牛津上海版必修一Unit3 A taste of travel-reading知识点及语法点讲解及练习（有答案）.docx

1、U3 A taste of travel-reading 新课单词新课单词 1twist v.盘旋；蜿蜒；曲折 From here, a narrow road twists up to the top of the mountain一条狭窄的小路从这 里盘旋至山顶。 【拓展】n弯曲；扭；拧 2. construction n.建造 【常用搭配】under construction 在建造中 Many underground lines are under construction in Shanghai 在上海，很多条地铁线路正在建设中。 【拓展】 construct v建设 It took

2、 four years to construct this suspension bridge. 这座斜拉索桥用了四年才建成。 constructive adj建设性的 When his friends have trouble, they often turn to him because he can give constructive advice. 他的朋友有困难的时候常常向他求助，因为他能提供建设性的建议。 3. take shape 成形 A good idea quickly took shape in her mind她马上想出了一个好主意。 【拓展】 shape 使具有的形状

3、 【常用搭配】shape into 用做成 He shaped the branches into a basket. n 形状 The diamond is in the shape of a heart. 这颗钻石的形状像一颗心 【注意】 shaped 常用以构成复合词，意为“有形状”，如：heart-shaped 心形的 4. base n.底座，基础 That lamp with a square base is the most expensive one in the shop. 那台有方形底座的灯是店里最贵的物品。 The dish has chicken soup as its

4、 base. 这道菜是在鸡汤的基础上做成的。 【扩展】 n.基地；根据地 The soldiers didnt return to the base until midnight. 士兵们直到深夜才返回基地。 v.以为基础；以为根据 【必背】 base on / upon 以为基础 The project was based on the young mans creative ideas. 这个项目是基于这名年轻人有创意的想法而形成的。 5. from a distance 从远处 Sometimes it is better to appreciate an oil painting fr

5、om a distance. 【拓展】 in the distance 在远处 They saw a ship in the distance他们看到远处有一艘船 keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持相当距离；疏远 He is not welcome in the office because he often keeps others at a distance. 他在办公室里不受欢迎，因为他常常疏远他人。 6. include v.包括；包含 The price includes accommodation and breakfast. 这个价格包括住宿和早餐。 inc

6、lude. in. 使成为的一部分 The manager suggested that the secretary include some statistics in the report 经理建议秘书在报告中引用一些数据。 【拓展】 inclusion n包括；包含 They did not agree to the inclusion of Tom in the party他们不同意汤姆参加聚会。 including prep包括 The watch cost me 1，000 yuan including tax这款手表的价格含税共一千元。 7seal n印章 The seal is

7、 made of jade这枚印章是玉制的。 【拓展】 v密封；盖章于 Small gaps can be sealed with wax小的缝可以用蜡来密封。 The letter was sealed with glue这封信是用胶水密封的。 8present adj现在的；目前的 The present situation should not be allowed to continue 不应该允许现在的这种状况再继续下去。 【拓展】 adj出席的；在场的 He wasnt present when the professor gave the lecture教授作讲座的时候他不在场。

8、 The teachers present thought highly of the professors lecture在场的老师们高度赞扬 了教授所作的讲座。 v介绍；引见；赠送 Samples are presented free in most of the supermarkets 在大多数超市里，样品是免费赠送的。 He presented his friends to his parents他把自己的朋友介绍给父母认识 n礼物 On her 18th birthday, she received many presents. 她十八岁生 Et 的时候收到了很多礼物。 n现在；目

9、前 【常用搭配】 at present 目前；现在 for the present 眼前；暂且 The company cant accept new orders at present这家公司目前不能接受新的订单。 It is unnecessary to talk about it anymore for the present暂时没有必要再讨论了。 【注意】 present 作形容词用时，既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语。作前置定语时解释为 “现在的；目前的”，而作后置定语时解释为“出席的；在场的”。 9. historical adj历史的；有关历史的 We can learn a

10、lot from historical events我们能从历史事件中学到很多。 【拓展】 historic adj有历史意义的 There are many historic buildings in Beijing北京有很多历史悠久的建筑。 historian n历史学家 The boys dream is to become a historian when he grows up这个小男孩的梦想是长 大了当一名历史学家。 【比较】historic 和 historical historic 意为“具有历史意义的； 在历史上占重要地位的； 历史悠久的”， 而 historical 意为“

11、有 关历史的；史学的”。 Columbus made four historic voyages哥伦布进行了四次有历史意义的远航。 Columbus is a historical figure哥伦布是一个历史人物。 10. civilization n文明 The Chinese have a brilliant civilization behind them中国人民有悠久的文化传统。 【拓展】 civilize v使文明；使有教养 Art and culture can help civilize a person艺术和文化可以帮助一个人变得有教养。 civilized adj文明的；有

12、教养的 Reading good books will make a person more civilized。阅读好书将使一个人变得更 有教养。 11. preserve v保存；保藏；保护 The government has taken measures to preserve the ancient buildings in-the city 市政府已采取措施保护城中的古建筑。 【拓展】 preservation n保存；保护 Everyone should do his or her part for the preservation of wild life每个人都应该为 保护野

