2021年新课标（老高考）英语复习练习课件：专题十　主旨要义.pptx

1、A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组 Passage 1(2020课标全国,D) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.

2、In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchang- ing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusu

3、al functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can en- gineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michae

4、l Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common veg- etables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to

5、read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the

6、plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to de- velop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a p

7、ower plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates. C.Employees from variou

8、s workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants. 2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers? A.To detect plants lack of water. B.To change compositions of plants. C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants. 3.What can we expect of the glowing pl

9、ants in the future? A.They will speed up energy production. B.They may transmit electricity to the home. C.They might help reduce energy consumption. D.They could take the place of power plants. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Can we grow more glowing plants? B.How do

10、we live with glowing plants? C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 高考词块高考词块 1.crime/kram/ n.罪行,不法行为 2.print/prnt/ vt.印出,压印 3.consume/knsjum/ vt.消耗,耗费 答案答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与植物之间的关系。文章 介绍了绿植对人类的积极影响和发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。本文有助于培养学生的 分析、推理、判断能力以及科学创

11、新精神。 1.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第一段主要讲的是什么?根据第一段第二句(最近的研究发现 了积极的影响。)以及第三、四句所举的两个实例(城市中绿化越好的地区犯罪率越低;装饰有室 内植物的工作场所的员工的生产力提高了15%。)可知,第一段主要讲的是绿植带来的好处。所以 D项正确。A:对不同植物的一项新研究;B:犯罪率的大幅下降;C:来自不同工作场所的员工。 2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:麻省理工学院的工程师们压印在植物叶子上的传感器有什么 作用?根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their

12、leaves to show when theyre short of water”可知A项(为了检测植物缺水)正确。B:为了改变植物的成分;C: 为了让植物的寿命更长;D:为了探测植物中的化学物质。 3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们未来对这些发光植物可以有什么期待?由文章最后一句 “Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(发光植物可以缩短距离, 从而有助于节约能源。)”可知, C项(它们可能有助于减少能源消耗)正确。A:它们将加速能源生 产;B:它们可能把电传输到家中;D:它们可

13、能取代发电厂。 4.C 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题?文章主要讲的是绿 植给我们带来的积极影响并重点讲了发光植物的现状以及美好前景。结合文章第三段最后一句 话“The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.(Strano说,这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间,或者甚至把树木变成自供 电的路灯。)”可知C项(Could glowing plants replace la

14、mps?)契合文章的核心内容。A:我们可以种 植更多的发光植物吗?B:我们如何与发光植物共同生活?D:如何让发光植物无污染? 长难句长难句 In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效 率显示了15%的提高。 本句是一个主从复合句,主句是employees were shown to be 15% more productive, when引导时间状 语

15、从句。 Passage 2(2020课标全国,B) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found childre

16、n who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for dif- ferences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recording

17、s of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that as- sessed

18、 their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles m

19、ore frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were pu

20、blished in the journal Developmental Science. 1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A.Building confidence. B.Developing spatial skills. C.Learning self-control. D.Gaining high-tech knowledge. 2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment? A.Parents age. B.

21、Childrens imagination. C.Parents education. D.Child-parent relationship. 3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play? A.They play with puzzles more often. B.They tend to talk less during the game. C.They prefer to use more spatial language. D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 4.What i

22、s the text mainly about? A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study. C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program. 高考词块高考词块 1.spatial/spel/ adj. 空间的 2.predictor/prdkt(r)/ n.预示物 3.assess/ses/ v.评定 4.tend to往往会 答案答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是完善自我。文章介绍了益 智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。本文旨在说明益智游戏对孩子空间能力发展的重要

23、 性。 1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:儿童在哪个方面能从益智游戏中受益?根据第二段的第一句话 (芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊 莱文发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩益智游戏的儿童在 以后会发展更好的空间技能)可知B项(发展空间技能)正确。A:建立信心;C:学习自我控制;D:获得 高科技知识。 2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当莱文设计她的实验时,她将什么考虑在内了?根据第二段的最 后一句话(莱文说,在参照了父母的收入、教育程度和家长谈话量的差异后,益智游戏被发现是认 知能力的一个重要预测因素)可知C项(父母的教育)正确。A:父母的年龄;B:孩子们的想象力;D:孩 子与父母之间的关系。

