广东省2021届高三上学期12月综合能力测试英语试题 Word版含答案.docx

1、广东省广东省 20212021 届高三综合能力测试届高三综合能力测试 英英 语语 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号及条形码填写和贴在答题卡对应位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用 橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷 上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 4.本试卷共 6 页，满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的

2、A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A few books recommended by Bill Gates Reading is my favorite way to indulge （放纵）my desire to know the world. Although I get to meet with a lot of interesting people and visit fascinating places through my work, I still think books are the best way to explore new topics that in

3、terest you. Here are four amazing books I read recently: Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City, by Matthew Desmond. If you want a good understanding of how the issues that cause poverty are twisted （交织） together, you should read this book. Desmond gave me a better sense of what it is like

4、 to be poor in this country than anything else I have read. Energy and Civilization: A History, by Vaclav Smil. Smil is one of my favorite authors, and this is his most famous book. He presents clearly how our need for energy has shaped human history. Its not the easiest book to read, but at the end

5、 youll feel smarter and better informed about how energy innovation changes the course of civilizations. The Best We Could Do, by Thi Bui. This novel explores what it means to be a parent and a refugee （难 民） .The authors family fled Vietnam in 1978. After giving birth to her own child, she decides t

6、o learn more about her parents5 experiences of growing up in a country tom apart by foreign occupiers. Believe Me: A Memoir of Love, Death, and JazzChickens, by Eddie Izzard. Izzards personal story in this book is attractive: he survived a difficult childhood and worked continuously to overcome his

7、lack of natural talent and become an international star. If youre a huge fen of him like I am, youll love this book. His written voice is very similar to his stage voice, and I found myself laughing out loud several times while reading it. 1. What does Matthew Desmond try to explore? A. Different ca

8、uses of poverty. B. The struggle of poor people. C. How to escape from poverty. D. Ways to live in a poor country. 2. The book Energy and Civilization: A History fells into the category of. A. economy B. education C. literature D. history 3.What do the last two books have in common? A. They are popu

9、lar around the world. B. They are expected to inspire readers. C. They focus on lives of ordinary people. D. They are based on personal experiences. B One dilemma that the super famous face is balancing the needs of privacy and recognition. For some stars privacy is an overvalued thing. In 1919, Dou

10、glas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford went on their European honeymoon. The two international idols had divorced their previous spouses （配偶） and were concerned about how they would be greeted. They neednt have worried. In London their car was surrounded by admiring women who pulled Mary out of the car to

11、 shake her hand, still grateful after two years for her efforts selling war bonds. In Paris they couldnt get any sleep with crowds gathering below their hotel room to sing and play for them. In Amsterdam they attended a party and were mobbed （包围） by other guests who wanted to get close to them. The

12、athletic Fairbanks placed his wife on his shoulder and escaped through the window. Finally, they found privacy in Hamburg, where their movies were not shown because of World War I. For an hour the famous newly-married couple walked the streets unnoticed until the bored Mary turned to her husband and

13、 said, “Doug, Im sick of this. Lets go back to one of those countries where they mob us.” Joan Crawford had similar feelings. Once in the 1930s she was staying in New York getting over her breakup with Clark Gable. Tired of staying around her hotel feeling so down she told her entourage （随从） 出 ey sh

14、ould go out and get some fresh air. The entourage, who had trouble keeping up with the stars quick pace, were shocked when she walked away from their planned road. Oh my God. Shes going into Grand Central Station! Someone shouted, “Look, its Joan Crawford! And she was mobbed. It took them thirty min

15、utes to escape the crowd and get back to their hotel suite. Her hair disheveled （凌乱） ， her dress tom and her face scratched, Crawford leaned against the door out of breath. Oh.,. oh my. That was wonderful. Lets do it again!” 4. What did Douglas and Mary worry about before going to Europe? A. Nobody

16、would greet them. B. They wouldnt be welcomed. C. Their war bonds wouldnt sell well. D. Their schedule would be made public. 5. What does Marys words in the second paragraph suggest? A. Hamburg was too quiet a place for her. B. Her movies werent shown in Hamburg. C. She fell ill after arriving in a

