Unit 1 突破语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、1 观察例句 1I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 3In the middle of this particular scene I spot a smal

2、l girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. 4I speak with the on- duty nurse，who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital. 5Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful. 归纳用法 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1限制性定语从句通

3、常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起限制确定作用。从 句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立 存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 除了在标点运用及从句的作用方面不同之外，

4、这两类定语从句还有一些区 别。 1关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词 who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副 词 when， where， why 等引导， 而非限制性定语从句不可用 that 或 why 来引导(上 2 述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car， which was made in China.(which 不可换用 that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence f

5、rom the meeting held last week.(which 不可换用 why，因为 which 在定语从句中作主语，而 why 只能 在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达， He didnt give the reason， for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 即时训练 A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. Im sorry no

6、t to have replied to your letter earlier，for which，I must say，I apologize. 2从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的 先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 3

7、关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在 口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或 关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days we spent together in college. 我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we 前省略了 that/which) She is not the one (that) she used to be. 她已不再是昔日的她了。(that 在定语从句中作表语) 4英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先 行词之前；而非限制性定语

8、从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 3 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success. 那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。 三、which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行 词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句

9、中，也可置 于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的 动词，如 see，hear，know，expect， remember，guess，hope 等 句意上 意为“这一 点” 表示“正如，正像的那样” The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 After graduating from college，I took some time off to go tr

10、avelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. 大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 .单句语法填空 1This is all that I know about the matter. 2The day will come when people all over the world win independence. 3The factory where his father worked was destroyed in the flood. 4We shouldnt spend our money testin

11、g so many people，most of whom are healthy. 5 The famous basketball star， Jordan， who tried to make a comeback， attracted a lot of attention. 4 6 Mexico City， which has a population of over 10 million， is probably the fastest growing city in the world. 7We will be shown around the city: schools，museu

12、ms，and some other places where other visitors seldom go. 8As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. 9 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of which uses it differently. 10I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have

13、 got this far. .短文语法填空 Mary，1.whose drawings were shown at the exhibition last month，is a model student，2.who is often praise for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall， our eyes were caught by a very large picture， 3.which was hung on the wall in front of us.The horse 4.

14、which was drawn in the picture was 5.exactly(exact) like a real horse.The man 6.who was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 7.that I had ever seen，and I should say Mary is the best young painter that I have ever heard of.However，you will be quite 8.mistaken(mistake) if you think that Mary was born a good painter.One of her 9.teachers(teacher) told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing until she became the best young painter 10.that has ever been heard of in her hometown.