Unit 1 突破·语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020新版）英语必修第三册.doc

1、1/5 过去分词作状语 观察例句 1Treated this way，youre sure to feel hurt. 2Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. 3Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 4Lost in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound! 5The signal given，the bus started. 6When given a medical examinati

2、on，you should keep calm. 归纳用法 一、过去分词作状语的具体用法 1作时间状语时，可转换为 when 或 while 等引导的从句，通常放在句首。 如： Seen from the top of the hill( When it is seen from the top of the hill)，the school looks like a big garden. 从山顶上看，学校像一个大花园。 2作条件状语时，可转换为 once，if 或 unless 等引导的从句，一般放在句 首。如： Given more attention(If it was given m

3、ore attention)，the fire could have been avoided. 如果多注意一下，大火或许可以避免。 3作原因状语时，可转换为 because，as 或 since 等引导的从句，多放在句 首。如： Encouraged(As she was encouraged) by the teacher，the girl was very happy. 因为受到老师的鼓励，这个女孩很开心。 4作让步状语时，可转换为 though，although 或 even if 引导的从句，常放 在句首。如： Left(Although she was left) alone at

4、 home，Jenny didnt feel afraid at all. 2/5 尽管被单独留在了家里，珍妮一点也不害怕。 5作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。如： Surrounded by his students，the teacher went into the lab.( The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.) 老师在学生的簇拥下进入了实验室。 6过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词 when，while， if，though，as if，un

5、less 等。如： If heated，water will change into steam. 如果加热，水会变成水蒸气。 名师点津 过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词(短语)作状语时，表 示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状 语等，一般都有逗号同其他成分隔开，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1逻辑关系 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于： 两者与所修饰的主句 的主语的逻辑关系的区别。 (1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上 的主动关系。 He went out，s

6、hutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 (2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上 的被动关系。 Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困

7、难时，我们必须设法克服。 (3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见 3/5 的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、 lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，he hates to lea

8、ve it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。 2时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语 动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发 生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之 前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示 次数的短语及时间段(for一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被 动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换， 使句式更简洁。 Written in a hurry，this

9、 article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully，he found something he hadnt known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having finished his homework，he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。 即时训练 改写下列句子 1Because he was caught

10、 in a heavy rain，he was all wet. Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet. 2Although the book has been published many times，the book still sells well in the market. Although published many times，the book still sells well in the market. 3Though he was defeated，he remained a popular boxer. Though defeate

11、d，he remained a popular boxer. 4/5 4Once it is visited，the city will never be forgotten. Once visited，the city will never be forgotten. 5If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall. United，we stand；divided，we fall. .单句语法填空 1Influenced(influence)by his father，he fell in love with literature.

12、2He stood there silently，moved (move) to tears. 3 Time， used(use) correctly， is the money in the bank so we should cherish every second. 4Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous. 5 Separated (separate) from other continents for millions of years， Austr

13、alia has many animals and plants not found in any other countries in the world. 6 Generally speaking， if taken (take) according to the directions， the drug has no side effect. 7 Like ancient sailors， birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars. 8Raised (raise) in the poorest area of G

14、lasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. 9Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 10There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring (stare) at the night sky. .短文语法填空 Have you ever thought ab

15、out the best meal ever 1.eaten (eat)? For many people， it isnt just about the quality of the food；its also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 2.withWhen 3.asked (ask)，100 famous chefs from around the world told us 4.what their best meals were，and we got some 5.

16、interesting (interest) answers. As the researchers expected，30% of the chefs 6.surveyed (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult.20% 7.considered 5/5 (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives，and another 10% said that a m

17、eal while they were on vacation with their wife or husband was the best of all time.15% said that a simple meal often 8.cooked (cook) at home ranked 9.higher(high) than any other meal，and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked.10.Surprisingly (surprising)， 10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant！