Unit 5 教学·知识细解码 同步讲解 （新教材）外研版（2020）选择性必修第二册.doc

1、 1drama n戏剧，戏剧艺术dramatic adj.巨大的；引人注目的；给人印象 深刻的dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地 2subsequent adj.随后的；后来的subsequence n随后发生的事，后果 subsequently adv.后来，随后 3multiply v(使)大大增加，(使)倍增multiplication n乘；增加 4explode v突然增加；爆炸；突然发生explosion n爆炸；猛增 5ecology n生态；生态学ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 6compare v比较；对比；比作comparison n比较 7

2、apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的；清楚的apparently adv.据说；看来， 似乎 8vary v (形状等)不同；改变various adj.各种各样的variety n多样性； 多变性variation n差异；变化 9secure adj.稳固的，可靠的security n安全 10greet v打招呼greeting n问候，招呼 1trap n(捕捉动物的)陷阱，罗网，夹子；圈套；诡计 v使落入险境；使陷入困境 She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 圈套 They were tr

3、apped in the burning building. 使陷入困境 I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap. 陷阱 2explode v爆炸；爆破；爆裂；勃然(大怒)；大发(雷霆)；突然发生(危 险)；突然爆发，迸发(感情)；突然增加 There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside. 爆炸 Suddenly Charles exploded with rage. 大发雷霆 The population explodes to 40，000 durin

4、g the tourist season. 突然增加 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 multiply v(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；乘；(使)繁殖 (教材 P50) Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do bestthey multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. 在岛上自由自在，它(兔子)们尽其所能迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被并 挖洞，造成水土流失。 例 1 T

5、he children are already learning to multiply and divide. 孩子们已经开始学习乘法和除法了。 例 2 Their problems have multiplied since last year. 自去年以来，他们的问题倍增。 造句 在实验室里繁殖这些细菌是可能的。 It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory. 知识拓展 multiple adj. 多种多样的 multiple choice 多项选择 multiplicity n. 多种多样 即学即练 单句语法填空

6、 The driver of the crashed car received multiple(multiply) injuries. We are all amazed at the multiplicity(multiply) of the nature. 知识要点2 in turn 轮流，依次；反过来 (教材 P50) This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. 这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。 例 1 The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals. 女孩子们

7、饭后轮流擦桌子。 例 2 The students were summoned in turn to be interviewed. 学生依次被召入进行面试。 造句 反过来，这些也会影响你的工作效率。 This in turn will also have a negative impact on your productivity. 知识拓展 take turns to do sth./in(doing) sth. 轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 take ones turn 依次，轮到某人 by turns 轮流，依次 即学即练 单句语法填空

8、Its your turn to recite(recite) the passage. We take turns to make /in making dinner. We make dinner by turns(turn) 名师点津 (1)in turn 表示“轮流；反过来”，而 in return (for)则表示“作为(对)的 回报”。 (2)by turns 和 take turns 中的 turn 用复数形式。 知识要点3 decrease v(使)减少；(使)变小 n减少；降低 (教材P51) But although the virus caused the rabbit

9、population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats. 尽管病毒导致兔子数量从 13 万只减少到 1 万只左右，但也意味着猫的食物 减少了。 例 1 This species of birds is decreasing in numbers every year. 这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。 例 2 There has been some decrease in military spending this year. 今年的军费开支有所减少。 造句 人们应减少脂肪的

10、摄入量。 People should decrease the amount of fat they eat. 知识拓展 (1)decrease in sth. (在某方面)降低，减少 decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了 (2)on the decrease 在减少 (3)increase v& n. 增加，提高 即学即练 单句语法填空 A local newspaper remarks that crime is on the decrease. The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last yea

11、r. The population of China has increased to about 1.4 billion. 知识要点4 trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；坑害 n圈套；陷阱；诡计；夹 子 (教材 P51) In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. 上世纪 80 年代，人们用陷阱和狗来捕猫。 例 1 We became trapped by the rising floodwater. 我们被上涨的洪水困住了。 例 2 We realized too late that we were caught l

12、ike rats in a trap. 等我们发觉自己已成瓮中之鳖时已经太晚了。 造句 我不愿让他以为我是在给他设圈套。 I would hate him to think Im trying to trap him. 知识拓展 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在中 trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入的圈套；使上当 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进的陷阱 fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱 (3)set/lay a trap for 为设圈套 即学即练 单句语法填空 The shopkeep

13、er trapped me into buying(buy) their poor quality milk. Dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place. The old man was trapped in the burning house at that moment. 知识要点5 (教材 P51)It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. 结果他们

14、对病毒产生了免疫力，他们的数量再次激增。 (1)turn out 结果是；证明是 例 1 Cosgraves forecast turned out to be quite wrong. 科斯格雷夫的预测最后证明是大错特错。 例 2 Sometimes things dont turn out the way we think theyre going to. 有时事情并不像我们认为的那样发展。 造句 结果发现我认识那个中枪的人。 It turned out that I knew the person who got shot. 知识拓展 turn up 出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，

15、发现 turn off 扭转(开关、水龙头等)，关掉(煤气、自来水等) turn on (扭转开关)打开(自来水)，开(煤气、灯、电视等) turn in 转身进入；交出 turn to (向某人)求助；注意；翻到(页) turn down (扭转形状等)调小(煤气等)， 关小，调小(收音机等的声音)；拒绝 turn over 翻过来，翻转 即学即练 单句语法填空 The car was turned over and the driver seriously injured. Be calm and sit tight and everything will turn out well. P

16、lease remember to turn off all the lights when you leave. She turned down every offer of help. 小片段填空 The party was almost over, but Jane still didnt turn upTom was very disappointed.He didnt know why Jane didnt turn down his invitation if she didnt want to come.He turned over the bottles on the tabl

