Unit 5 教学知识细解码 同步教材讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、1 1distant adj.遥远的distance n远处 2evolve v进化evolution n进化 3suspect v猜想，怀疑suspected adj.被怀疑的 4generate v产生，创造generation n产生 5nature n自然natural adj. 自然的 n擅长做某事的人naturalist n博 物学家 Words And Phrases 知识要点 1 distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的；疏远的 (教材 P50) The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “pr

2、ofit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known” “贝格尔号”船长需要个人， 此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并 从中受益”。 例 1 The airport was about 20 kilometres distant. 机场在大约 20 公里远的地方。 例 2 Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。 造句 这学校距离车站 3 英里。 The school is three miles distant

3、 from the station. 知识拓展 distance n 距离；远方 at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远 in the distance 在远方 out of distance from 离太远；达不到 keep sb.at a distance 对冷淡；与疏远 keep distance from 与保持距离 distance oneself from 使远离；使疏远 2 即学即练 单句语法填空 She was warned to keep her distance(distant) from John if she didnt want to get hurt.

4、The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance. 知识要点 2 be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 (教材 P50) Whats more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family” 更有甚者，他最近收到了

5、父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“你和你全家的耻 辱”。 例 He is a disgrace and an embarrassment to this hospital.他是这家医院的 耻辱和尴尬。 造句 你成了你的学校的耻辱，你的家庭的耻辱。 You are a disgrace to your school，and to your family. 知识拓展 (1) disgrace v 使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫 地；使失势；使失去地位 (2)in disgrace 很不讨人喜欢 即学即练 单句语法填空 I disgraced myself(me) by drinking far too

6、much. Mum told me Meggie was sent home in disgrace. 知识要点 3 lead to 引起，导致；通向 (教材 P50) Despite all this， his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. 尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之 一。 例 1 The laws have lead to a reduction in fuel consumption

7、 in the US. 这些法律已经使美国燃料消费量有所减少。 例 2 Excuse me， does this road lead to the railway station？请问， 这条路通 向火车站吗？ 3 造句 他们的分歧导致了街头的暴力活动。 Their disagreements lead to violence on the streets. 知识拓展 lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做 lead sb.to. 使某人得出 lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 in the lead 领先，处于首位 即学即练 单句语法填空 What led yo

8、u to select(select) your major? Im not going to allow anyone to lead me by the nose. They were in the lead.The finish line was close. 知识要点 4 fascinate v使入迷，吸引 (教材 P50) The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔 斯 达尔文，是一

9、位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。 例 1 It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自 幼就着迷的问题。 例 2 Therefore，I do not have anything with which to fascinate people. 因此，我没有什么能使人着迷的东西。 造句 这一整个流程都让我着迷。 The whole process fascinates me. 知识拓展 fascinating adj. 迷人的 fascinated adj. 着迷的 be fascinated b

10、y/with. 被迷住 fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力；迷恋 即学即练 单句语法填空 I retreated before her only as quickly as was necessary，fascinated(fascinate) Because of your existence，my life will be more fascinating(fascinate) In those days，she was fascinated by/with past visitors. 4 知识要点 5 be crowded with.挤满；充满 (教材 P51) After D

11、arwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 达尔文在南美待了一段时间后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样 本。 例 1 The old town square was crowded with people. 古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。 例 2 The roads are crowded with vehicles of all kinds. 马路上挤满了各种车辆。 造句

12、 路上挤满了各阶层的人。 The roads are all crowded with people of all ranks. 知识拓展 crowded adj. 拥挤的 crowd n& v. 人群/拥挤；聚集 a crowd of 一群 the crowd 群众；民众 crowds of 许多 即学即练 单句语法填空 There were crowds(crowd) of people at the theatre. This morning，the ground is crowded with white snow. The crowd was/were(be) marching on

13、 the street to improve their living conditions. 名师点津 crowd 可用作名词，译作“人群，大众”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词可按 单数或复数对待，the crowd“老百姓，大众”。 知识要点 6 exist vi.存在；生存，生活 (教材P51) As he studied these， he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? 当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？ 例 1 The problem only exis

14、ts in your head，Jane. 5 这个问题不过是你的想象，简。 例 2 Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild. 这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。 造句 它只存在于他的想象。 It exists only in his imagination. 知识拓展 (1)exist in 存在于之中 exist onlive on 靠为生 There exist. 有，存在 (2)existence n. 存在；生存 in existence 存在 out of existence 消失 come into existence 出现，产生 br

15、ing into existence 使出现/产生 即学即练 单句语法填空 But，there are some problems existed in its study. It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income. New companies come into existence(exist) every year. 知识要点 7 adapt to 适应，适合 (教材 P51) Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments

