Unit 2 教学知识细解码 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、1 1inform v通知，告知information n信息 2reject v拒绝，否决rejection n拒绝，否决 3persevere v锲而不舍，坚持不懈perseverance n毅力；坚持 4criticize v批评，挑剔critical adj.批评的criticism n批评；指责 5delight v使高兴 n高兴delighted adj.高兴的；愉快的 guarantee n保证；保证书；担保；担保人；抵押品 vt.保证；担保 A diploma is no guarantee of efficiency.n.保证 He put up his house as a

2、 guarantee.n.抵押品 We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialise.v.保证 Words And Phrases 知识要点 1 debt n债务，欠款 (教材 P13) When the funds are low and the debts are high，. 当资金少而债务高的时候， 例 1 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。 例 2 He was so good to me

3、 that I can never repay the debt I owe him. 他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。 知识拓展 (1)in debt 中 in 表示“处于状态中”，debt 前不加任何冠词。 (2)go/get/run into debt 负债 be in heavy debt 负债累累 be out of debt 不欠债(状态) pay off all the debts 还清债务(动作) be in sb.s debtbe in debt to sb. 2 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激 某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 Im in heavy debt at

4、the moment，but I hope to be out of debt when I get paid. Its easier to get into debt than get out of it. You saved my life；I am in debt to you forever. 小片段助记 Mike had been in debt for many years，but he worked hard day and night and managed to stay out of debt.However，his father fell seriously ill su

5、ddenly and Mike got/ran into debt to save his father.When Mike felt helpless as he didnt know how to pay off the debts， Mr.White offered him a good job to help him， so Mike often said to Mr.White，“I will always remember your kindness and Im forever in your debt.” 知识要点 2 pace n速度；步速；节奏 (教材 P13) Dont

6、give up though the pace seems slow. 尽管速度似乎很慢，但不要放弃 例 1 It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change. 跟上迅速的变化是很困难的。 例 2 I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country. 我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。 知识拓展 at ones own pace 以某人自己的速度 keep pace with 跟上，(与)并驾齐驱；(与)步调 一致 set the pace 定步速；起带头作用 the pace of lif

7、e 生活节奏 pace up and down 来回踱步 即学即练 单句语法填空 She works so fast that I cant keep pace with her. Each child learns at his or her own pace. 知识要点 3 inform v通知；告知 3 (教材 P14) We regret to inform you. 我们很遗憾地通知你 例 If you threaten me or use any force，I shall inform the police. 你要是威胁我或是动武，我就报警。 知识拓展 (1)inform sb.

8、of sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb.that. 告知某人 (2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的 keep sb.informed of sth. 使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事 (3)information n. 信息(不可数) 即学即练 单句语法填空 Have you informed the boss of/about your wish to leave? The headmaster informed us that the school would be closed for one day. Please keep me informe

9、d(inform) of/about the latest process of the plan. 知识要点 4 give up 放弃；停止；交给；让给；对某人的到来(康复、能否 找到等)不再抱希望 (教材 P14) You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your lifes work，. 你可能花了很多年放弃周末和空闲时间来写你一生的著作， 例 1 He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded. 他试

10、图逃跑，但发现已被包围时只好放弃了这个念头。 例 2 One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench. 他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。 知识拓展 give in(to sb.) (向某人)屈服，让步 give out 用尽；分发；发出(不用于被动语态) give back 归还 give away 泄露；赠送 give off 放出(光、热、气味等)；散发 4 即学即练 单句语法填空 Dont give away to the public when we will start. Please give back my bik

11、e to me tomorrow. The heater can give off much warmth. 名师点津 give up 表示“放弃”，后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，若宾语为代词， 则代词必须放在 give up 中间。 知识要点 5 have sth.in common (with sb.or sth.)与有(想法、兴趣、特 征等)相同之处 (教材 P14) When she received her first rejection letter， she decided that it meant she now had something in common with h

12、er favourite writers，. 当她收到第一封拒绝信时， 她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家有了共 同点， 例 1 We are attracted by each other，because we have something in common. 我们互相吸引对方，是因为我们有共同之处。 例 2 His thought had something in common with that of Emerson and other transcendentalists. 他和爱默生以及其他的超验论者在思想上也有相通之处。 知识拓展 have nothing in common

