2021届新高考英语二轮专题复习课件：4.2 名、形、副、代　多管齐下　巧化词性转换 .ppt

1、 策略二 名、形、副、代 多管齐下 巧化词性转换 技法1 提示词为名词时， 确定其正确形式的解题技巧 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 浙江卷7月Later, they learned to work with the 62._ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 主语或宾语， 词性不需要改 变， 应考虑名词复数形式。 答案与解析：seasons 考查名词的单复数。根据常识和

2、语境 可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasons。 2.2020 北京卷Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive carved out a _ (success) profession as a journalist. 分析句子结构， 发现需要改变 词性， 应考虑其形容词或副词 形式。 答案与解析：successful 考查词性转换。 profession 为名 词， 意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。 3.They are holding conferences to discuss the

3、_ (student) future. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词 与其后面的名词是所属关系， 应考虑用名词的所有格。 答案与解析：students 考查名词所有格。此处student 和后 面的名词future之间是所属关系， 应用名词所有格。 1牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加- s: bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls (2)以- s，- x，- ch，- sh结尾的名词，在词尾加- es: glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes (3)以辅

4、音字母- y结尾的名词，变y为i再加- es: citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories (4)以- o结尾的名词常在词尾加- s: radioradios, zoozoos, pianopianos, kilokilos, photophotos；加- es的有： heroheroes, NegroNegroes, tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes (5)以- f，- fe结尾的名词 少数直接加- s: roofroofs, beliefbeliefs 一般以- f或- fe结尾的名词

5、要变f或fe为v再加- es: selfselves, lifelives, thiefthieves, wifewives, knifeknives, leafleaves, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, halfhalves 温馨提示：注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如child children，manmen，toothteeth，footfeet，womanwomen 等。 2熟记名词变动词和形容词的前缀/后缀 前缀/后缀 示例 en- courage n勇气encourage vt.鼓励 - en strength n力气strengthen vt.加强 - iz

6、e apology n道歉apologize v道歉 - al nature n自然natural adj.自然的 - y health n健康healthy adj.健康的 - ful help n帮助helpful adj.有帮助的 - ous danger n危险dangerous adj.危险的 - tive impression n印象impressive adj.印象深刻的 - ible access n进入，使用权，通路accessible adj.容易取 得的 12020 浙江卷1月For Japan, the _ (number) are more striking22 in

7、 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 答案与解析：numbers 考查名词的单复数。根据下文的are可 知这里需要填写number的复数形式。 22019 浙江卷6月School uniforms are _ (tradition) in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 答案与解析：traditional 考查形容词。此处形容词作表语， 用来说明主语school uniforms的特点。 32018 全国卷Two of the authors of the review also ma

8、de a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67._(cause) 答案与解析：causes 考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起 因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。 42018 全国卷To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises

9、to 68._ (strength) your leg muscles (肌 肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 答案与解析：strengthen 考查词性转换。此处to为不定式符 号，在句中作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。 52018 浙江卷6月Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 答案与解析：dishes 考查名词的

10、数。dish是可数名词，其前 无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。 技法2 提示词是形容词或副词时，确定其正确形式的解题技 巧 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 新高考卷Historical 44._ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词是 形容词且需要改变词性时， 应 考虑用派生的副词或名词。 答案与解析：accuracy 考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修 饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词accuracy作主语。 2.2020 全国卷One day the emperor wanted to

11、get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62._ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 分析句子结构， 发现不需要改 变词性或有关比较关系的标志词 如：than, much, even, in / of 介词 短语时， 应考虑比较级或最高 级。 答案与解析：finest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇 帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。 3.This man may have killed others b

12、ut _ (fortunately) we have no firm evidence. 分析句子结构， 发现词义相 反， 应考虑用其反义词。 答案与解析：unfortunately 考查词性转换。 根据语境可 知， “没有确凿的证据”是件不幸的事情， 应用unfortunately。 1熟记形容词变副词的规则 类别 变化规则 示例 一般情况 直接加- ly slowslowly 缓慢地 commoncommonly 普通地 immediateimmediately 立刻地 双音节、多 音节， y结 尾， 变y为i， 然后加- ly happyhappily 高兴地 steadysteadil