16、? 也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？ 例 1 I found it not easy to adapt to new life. 我发现适应新生活并不容易。 例 2 We must adapt to a changing world. 我们必须适应不断变化的世界。 造句 我们必须通过持续不断的学习来适应新变化。 We must adapt to the new changes through our continuous learning. 知识拓展 adapt.to. 使适应或适合 6 adapt.from. 根据改编或改写 adapt.for. 改编或改作之用 adaptable a

17、dj. 能适应的，适应性强的 adaptation n. 改编(本)，改造；适应 即学即练 单句语法填空 Its hard to adapt this novel for children. These flowers are well adapted to the harsh winter. He tried to adapt himself(him) to the new life. The author is going to adapt his play for television. 知识要点 8 suspect v怀疑；不信任；猜想 (教材 P51) Darwin suspecte

18、d that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的， 这个祖先很久以 前就来到了这些岛屿。 例 1 I suspected her motives in offering to help. 她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。 例 2 You dont really think Webb suspects you? 你不是真的认为韦布怀疑你吧？ 造句 你为什么凭空怀疑这消息的真实性？ Wh

19、y do you suspect the truth of the information? 知识拓展 suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb.to be. 疑心某人是 suspect that. 疑心 即学即练 单句语法填空 Some people suspected him of theft. The police suspected him of taking(take) a part in the jewel robbery. The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu. 知识要点 9

20、 convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 (教材 P51) But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and 7 more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服， 以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的 理论。 例 1 He can come up with a convincing explanation. 他能说出个道道来。 例2 His version of the accident seemed most convincing.他

21、对该事件的叙述 似乎最令人信服。 造句 他每句话都在理上，使人听了不能不心服。 Everything he says is reasonable and convincing. 知识拓展 (1)convince vt. 使确信；使信服；使相信 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that. 使某人相信 convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (2)convinced adj. 坚信不移的 be convinced of sth. 深信某事 be convinced that. 深信 即学即练 单句语法填空 How can I c

22、onvince you of her honesty? What convinced you to vote(vote)for them? )I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me. They were convinced(convince)of the suspects guilt. 小片段助记 He tried to make me convince him of the explanation.I was convinced of his words becau

23、se of his convinced expression on his face. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 so.that.句型 (教材 P51) But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服， 8 以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 句式分析：句中的 so.that.表示“如此以至于”，that 引导结果状 语从句。 例 1 He was so angry that

24、 he couldnt say a word. 他如此生气以至于说不出话。 例 2 He is so young that she cant look after herself. 他太小了，不能照顾自己。 造句 他学习如此努力，以至于得了一等奖。 He works so hard that he got the first prize. 知识拓展 即学即练 单句语法填空 There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. There was so little time left that we could hardly finish

25、 the work. They are such good children that we all love them. When the Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most. 分析 本句是一个复合句，when 引导时间状语从句，but 连接并列句，but 后面是一个强调句，强调主语 the birds。 译文 1835 年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了

26、许多新 物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 9 教材 高考 1.The captain of the ship，the Beagle， wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known” (2019 天津卷)To many people， technology means computers， hand- held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. 2.Despite all thi

27、s，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. (2019 全国卷)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us. 3.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on t

28、he ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. (2019 全国卷) Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？ .单句语法填空 1Ive had so many falls that I have pains here and there. 2The evidence from studies of

29、 depression and heart disease is most convincing(convince) 3The man suspected(suspect) of killing JonBenet Ramsey could be transferred to Colorado today. 4The play is an adaptation(adapt) of a long novel. 5I spotted my friend at once among the crowd. 6He was fascinated with her beauty. 7They led me

30、to a numinous place that day. 8A doctor like him is a disgrace to our hospital. 9He stopped at safe distance(distant)，and watched him pass by. 10Why do I believe in the existence(exist) of atoms? .短语填空 adapt to；be a disgrace；suspect.of；in the distance；be crowded with；lead to 1I watched him until he

31、disappeared in the distance. 10 2The way he handled the problem was a disgrace to me. 3This in turn leads to decreased support and maintenance costs. 4The office was crowded with people complaining about the washing machines. 5When he moved to France，the children adapted to the change very well. 6Sh

32、e was suspected of having links with a criminal group. .课文语法填空 Darwin was fascinated 1.by rocks，plants and animals，who began his journey 2.on the Beagle.As he studied the samples which was 3.crowded(crowd) with his room on the ship，he raised the question: how did different species come 4.to exist(ex

33、ist)？Although people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time， Darwin wanted to look for 5.evidence(evident) to prove it was not true.On the Galapagos Islands，he noticed the 6.difference(differ) between the finches，and it seemed their beaks 7.had evolved(evolve)Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 8.earlier(early) ancestors.9.Eventually(eventual)，he proposed a theory about evolution 10.that living things had evolved from lower forms of life， and published his book， On the Origin of Species.