13、生动物尽自己的一份力。 12. admit v准许进入 【常用搭配】admit somebody tointo 允许某人进入；吸收某人参加 Visitors are not admitted to the museum after 5 pm下午五点以后游客不允许进入博 物馆。 【拓展】 v. 承认 He admitted his mistake他承认了自己的错误。 admission n允许进入；承认 He paid 5 yuan for admission to the exhibition 他花了五元钱买了张展览会的门票。 The boy made an admission that he

14、 broke the window男孩承认是他打破了窗户。 13attract v吸引 The art exhibition attracted a lot of visitors艺术展吸引了大批参观者。 【拓展】 attraction n吸引；吸引物 The young singers music has much attraction for teenagers这个年轻歌手的音乐对 青少年有很大的吸引力。 China is a country with many tourist attractions中国是一个拥有许多旅游胜地的国家。 attractive adj有吸引力的 Goods o

15、n sale always seem attractive to the old lady打折的商品总是对这位老妇人 有很大的吸引力。 语法语法 1被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 (1)动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 are done are being done have been done 过去 were done were being done had been done 将来 will be done will have been done 过去将来 would be done would have been done (2)一些特殊结构的

16、被动语态的表示： 带复合宾语的句子 将带复合宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语转换成主语，保 留宾语补足语。如： We always keep the classroom clean我们总是保持教室干净。 The classroom is always kept clean 带双宾语的句子 将带双宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，通常有两种转换方式。一种是将间接宾语转 换成主语，保留直接宾语。第二种是把直接宾语转换成主语，保留间接宾语。此时， 常需要在间接宾语前面加适当的介词。如： We gave him a warm welcome我们热烈地欢迎他。 He was given a

17、warm welcome Thev bought her a silk handkerchief as a birthday present 他们给她买了一条真丝手帕作为生日礼物。 A silk handkerchief was bought for her as a birthday present 【注意】 如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，则必须把间接宾语转换成主语。如： Thev told him that he had won the first prize in the singing competition 他们告诉他，他在歌咏比赛中得了一等奖。 He was told tha

18、t he had won the first prize in the singing competition He taught her how to ride a horse。他教她如何骑马。 She was taught how to ride a horse (3)动词的主动语态表示被动的意义： wash、write、sell、cut、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive 等词 的主动形式表示被动意义。 This book sells very well这本书卖得很好。 The shirt washes easily这件衬衫洗起来很容易。

19、The meat cuts easily 这块肉很容易切。 need、want、require、deserve 等词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The children need looking after孩子们需要照顾。 The window requires cleaning窗户需要清洁了。 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1)某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、belong(to) (属于)、rise(上升)等。 (2)表示状态的及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)等。 (

20、3)连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4)表示度量的动词，如：measure(有长宽)、weigh(重)等。 课堂练习课堂练习 I 基础练习基础练习 A. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary. 1. The Great Wall _ across the mountain chains just tike a snake. 2. The house where Lu Xun once liv

21、ed is _as a museum. 3. The newly-built stadium can _more than 10,000 people. 4. The government decided to build a university here. The project began in 1996 and the school finally_ by the end of last century. 5. The scenery of Zhangjiajie(张家界) in Hunan Province is like a beautiful_ painting. 6. This

22、 is a _event which we will never forget. 7. The foreigner was _ by the traditional Chinese culture. 8. He has been _to Fudan University. 9. They _their research for lack of fund. 10. The hotel we stayed at _the sea. B. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given

23、in the brackets. 1. 在炎热的夏天，保护食物最有效的方法是将食物放在冰箱里。(preserve) 2. 投资商决定放弃这个项目。 (abandon) 3.据说他没有参加高考就被一所大学录取了。 (admit) preserve overlook abandon hold historical twist admit take shape landscape attract 4.游客们被漓江的风景所吸引。 (attract) 5.布达拉宫(Potala Palace)的建造是个奇迹. (construction) 6.学生们必须有机会读到好书。 (access) 7.站在山头，

24、我们可以俯瞰整个村庄。 (overlook) 8.作为孩子们的保姆，她的任务包括哄他们睡觉。(include) 9.多做练习，你就能成功地通过考试。 (and) 10.许多城市建筑在地震中成为废墟。 (fall into ruin) . 拔高练习拔高练习 Section A 1. He made a round-the-world_. A. journey B. travel C. voyage D. tour 2. According to the information, the newly constructed highway is_. A. long fifty kilometers

25、 B. long about fifty kilometers C. about fifty kilometers long D. in fifty kilometers of long 3. Every teacher and student _to plant a tree in the school. A. has been told B. has told C. have been told D. have told 4. The foreigners said they Pu Dong New Area soon after they arrived next month. A. h

26、ad visited B. will visit C. would visit D. visited 5. When _the forest fire which lasted three weeks out? A. did; put B. has; put C. has; been put D. was; put 6. Our school, which _in 1898, is one of the oldest schools in Shanghai. A. found B. was found C. was founded D. founded 7. The news that vol