17、new place. D, She didnt really enjoy privacy so much. 6. What did Joan Crawford think of her being mobbed in New York? A. Amusing. B. Enjoyable. C. Dangerous. D. Embarrassing. 7. The author tells stories about the movie stars to show that. A. they may feel down from time to time B. they deserve peop

18、les love and respect C. they need both privacy and public attention D. they are not always popular around the world C The next time your brain refuses to recall a simple fact or name, be thankful. That could be a sign that your brain is getting rid of unnecessary information so that it can operate m

19、ore efficiently, and help you make better decisions. Researchers who study how the brain stores information find that when neurons （神经元）are connected to the hippocampus a region of the brain that plays a significant role in learning and remembering - they overwrite （覆 盖）old memories, making them har

20、der to access. Why does the brain spend so much energy erasing memories? Researchers believe that forgetting old information makes the brain more efficient. In a 2016 study, a team of scientists taught a group of mice to locate a maze （迷宫）.The researchers erased the memories of some mice with drugs

21、and moved the maze. The mice who still had memories of its original location had a harder time finding the new site than those that had no memory. Additionally, the team believes that keeping too much detail could prevent people from making good decisions. In fact, evolution has shaped our memory no

22、t to win a game of unimportant matters, but to make intelligent decisions. And when we look at whats needed to make intelligent decisions, we would argue that that its healthy to forget some things. The scientists say what the brain decides to forget is determined by our daily life. The memories the

23、 brain decides to lose are exactly those details from your life that dont actually matter and that may be keeping you from making good decisions. So the next time you are unable to recall a seemingly important fact, dont be hard on yourself. Your brain is making room for information that can contrib

24、ute to making you smarter! Remember, even Albert Einstein was absent-minded! 8. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Old memories. B. New memories. C. Neurons. D. Researchers. 9. What does the 2016 study suggest? A. Old memories affects decision-making. B. Old memories ca

25、nt be erased by drugs. C. Mice cant locate a maze without memories. D. Drugs make mice smarter in locating a maze. 10. What does the last sentence of the text imply? A. It isnt easy to make intelligent decisions. B. Einstein was as ordinary as normal people. C. Ifs normal for people to forget small

26、things. D. Einstein is a good example of absent-mindedness. 11. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How Does Your Brain Work? B. How Can We Become Smarter? C. Forgetting Makes You Smarter D. Brain Chooses What To Memorize D How would it feel to be the last person on Earth who speaks your lan

27、guage? For those of us whose native languages have millions of speakers, its almost impossible to imagine. And yet languages have come and gone throughout human history, and they continue to do so. Linguists estimate that of the worlds approximately 6,900 languages, more than half are at risk of dyi

28、ng out by the end of the 21st century. Sometimes languages die out quickly. This can happen when small communities of speakers are wiped out by disasters or war. In El Salvador, for example, speakers of the indigenous （土生土长的）Lenca and Cacaopera abandoned their languages to avoid being identified as

29、Indians after Salvadoran troops killed tens of thousands of mostly indigenous peasants in 1932 in order to put down an uprising （起义）. Most languages, though, die out gradually as many generations of speakers become very good at two languages and then begin to lose their advantages in their tradition

30、al languages. This often happens when speakers seek to learn a more-respected language in order to gain social and economic advantages or to avoid discrimination. The gradual disappearance of Coptic as a spoken language in Egypt following the rise of Arabic in the 7th century is one example of this

31、type of change. Modernization and globalization have strengthened these forces, and peoples around the world now face great pressure to adopt the common languages used in government, commerce, technology, entertainment, and diplomacy. Do languages have an afterlife? In many cases, yes. Dedicated pre

32、servationists often bring languages back into use again as a matter of regional or ethnic （民族的）identity. The most-famous example is Hebrew, which died out as a spoken language in the 2nd century CE （although it continued to be used as a language of religion and scholarship）. The spoken language retu

33、rned to its regular usage in a modernized form in the 19th-20th century and is now the first language of millions of people in Israel. 12. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Why languages die. B. Where languages go. C. How languages survive. D. When languages change. 13. How does a war influen