13、无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处 have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 in common with 和一样；和有共同之处 即学即练 单句语法填空 Although we have met by chance，we do have a lot in common. In common with many countries，Britain has serious environmental problems. 知识要点 6 turn down 调小；拒绝 (教材 P14) I wasnt going to give up until e

14、very single publisher turned me down，. 5 在每个出版商拒绝我之前我不会放弃， 例 1 She could not bear the relentless music and turned down the volume. 她受不了没完没了的音乐，就把音量调小了。 例 2 Supposing I turn down your offer，would you feel disappointed? 假如我拒绝你的提议，你会感到失望吗？ 知识拓展 turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量 turn around/round 转身 turn out 证明是；结果

15、是 turn to 转向；求助于，查阅 turn over 翻转；移交 turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关) turn in 上交 turn into 变成 即学即练 单句语法填空 When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out， but my friends persuaded me to go through with it. It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. 知识要点 7 guarantee v保证；担保；保修

16、n保证；保证书 (教材 P15) So，it seems that talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success. 所以，似乎光靠天赋不足以保证成功。 例 1 I guarantee that if you take this medicine，youll soon get well. 我管保你吃了这药就好。 例 2 A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality. 公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。 知识拓展 (1)guarantee sb.sth.(e

17、nsure sb.sth.) 保证某人得到某物 guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee that. 确保 6 guarantee sth.for some time 对保修多久 (2)give sb.a guarantee that. 向某人保证 under guarantee 在保修期内 即学即练 单句语法填空 I guarantee to be(be) here tomorrow.Trust me! I guarantee that youll enjoy yourself. This insurance guarantees you against lo

18、ss in case of fire. 知识要点 8 delighted adj.高兴的；愉快的 (教材 P15) We are delighted to inform you. 我们很高兴地通知你 例 1 I was delighted to be able to eat my favorite dishes to my hearts content. 我很高兴能够痛痛快快地吃我最喜爱的菜。 例 2 The bear was delighted and began to dance happily. 那只熊听了很高兴，就开始快乐地跳舞。 知识拓展 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was ver

19、y much delighted with the results. My parents will be delighted to see(see) you. 小片段助记 Much to my delight，my son is delighted to learn English.Yesterday he came house with delight and told me the good news that he won the first place in an English competition. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 not.until.句型 7

20、 (教材 P14) I wasnt going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，. 在每个出版商拒绝我之前，我不会放弃， 句式分析：本句中的 not.until.是固定句型，表示“直到才”until 引导状语从句。 例 1 Youre not going out until youve finished this. 你不把这事做完就不准出去。 例 2 The traffic laws dont take effect until the end of the year. 交通法要到年底才生效。 知识拓展 (1)当 n

21、ot until 位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until从句/表时间 的词助动词(主句)主语谓语其他。 (2)not until 的强调结构为： It is/was not until从句/表时间的词that其他。 翻译 Not until the teacher came in(直到老师进来) did the students stop talking. It is not until next week(直到下周) that the sports meet will be held. 即学即练 单句语法填空 It was not until I got married tha

22、t I could afford to buy a house of my own. Not until the last operation was finished did Bethune leave the battle hospital. 重点句式 2 with 复合结构 (教材 P15) .and as we know， Harry Potter became a global success， with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 正如我

23、们所知， 哈利波特在全球获得了成功，售出了 4 亿多本书， 并被翻译成 70 多种语言。 句式分析：本句中 with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages 是“with名词宾补”结构，其中 books 和 sold 是动宾关系；books 和 translated 是动宾关系。 例 1 He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。 例 2 The thief was forced into the post statio

24、n with his hands tied back. 8 贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。 知识拓展 with 的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节， 在句中可作原因、 方式、 条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有： (1)with宾语形容词； (2)with宾语副词； (3)with宾语介词短语； (4)with宾语动词的现在分词， 表示动作正在进行且宾语与动词是主动关 系； (5)with宾语动词的过去分词， 表示动作已经发生且宾语与动词是被动关 系； (6)with宾语动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。 翻译 With the old man leading us(有那位老人