27、unteer workers will go to homes for the aged _now. A. is being talked about B. are being talked about C. is being talked D. are being talked 8. Shall I go and get Dr. Brown? No, he_. A. has been sent for B. had been sent for C would be sent for D. is sent for 9.The last time when we passed by, many

28、old houses_. A. has been pulled down B. are being pulled down C. were being pulled down D. would be pulled down 10. The Great Wall snakes over the mountain chains, and is regarded as one of the most beautiful tourist _in the world. A. interests B. attractions C. places D. directions 11. Traditional

29、values and cultures have been _ well in some parts of our country. A. preserved B. saved C. involved D. prevented I2. A mans dreams can only be a _ of his subconsciousness . A. shape B. reflection C. scenery D. view 13.The cost of the material is _in the bill for the work. A. held B. included C. kep

30、t D. packed 14. He suddenly _off the bicycle and luckily he was not injured. A. fell B. fallen C. falled D.felled 15. If you climb up the peak of the mountain, you can enjoy a superb _ of the city. A. sight B. view C. scene D. landscape 16. The flowers in the garden look_and smell _ A. wonderful; sw

31、eet B. nice; badly C. beautiful; better D. good; well 17. Professor White has written some stories, but he is_ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 18.How often do you go to the library? - _ A. In two days B. Every few days C. Each third day D. After a few days 19. It was d

32、ifficult for me to_ the final conclusion at once. A. come B. draw C. reach D. arrive 20. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he_. A. had long been expected B. had long expected C. has long expected D. was long expected Section B A. likely B. common C. necessary D. sense E.

33、usual F. remains G. drive H. closely I. occurs J. needed The family is a central institution of modern British society, at least in the 1 that almost everybody has had experience of living in a family for some time in their lives. There are many different family patterns in modern Britain. One patte

34、rn that was 2 in the 1950s and covers about one in eight families today is where the parents and married children live 3 together but in separate houses. The family bond 4 strong and mothers and daughters are 5 to meet each other most days to talk or help each other when 6 . This pattern 7 more ofte

35、n in settled communities rather than in mobile ones, in the north of England rather than in the south, and in working class rather than in middle-class families. Another pattern is where parents and married children live further apart( usually about an hours car 8 from each other). They may meet onl

36、y once or twice a month but keep in contact by telephone and help each other when 9 . This pattern is growing and covers about half of the population. It is found especially in middle-class families in the southeast of England. . Reading Comprehension Section A The Cambridge(剑桥) Centre for Chinese C

37、ulture and China Travel Service gave us1 excellent tour of Beijing, Xian, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai that we are already planning for our return for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. It is hard to tell our rich experiences, 2 a few stand out; The American TV, radios, newspaper do not 3 China very well.

38、4 we have read of the economic reforms, we have no idea of the scale(规模) of these changes. Beijing grows every day. This is also true in Xian. And when we got to Shanghai, one of the most exciting modern cities in the world, we felt 5 we were seeing the future rather than the present. The spread of

39、new construction was amazing. In Boston, we have a US $15 billion project to build a one-mile underground highway that has 6 20 years and is 7 not complete. In Shanghai, China built 2,400 new skyscrapers in 8 10 years. For 9 of years, the Chinese people have been hardworking, disciplined, and patien

40、t, succeeding in finishing many engineering buildings 10 the Great Wall and the Terra Cotta Warriors (兵马俑). These valuable characters are still visible in modern 11 , 12 China a very good place for investment(投资) . We were 13 impressed by the ability of 14 Chinese people to respond strongly to the p

41、rivate enterprises bunched 20 years ago. It seems that 15 everyone in China is a businessman, and this strong entrepreneurial spirit is surprising to see in a country where the models for private enterprise are so new. 1. A. such on B. such an C. such D. so a 2. A. but B. and C. or D. also 3. A. cov

42、er B. read C. say D. speak! 4. A. If B. Although C. Unless D. But 5. A. as B. like C. as if D. as that 6. A. spent B. used C. taken D. cost 7. A. already B. still C. yet D. ever 8. A. just B. more that C. the same as D. rather than 9. A. thousand B. two thousand C. hundreds D. thousands 10. A. as B.

43、 like C. against D. for 11. A. times B. period C. time D. year 12. A. made B. to make C. making D. made in 13. A. deep B. in deep C. in depth D. deeply 14. A. many B. few C. so many D. a lot 15. A. almost B. mostly C. most D. at most 答案： A. 1. twists 2. preserved 3. hold 4. took shape 5. landscape 6

44、. historical 7. attracted 8. admitted 9. abandoned 10. overlooked B. 1. In very hot summer, the most effective way to preserve food is to leave food in therefrigerator. 2. The investor has decided to abandon the project. 3. It is said that he has been admitted to a university without taking the nati

45、onal entrance examinations. 4. The tourists were attracted by the scenery of Li River. 5. The construction of the Potala Palace is a wonder. 6. Students must have access to good books. 7. Standing on the top of the hill, we can overlook the whole village. 8. As a baby-sitter, her duties include putting the children to sleep. 9. Do more exercises, and you will succeed in passing the exams. 10. In the earthquake, many buildings of the city fell into ruin. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A