13、y 稳定地 busybusily 繁忙地 以- le结尾 去掉e加- y simple simply 简单地 gentlegently 温柔地 terribleterribly 可怕地 possiblepossibly 可能地 以元音字母 e结尾 去掉e加 - ly true truly 真实地 以- ic结尾 加- ally economiceconomically 经济地 scientificscientifically 科学地 常考容易拼 错的副词 rudely, politely，widely，nicely， closely，fortunately，surprisingly， incr

14、easingly, hurriedly, healthily 2.牢记形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 示例 - age short adj.短缺的shortage n不足；短缺 - cy fluent adj.流利的fluency n流利；流畅 - dom wise adj.聪明的wisdom n明智；智慧 - ence different adj.不同的difference n差异 - ness weak adj.虚弱的weakness n虚弱；弱点 - th strong adj.强壮的strength n力气，优势 - y difficult adj.困难的difficulty n困难 - t

15、y safe adj.安全的safety n安全 - ity responsible adj.负责的responsibility n责任 3.牢记比较等级的常见结构 (1)句中含有than, much, any, far, still, even, a bit, a lot等时，要 用比较级。 (2)the比较级.the比较级 越越 (3)比较级and比较级 越来越 (4)the比较级of the two名词复数 两者中较的那个 (5)the最高级in(of, among).在某范围内最 12020 全国卷Filled with 64._ (curious), the artist packe

16、d his bags and left. 答案与解析：curiosity 考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名 词。 22020 全国卷The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65._ the familiar near side. 答案与解析：than 考查连词。本句中含有more，空格后为比 较对象，因此本空应填than。 32020 全国卷As the small boat moved 68._

17、(gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 答案与解析：gently 考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用 副词。 42020 浙江卷1月The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becom

18、es 61._ (old) than before. This is 62._ (particular) true in the US. 答案与解析：older 考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的 than before可知， 这里意为“比以前更加年老”， 故填older。 particularly 考查副词。 根据句式结构可知， 此处修饰形容 词true, 故填副词形式。 52019 全国卷It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._ (p

19、oor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000 25,000 polar bears worldwide. 答案与解析：poorly 考查副词。此处应用副词poorly“不好 地”修饰动词studied。 62018 全国卷According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61._ (long) than non- runners. 答案与解析：longer 考查副词的比较级。由空格后的

20、“than”可知应用比较级，故填long的比较级longer。 72018 全国卷He screams the 63._(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 答案与解析：loudest 考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后 的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。 82018 全国卷A taste for meat is 63._ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is

21、 used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 答案与解析：actually 考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰整个 句子。 技法3 提示词是代词时，确定其正确形式的解题技巧 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2018 全国卷When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68._ (they) alive. 分析句子结构， 发现提 示词作宾语时，应考虑 用宾格的人称代词。 答案与解析：them 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处作 find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。故填them

22、。 2.2020 新高考卷As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42._ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 分析句子结构， 发现提 示词作动词或介词的宾 语， 且和主语是同一人 时， 应考虑用其反身代 词。 答案与解析：themselves 考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主 语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此

23、处应用反身代词形 式，故答案为themselves。 3.2020 全国卷Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70._ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 分析句子结构， 发现提 示词作定语时， 应考虑 用形容词性物主代词。 答案与解析：its 考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用 形容词性物主代词its。 牢记代词的

24、句法功能 1人称代词：人称代词的主格主要作主语；宾格做宾语或表 语。 2物主代词：形容词性的物主代词只能作定语；名词性的物 主代词可作主语、宾语或表语。 3反身代词：作宾语、表语或同位语。 12020 北京卷She recognized _ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. 答案与解析：my 考查代词。分析句子结构可知， 此处的 potential是名词， 意为“潜力”， 故此处应用形容词性物主代词 修饰名词， 故填my。 22019 北京卷Nervously facin

25、g challenges，I know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself” 答案与解析：myself 考查反身代词。whisper to sb.意为“低 声对某人说”，此处指代主语I，故用反身代词myself。 32020 四川绵阳第二次诊断The young policeman was touched by _ (they) loss and sadness, and said that he was more than willing to act as their son. 答案与解析：their 考查代词

26、。句意：这位年轻的警察被他 们的失子之痛所触动根据空后的loss and sadness(名词短语)可 知，该空应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。 42020 南昌一模The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls _ (it) “the oldest water town in China” 答案与解析：itself 考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称 “中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。 52020 安徽六校第二次联考National Love Our Children Day began in America in