34、ce a language according to Paragraph 2? A. By creating a much better language. B. By ordering people to use another one. C. By forbidding people to use it in public. D. By decreasing the number of its speakers. 14. What can be learned about Coptic in the 7th century? A. Its speakers had higher earni

35、ngs than others. B. It was considered less-respected than Arabic. C. It speeded up modernization and globalization. D. Its disappearance resulted in the popularity of Arabic. 15. The example of Hebrew suggests that. A. some languages have advantages over others B. measures should be taken to protect

36、 languages C. dead languages have a chance to be used again D. languages are important to religion and scholarship 第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Pain is usually connected to a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send

37、 a warning of danger to your brain. 16 That, in turn, causes you to pull your hand away before any serious damage is done. Plants dont have nerves or brains, so they cant feel pain like you do. 17 And since they cant escape a potentially dangerous situation, they need other ways of fighting back. Th

38、e biggest threat to a plants life is getting eaten. Some plants discourage plant-eaters from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs, like a rose or a cactus does. Other plants produce bad-tasting or even toxic chemicals. 18 But a plant called bittersweet nightshade does something ev

39、en more smartly. When a slug, a small creature, chews holes in a nightshades leaf, a kind of sweet juice begins dripping out of the edges of the wound, almost as if the plant were bleeding. 19 In their quest to collect the juice, the ants gather all over the injured nightshade plant and attack anyth

40、ing that stands in their way - including the slug that damaged the plant in the first place. In short: Slug attacks plant; plant calls army of ants to come closer to kill slug. Thus, the plant can help itself by calling the enemies of its own enemies. 20 But they have armies of cold-blooded killers

41、always ready to obey their orders. A. Plants may look like passive victims. B. Your brain recognizes that signal as pain. C. This sweet juice successfully drives the slug away. D. Your brain is definitely a complex nervous system, E. The sweet juice happens to be a favorite food of ants. F. These fo

42、rce potential attackers to abandon their meals. G. But plants definitely do recognize when something is hurting them. 第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1分，满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空格处的最佳选项。 Victor, a mentally ill 38-year-old homeless man, was dropped off on a street by his mother

43、 and told to wait for her to return. Three years later, he was still standing at the 21 street comer waiting for his mother. Ginger 22 Victors street comer every day on her way to work at a nearby 23 . As winter approached, Ginger started to 24 how Victor would handle the cold. At her lunch break, s

44、he would visit her 25 neighbor and chat with him. The two 26 started a friendship and Ginger invited her new 27 to stay at her place whenever the weather got too bad. Since they became 28 , Ginger has brought Victor into several mental health clinics and even gotten him a job at her restaurant. To i

45、ncrease 29 of his situation, she created a Facebook page “This is Victor”, which raised money for Victors living costs. It gives 30 to Victors life regularly - and he has reportedly been doing 31 . “Tonight Victor laughed. As he laughed I could almost see the tension leave his 32 . the years of stre

46、ss and worry and the 33 that was bothering him now 34 melting away,“ wrote Ginger. “How lost he was at the comer! How sad we were to see him that way! And how 35 we can be that now hes not just smiling, but laughing! And now we can smile too.” 21. A. familiar B. quiet C. same D. secret 22. A. drove

47、by B. looked at C. came across D. paid attention to 23. A. institute B. company C. restaurant D. clinic 24. A. find out B. worry about C. study D. ask 25. A. old B. homeless C. cold D. former 26. A. hardly B. luckily C. unexpectedly D. eventually 27. A. neighbor B. guest C. acquaintance D. employee

48、28. A. satisfied B. worried C. noticeable D. close 29. A. confidence B. awareness C. investment D. appreciation 30. A. updates B. comments C. money D. introduction 31. A. differently B. poorly C. meaningfully D. amazingly 32. A. body B. house C. page D. comer 33. A. anxiety B. anger C. love D. excit

49、ement 34. A. sadly B. unusually C. slowly D. easily 35. A. disappointed B. worried C. patient D. thankful 第二节(共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单同的正确形式。 China is pretty much obsessed with QR Codes, which were responsible for $8 trillion worth of business deals last year. No 36 (sign) show that they are slowing down. Businesses should look to China when 37