发生的动作,所以回答时一般用will或wont.回答肯定形式的祈使句用will,回答否定形式的祈使句用wont.-Please remember to bring your homework here tomorrow.请记得明天把你的家庭作业带到这儿来.-OK,I will.好的,我会的.-Dont be noisy in public. Its impolite, you

23、know.不要在公共场合吵闹.你知道的,这是不礼貌的.-Sorry, I wont.对不起,我不会了.（二） 情态动词can/must/have to 的用法小结1. can的用法can是情态动词，意为能；会，表示某人或某物具备的能力，还可用来提出请求，没有人称和数的变化，后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。1. 表示有能力做某事，意为能；会。I can speak English.我会讲英语。He can play basketball.他会打篮球。来2. 表示许可，意为可以。You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。3. 情态动词can表示推测，意为可能，常用语否定句、疑

24、问句中。It cant be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫，它有一个短尾巴。2. must的用法（1）must表示主观义务，意思是应该，必须，其否定式mustnt意为不应该，不准。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。We must get there before five oclock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。You mustnt break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。You must read a book

25、before you watch TV. 在看电视前你必须读书。对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用neednt或dont have to，意思为：不必。Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？No, you neednt / dont have to. 不了，没有必要。（2）must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中)。He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。（3）must用于否定句时，mustnt意为不允许，禁止，而不表示不必。You mustnt be late for school. 你千万不要上

26、学迟到。（4）以must开头的一般疑问句，若作否定回答，可以用neednt或dont have to，不用mustnt。Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗？No, you neednt/dont have to. 不，你不必。3. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点：（1）have to后接动词原形，意为必须做；不得不做。We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。（2）have

27、to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to。She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。Theres no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。（3）含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗？You dont have to go if you dont want to. 如果你不想去，你就不必去。辨析：have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。