Unit 4 突破·语法大冲关 同步教材讲解（2020新外研版）英语必修第二册.doc

1、 动词- ing 形式作状语 一、动词- ing 的具体形式 观察例句 They sat in the classroom，reading the books borrowed from the library. I stood there motionless，not knowing what to do. Having succeeded in the test，he became more confident. Not having finished his homework，the boy was still doing it in the classroom. Having been

2、 told several times，he still couldnt understand how to operate the machine. 归纳用法 (1)动词- ing(以 do 为例)从形式上可分为一般式(doing)与完成式(having done)，其被动式分别为 being done 与 having been done。 (2)动词- ing 形式的一般式作状语， 表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时 或相继发生，其否定式为 not doing。 (3)动词- ing 形式的完成式作状语， 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。其否定式为 not having b

3、een done。 即学即练 1 完成句子 由于我已经完成了所有的工作，我就坐下来休息一会儿。 Having finished all my homework，I sat down to have a rest. 这个男孩坐在门口，等着他妈妈回来。 The boy sat by the door，waiting for his mother to return 没有被邀请，她感到非常不愉快。 Not having been invited, she felt very unhappy. 二、动词- ing 形式作状语的具体情况 1时间状语 观察例句 Walking in the park，sh

4、e came across an old friend. You should never take a chance while driving a car. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作时间状语时， 相当于时间状语从句， 有时可在前面加上 when 或 while。例的 WalkingWhen she was walking。 即学即练 2 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Hearing(hear) the good news，he jumped with joy. Having finished(finish) his summary，he went out for a walk. Wh

5、en approaching(approach) a crossroad，you must be careful. 2原因状语 观察例句 Not knowing his address，I couldnt call on him. Having eaten at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again. Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作原因状语时，相当于原因状语从句。例的 Not knowing Because I didnt

6、know 即学即练 3 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Being(be) ill，he couldnt book the flight. Having lived(live) in the city for many years，I knew it well. Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film. 3伴随或方式状语 观察例句 He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. He suddenly appeared in class on

7、e day，wearing sunglasses. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作伴随或方式状语时，可以转换成并列成分。例的 reading and read 。 即学即练 4 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，reading(read) me stories till I fell asleep. She lay on the grass feeling(feel) depressed about the whole situation. 4. 条件状语 观察例句 Turning to the l

8、eft，you will find a path. Taking more exercise，youll become stronger and healthier. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于条件状语从句。例的 TurningIf you turn。 即学即练 5 一句多译 努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。 Working hard，you will pass the exam.(动词- ing 形式作状语) If you work hard，you will pass the exam.(条件状语从句) Work hard，and you will pass the

9、exam.(祈使句and陈述句) 5让步状语 观察例句 Having tried many times，he still couldnt overcome the difficulties. Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university seventeen years ago. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作让步状语时，相当于让步状语从句。例的 Having tried Although he had tried。 有时可在动词- ing 前面加上 although/though，even if/even

10、 though 等。 即学即练 6 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Though working(work) hard，he couldnt earn enough money to pay off his debt. Having been told(tell) many times，he still couldnt understand the problem. 6结果状语 观察例句 The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm. Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the de

11、lay. 归纳用法 动词- ing 形式作结果状语时，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，相当于 so 或 so that 引导的结果状语从句。例的 breakingso that he broke。有时为了突 出结果，可在动词- ing 前加上 thus。 名师点津 不定式作结果状语时，表示出人意料的结果，常与 only，never 连用。 即学即练 7 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 He comes home late every evening，making(make) his wife very angry. Anxiously，she took the dress out of the pa

12、ckage and tried it on，only to find(find) it didnt fit. The snow lasted a week，thus resulting(result) in a serious traffic jam in the whole area. 7评注性状语 观察例句 Generally speaking，children are naturally curious. Considering the budget，we have decided to give up the travel plan. 归纳用法 有些动词- ing 形式用于句首，没有逻

13、辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成 分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这被称为评注性状语。常见的评注 性状语有：generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking 坦率地说，roughly speaking 大致说来，judging from/by 根据来判断，considering 考虑 到，supposing 假如等。 即学即练 8 补全句子 Frankly speaking(坦率地说)，the resources in the world are very limited. Judging from his accent(从他的口音判断)，he mus

14、t be from the south. .单句语法填空 1When leaving(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us. 2Having worked(work) for a whole day，the secretary looked exhausted. 3George returned after the war，only to be told(tell) that his wife had had a car accident. 4Not knowing(know) her address，we cant get i

15、n touch with her. 5Though lacking(lack) a little confidence，he finished the speech successfully. 6Being talked(talk) to，you should look into the eyes of the person. 7Having been shown(show) around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Birds Nest. 8Having written(write) an important letter，I l

16、istened to the music for a while. 9Judging(judge) from his expression，he was frightened of spiders. 10There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky. .用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Last weekend， I 1.walked(walk) into our local bookshop.2.Having boug

17、ht(buy) a book，I decided 3.to take(take) the bus home，because it was quite a long walk home. When 4.getting(get) on the bus， I was 5.surprised(surprise) to see an old friend of mine.We started 6.talking/to talk(talk) and I hardly realized that I had arrived at my stop.7.Standing(stand) up， I cried，“Please wait! This is my stop！ ” I got off the bus， 8.smiling(smile) happily.Then，suddenly 9.realizing(realize) I had left my book behind on the bus，I shouted， “Stop， please！ ” But it was too late.The bus had gone away，10.taking(take) my book with it.