24、3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在益智游戏中,男孩和女孩有何不同?根据第五段的最后一句话 (然而,男孩比女孩更倾向于玩更复杂的益智游戏,而且男孩的父母比女孩的父母提供更多的空间 语言,并且在益智游戏中更活跃)可知D项(他们可能会玩更难的益智游戏)正确。A:他们更经常玩 益智游戏;B:他们往往在游戏中更少说话;C:他们更喜欢使用更多的空间语言。 4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:这篇文章主要是关于什么的?根据文章第一段和第三段出现的 researchers,第二段出现的psychologist、expert以及最后一段出现的findings、published、the jour- nal De

25、velopmental Science可知B项(一项科学研究)正确。A:一个数学方法;C:一个女心理学家;D: 一个教学大纲。 长难句长难句 Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊 莱文

26、发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩益智游 戏的儿童在以后会发展更好的空间技能。 本句是一个主从复合句。句中an expert on mathematics development in young children at the Uni- versity of Chicago是Psychologist Susan Levine的同位语;who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 为定语从句。 Passage 3(2020课标全国,D) We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that oc

27、curred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle- raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained

28、a mutation(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these peo

29、ple are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in In- donesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Haw

30、aii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a liv- ing as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwa- ter much longer than us local islanders,”Dr. Jubilado said

31、.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.” In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical charac- teristics that made the task easier for the

32、m.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B

33、.New knowledge of human evolution. C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection. 2.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast. 3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.

34、They had a superb way of fishing. C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B.Highlanders Survival Skills C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research D.The Worlds Best Divers 高考词块高考词块 1.evolution/

35、ivlun/ n.进化 2.digest/dadest/ v.消化 答案答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发展与环境的 关系。文章通过列举巴瑶人由于靠海为生,逐渐变得擅长潜水的事实来说明人类的进化。本文侧 重于培养学生的文化意识。 1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者想通过第一段的例子告诉我们什么? 根据第一段第一句可 知我们是进化的产物,而且不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。故选B(人类进化的新知识)。A: 养牛者对环境的适应;C:人类起源的新近发现;D:食物选择的意义。 2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:巴瑶人把他们的房子建在哪里? 根据第二段中

36、的They have tra- ditionally lived on houseboats.in coastal waters.可知,巴瑶人把房子建在沿海水域。故选择D(邻近 海岸)。A:在山谷里;B:在河边;C:在海滩上。 3.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶人感到惊讶? 由第三段中的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知C选项(他们 可以在水下待很长时间)正确。A:他们可以整天在支柱上走;B:他们有一种高超的捕鱼方法;D:

37、他 们既生活在陆地上,又生活在水里。 4.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:这篇文章合适的题目是什么? 本文主要讲述了巴瑶人因为靠海 为生而导致基因变化,从而可以长时间潜水。故A选项(为适应海上生活而改造的身体)正确。B: 高地人的生存技能;C:遗传研究的基本方法;D:世界上最好的潜水员。 Passage 4(2019课标全国,D) During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which al- lowed me to keep my high social status

38、. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psycho

39、logy. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psy- chology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays- well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in l

40、ife and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least li

41、ked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least wel

42、l-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the

43、 neighbors want you on a play dateshar- ing, kindness, opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability re- lated to positive life outcomes, but it is als

44、o responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advan- tage,”he said. 1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool. 2.What is

45、the second paragraph mainly about? A.The classification of the popular. B.The characteristics of adolescents. C.The importance of interpersonal skills. D.The causes of dishonorable behavior. 3.What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids? A.They appeared to be aggressive. B.They tend

46、ed to be more adaptable. C.They enjoyed the highest status. D.They performed well academically. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B.The Higher the Status, the Better C.Be the BestYou Can Make It D.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 高考词块高考词块 1.status/stets/ n.地位

47、;身份 2.rank/rk/ n.地位,级别 3.sort.into.把分类 4.adjustment/dstmnt/ n.调整;适应 答案答案 语篇解读 本文体裁为说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。文章将受欢迎 的人分成了两类讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。 1.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在上小学的低年级时是什么样的女孩?根据题干中的early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句中的During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing

48、 my dolls and jokes(喜欢分享玩偶和笑话),因此可以推断作者是大方的,故选C项。 A:不友善的;B:孤独的;D:酷的。 2.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第二段的主要内容是什么?根据第二段第二句Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seek- ers.可知,本段对受欢迎的人进行分类,故选A项。B:青少年的特点;C:人际交往技巧的重要性;D:不 光彩行为的原因。 3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Prinstein博士的研究中针对最受喜欢的小孩的发现是什么?根 据题干中的study和the most liked kids可定位到第四段中的It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us。healthy adjustment(调整,适 应)对应B项中的adaptable(能适应的),故答案为B项。A:他们显得有侵略性;C:他们喜欢最高的地 位;D:他们学习成绩很好。 4.A