25、带路)，we got to the top of the mountain easily. The village is beautiful with the trees covered with white snow(树林都披上了 银装) With much work to do(有那么多的工作要做)， he went to the factory ahead of time. 即学即练 单句语法填空 She had to walk home with her bike stolen(steal) With the crowds cheering(cheer)，they drove to t

26、he palace. With no one to talk(talk)to，John felt miserable. 重点句式 3 祈使句and陈述句 (教材 P15) Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you.” 继续努力，最终你会读到“我们很高兴地通知你” 句式分析：本句是“祈使句and陈述句”句式 例 1 Follow the advice of the doctor，and youll be well very soon. 听从医生的建议，你很快就会好起来。 9

27、 例 2 Work hard，and you can make rapid progress in your study. 努力学习，你就能在学习上取得快速进步。 知识拓展 “祈使句and陈述句”句型的三种变化形式 (1)“祈使句破折号陈述句” (2)“名词词组and陈述句”； 名词词组中通常含有 more， another， further， earlier 等词。 (3)“祈使句or陈述句”；or 表示“否则”“要不然的话”，or 可用 or else 或 otherwise 替换，从反面来预测结果。 翻译 Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like

28、it(也许你会喜欢的) One more step(再多迈一步)，and the baby will fall into the well. Watch your step， or else you might fall into the water(不然你会掉进水里的) 即学即练 单句语法填空 Do as youre told，otherwise youll be in trouble. A few minutes earlier，and I could have seen the famous scientist. In fact，it is within the pages of Jan

29、e Eyre that we can find these words：“I honour endurance，perseverance，industry，talent；because these are the means by which men achieve great ends.” 分析 本句为复合句，it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words 是强调句， 强调状语 within the pages of Jane Eyre； 直接引语中 because 引导原因状语从句，by which 引导定语

30、从句修饰先行词 means。 译文 事实上， 正是在 简 爱 这本书里， 我们可以找到这样一句话： “我 尊重忍耐力、毅力、勤奋和才干；因为这些是男人实现伟大目标的手段” 教材 高考 1.When the funds are low and the debts are high，. (2019 天津卷)Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. 10 2.We regret to inform you. (2018 北京卷)He later informed me that I w

31、as “not athletic”. 3.So， it seems that talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success. (2019 全国卷)Data security measures are guaranteed. .单句语法填空 1Another 500，and I could buy a car. 2With prices going(go)up so fast，we cant afford luxuries. 3Ten years of prison had turned him into an old man. 4They have

32、 nothing in common with each other in their manners. 5Well run into debt if you spend more than our income. 6We are able to get the information(inform)we need from the Internet. 7He said that he was delighted with the public response. 8Not until they heard that she was safe and sound were(be) their

33、minds set at rest. 9We guarantee to reply(reply)in full within 10 working days. 10The little boy gave away his hiding place when he coughed. .短语填空 keep informed of；give up；have something in common；turn down；keep pace with；take.for example 1Take Tom for example，many students have passed the exam. 2Iv

34、e been trying to give up smoking for getting on for two years now. 3Ill keep you informed of the progress made. 4What I have heard has something in common with what you have seen. 5Little Marie turned down the job at the restaurant. 6 We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific r

35、esearches. .课文语法填空 Success rarely happens overnight，but not many know that many famous writers have faced 1.rejection(reject)For example，J.K Rowling thought she has something 11 in common 2.with other famous writers when she received rejection letters.She even spent years 3.surviving(survive) on lit

36、tle money but devoted all her time to 4.writing(write).5.Eventually(eventual)， her famous novel， Harry Potter， became 6.a global success.J.D.Salinger began writing in high school.Despite rejections，he continued 7.to write(write)even when he served in the army.Three sisters from Victorian England had firm 8.perseverance(perseve)They once used male names to publish their works because women were not encouraged to write.Their works 9.are regarded(regard)as classic of world literature.10.So talent isnt enough to success.