高考英语基础语法精讲及最新高考真题同步练习（含答案）：主谓一致.docx

1、专题专题 0909 主谓一致主谓一致 一、主谓一致概览 ( (一一) ) 语法一致语法一致 用法 例句 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复 数，谓语动词用复数 The results of the research are to be published soon. 复合不定代词 someone, anyone, everyone， nobody/no one,something,anything, everything, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数 If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me. Nothing is impossible to

2、 be a willing heart. 名词复数 each of them/us/you 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式，但“we,you,they 或 名词复数+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复 数形式 Each of the students has an apple. The students each have an apple. 代词 all 作主语：若指人，谓语动词用复 数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词通常用单数 All are equal before the law. All is well that ends well. 主谓一致 语法一致 主语的单复数决定谓语 动词的单复数

3、意义一致 形单意复或形复意单的 名词作主语，谓语动词 要根据主语的意义决定 邻近一致 谓语动词要和离它最近 的主语在数上保持一致 主谓一致的情况比较复杂，考点也比较分散。可从两个方面来把握：1. 根据语 法一致和邻近一致的原则准确辨识作主语的中心词；2. 根据意义一致原则深刻 理解主语表示的数。 高考分析 不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词 通常用单数 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. many a the whole each every +单数名词作主语谓语动词单数 either neither Many a page

4、in this book is missing. The whole nation is in deep sorrow. ( (二二) ) 意义一致意义一致 用法 例句 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的 police,cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The police have not made any arrests. 表示一类人/物的the poor/rich/dead/injuried/wounded 等和“the+姓 氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The rich are to help the poor. The greens are going to London. 表

5、 示 某 国 人 的 总 成 的the Chinese,the British,the Irish 等作主语时，谓语动词用复 数 The Chinese are hard-working. 诸如 maths，physics,news 等以“s”结尾却表 示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语 动词用单数 Physics is my favorite subjects. Bad news has wings. 单复数同形的名词 sheep，deer，means， works（工厂）等作主语，谓语动词的数与 实际意义一致 Three sheep are eating grass there. A

6、sheep is lying there. 集体名词 family，class，crew，team， group，public，audience，committee， government等作主语时，动词的单复数要根 据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词作为一 个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其 中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数 The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls. The class are doing experiments. ( (三）就近一致三）就近一致 1由 or, nor, either . or ., nei

7、ther . nor ., not only . but also .等连接并列主语时，谓 语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。 Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. 2there be, here be后接几个并列名词时，谓语 be动词的数遵循就近原则。 There is an orange and four bananas left. （四）主谓一致的几个难点（四）主谓一致的几个难点 （一一）并列主语的主谓一致并列主语的主谓一致 1当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用 and, both .and 连接，并表示两个

8、不同的概 念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但 and 连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面 的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如 the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand等。 Both tea and coffee are my favorites. The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people. 2由 each, every, no,many

9、 a 修饰的名词作主语时，即使有 and连接多个并列主语，谓 语动词仍用单数形式。 No sound and (no) voice has been heard for a long time. Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school. (二二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致 1“分数of/百分数of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity of 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语

10、动词的单复数一般取决于 of 后名词的数。但 quantities of .作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 About one third of the books are worth reading. A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose. Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose. 2“a great deal of/a large amount of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但 large amounts of .作主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large am

11、ount of grain has been eaten by birds. Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds. 3a number of, a variety of 修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of, the variety of 后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them are from Hebei. A number of students have gone for a

12、n outing. 4由 kind, form, type, species, portion, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决 于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。 Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. (三三)其他情况的主谓一致其他情况的主谓一致 1当主语后带有 as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, includi

13、ng, in addition to 等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数 取决于前面主语的单复数。 The house, including the garden and the park, was sold. I think the boss, rather than the workers, was to blame for the loss. 2在“one of复数名词who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用 复数。one 前面如果有 the only/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 This is one of the questions that

14、have been asked by the students. He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball. 3“more than one/many a(n)单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball. 4强调句 it is/was . that/who .中，主句谓语总是用单数。 It is he who tells us the n

15、ews. 5由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如 shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of, a piece of, a kind of, a series of 等来修饰， 谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。 His trousers are too long to wear. This pair of glasses was found in the bag. .单句语法填空 1(2018 全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live

16、 forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 2(2017 全国卷)Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 3(2016 全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomo

17、rrow _ (be) often acceptable. .单句改错 1(2018 全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well._ 2 (2016浙 江 高 考 )He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us._ 3(2014 全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends . My dream school look lik

18、e a big garden._ 4(2014 辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby._ 5(2014 陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they looked like rain！_ 1.解析：is 根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句 的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it 指代上一句的 running regularl

19、y，是第三人称单 数，故填 is。 2.解析：is 本句中的主语是 fast food，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数 形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填 is。 3.解析：is 主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，所以谓语用单数 形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。 1.解析：includeincludes 分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰 place，关系 代词替代 place 在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使 用第三人称单数的形式。 2.解析：waswere 从句中的主语是 we，为复数，故 be动词应该用 were。 3.解析：looklooks 最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根 据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用 looks。 5. 解析：waswere 句中主语是“the arrows”，为复数形式，故 be动词应该用 were。 4. 解析：havehas 句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应用单数 形式。