17、es, and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turned off all the lights in the hall, turning the hall into a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was! (2)explode v爆炸，爆发；激增；勃然大怒 例 1 They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded. 他们在清理时第二颗炸弹爆炸了。 例 2 Do you fear that youll bur

18、st into tears or explode with anger in front of her? 你害怕在她面前突然大哭或勃然大怒吗？ 造句 旅游季节人数暴涨至 4 万。 The population explodes to 40，000 during the tourist season. 知识拓展 (1)explode with 因(愤怒)而发作 explode into 爆发出 explode into laughter 哄堂大笑 (2)explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增 explosive adj. 易爆炸的；爆炸性的 即学即练 单句语法填空 Are you about

19、 to explode with excitement? Stress can build up and explode into problems. Highly explosive(explode) gas is naturally found in coal mines. 知识要点6 owe v应该做；对负有 的义务；欠(债)；感激；归功 于 (教材 P51) . but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 但我们人类有义务给这个岛一个幸福的结局。 例 1 The country owes billions

20、of dollars to foreign creditors. 这个国家欠外国债权人数十亿美元。 例 2 The play owes much to French tragedy. 这部戏颇受法国悲剧的影响。 造句 他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。 He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him. 知识拓展 owe sb.sth. 欠某人某物 owe.to. 把归功于 owing to 由于 即学即练 单句语法填空 Owing(owe) to the rain, they could not come. He

21、 owes his good health to his regular life. I owe an apology to him.I owe him an apology. Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 nor 倒装句 (教材 P50) Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habi

22、tat for thousands of years. 他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何 与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。 句式分析：本句是一个部分倒装句，nor 置于句首，句子用部分倒装，因此 would 提前，表示“也不”。 例 1 She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her. 她没有打字经验，那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。 例 2 You cant cancel the contract, nor can anybody else. 你不能撤约，任何人都不能。 造句 他没再去

23、过，也没写信致歉。 He never went again, nor did he write to apologize. 知识拓展 so助动词/连系动词 be/情态动词主语：意为“也一样”，表示前面 的情况也适合另一个人或物，此时该句为倒装句；so主语助动词/连系动词 be/情态动词：意为“确实如此”，表示词意前面的说法，此时该句不是倒 装句。 即学即练 单句语法填空 They finished their homework，so did I. I like English.So does(do) Jack. 重点句式2 it 强调句 (教材 P50) Its a tragic story

24、that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. 这是一个悲惨的故事，始于 1810 年人类来到岛上。 句式分析：本句是一个强调句，强调主语 a tragic story。 例 1 It was in May that you can see this kind of flower. 你在五月可以看到这种花。 例 2 It is science fiction that the boy loves to read. 这个男孩爱看的是科幻小说。 造句 引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人怎样学会了五种外语。 It was how the youn

25、g man had learned five foreign languages that attracted the audiences interest. 知识拓展 (1)强调结构的陈述式为“It is (was) 被强调部分 that (who).”。 该结 构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用 that 或 who 的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用 that 或 who 均可；当被强调的不是指人 时，则只能用 that(注意不用 which)。 (2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将 be 提到句首，即使用“Is/Was it 被强调 部 分 that/who.” 。

26、 特 殊 疑 问 句 的 强 调 结 构 句 型 为 “ 疑 问 词 (Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)is/was it that.”这样的形式。 即学即练 单句语法填空 It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning.(强调主语) It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance. 教材 高考 1.The cats in consequence turned their attention and their stomachs back

27、to the native birds, killing up to 60，000 each year. (2019 江苏卷)This belief in “post- industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector( 制 造 业 ), with negative consequences for their economies. 2.It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their num

28、bers exploded once again. (2019 全国卷)It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪). 3.In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. (2019 天津卷) We succeed in our field of specialization and then become tr

29、apped in it. 4.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats. (2018全 国 卷 ) This switch has decreased pollution in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. .单句语法填空 1It was on

30、ly when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 2If you wont go, neither will I. 3Our problems have multiplied(multiply) since last year. 4Global measles deaths decreased by 78% during this period. 5I was trapped into telling(tell) the police all I knew. 6She owes her su

31、ccess to hard work. 7This in turn attracts more users and advertisers, and so on. 8As a consequence, most Christian houses of worship are unofficial. 9But he turned out to be immature and irresponsible. 10Khartoum has exploded with anger at accusations of blasphemy in the past. .短语填空 turn out；in con

32、sequence；in turn；come up with；out of control 1Nobody thought that he had turned out a great inventor. 2Tuk came up with the idea for the study while attending a long lecture. 3During arguments, that feeling can get out of control 4His death was totally unexpected and, in consequence, no plans had be

33、en made for his replacement. 5This, in turn, puts them at higher risk of AIDS. .课文语法填空 In 1810, humans arrived on Macquarie Island, they 1.unknowingly (unknowing) brought rats and mice, which quickly took over the island.They ate the birds eggs and attacked any baby birds.To control the rats and mic

34、e, cats 2.were brought(bring) to the island, 3.but cats developed an appetite for the birds too.4.As a source of food, rabbits were introduced to the island.They multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, 5.causing(cause) soil erosion.The number of cats increased be

35、cause rabbits provided 6.plentiful(plenty) food, 7.which led to more cats hunting the birds.In the 1970s, the island became an 8.official(office) nature reserve.A virus was released and caused the rabbit population decreased.Then the cats had less food and began killing birds.In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used 9.to catch(catch) the cats.With the departure of the cats, the mouse and rat population increased.Rabbits developed an immunity to the virus and their number exploded again.A programme is being carried 10.out to tackle the problem of the island.