27、 2004. It falls on the first Saturday in April. _ (it) aim is to honor and celebrate Americas children and str 答案与解析：Its 考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国 儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰 名词aim，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关 系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词，又因设空处在句首，首字母 要大写，故填Its。 考场练兵 检验考试能力 小题夯基练 单句语法填空 12020 洛阳市高三5月第三次统考On Tuesdays and T

28、hursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give aid to people without _ (home) 答案与解析：homes 考查名词的单复数。分析句子可知，此 处表示“没有住宅的人们”，home意为“住宅”时是可数名词， 根据前面的people可知，这里指不止一处住宅，且home前面没有 修饰词，所以应用其复数形式。 22020 濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟Though Thunberg does not have a magical cure for climate change, she believes that climate ch

29、ange can be affected at a grassroots level by educating friends and electing _ (politician) that support the cause. 答案与解析：politicians 考查名词的数。结合上下文可知， 此处意为“选举政治家”，故应用名词作elect的宾语，且该名词 作为定语从句的先行词，又由定语从句的谓语动词support判断主 语that指代复数名词，故填politicians。 32020 洛阳市高三5月第三次统考I was always amazed at the pace she kept

30、. On Mondays and Fridays, she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good _ (choose) of career. 答案与解析：choice 考查名词。形容词修饰名词，根据空格 前的形容词good可知，此处应用名词形式choice。 42020 高三八校第二次联考For many people, veganism _ (simple) means eating no meat, cheese or eggs, but going animal- free

31、also applies to fashion and manufacturing. 答案与解析：simply 考查副词作状语。句意：对于许多人而 言，纯素食主义仅仅意味着不吃肉、奶酪或者鸡蛋，但采取无动 物成分的做法同样适用于时尚业和制造业。此处用副词作状语。 分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰动词means，修饰动词要用副 词。故填simply。 52020 厦门市第二次质量检查Although the knowledge and education of TCM are declining, Chinese medicines are still around, and some remai

32、n the top few _ (choice) of people till today. 答案与解析：choices 考查名词的单复数。句意：尽管人们 对中医的了解和学习中医的人在减少，但中药仍在流行，直到今 天，有些中药仍是人们的首选。few修饰可数名词的复数形式， choice的复数是choices。 62020 赣州市高三年级适应性考试Single- use plastics are one of the worlds _ (big) sources of plastic pollution. 答案与解析：biggest 考查最高级。句意：一次性塑料是世 界上最大的塑料污染源之一。结

33、合句意表示“世界上最大的”， 应用形容词最高级。 大题提能练 语法填空 Test 1 2020 广州高三调研 We all know clean water is important for good health. But now we also know we should watch 1._ we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 2._ (call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. S

34、ince 2011, many countries 3._ (ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and feeding bottles. But are other non- BPA plastics safe? what called have banned Plastic labeled BPA- free might use other chemicals that have 4._ (harm) effects on health. 5._ (study) have shown that low levels of th

35、ose chemicals might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The 6._ (good) material to drink from is glass, 7._ has no chemicals that can poison water. Another good choice 8._ a water container is a stainless steel (不锈钢) bottle. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum (铝) b

36、ottles, which are covered with thin plastic 9._ (protect) the metal from acids (酸). There are many good food- grade stainless steel water bottles on the market. If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid 10._ (keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of c

37、hemicals into your drinking water. harmful Studies best which for/as/of to protect keeping 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我日常生活 正确选择存放水的容器 【文章大意】 用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放 一种对身体有害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使 用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不 锈钢也是不错的选择。 1答案与解析：what考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bottles”可知，此处表示我们现在还知道应该留意存放水的地方。 分析该句结构可知，空

38、处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾 语，表示“的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。 2答案与解析：called考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerous material和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的 过去分词形式。 3答案与解析：have banned考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根 据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时， 又主语many countries为复数，故填have banned。 4答案与解析：harmful考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空 处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful。 5答案

39、与解析：Studies考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的 “have shown”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研 究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。 6答案与解析：best考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种 对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可 知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高 级形式。 7答案与解析：which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知， 空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass， 故用which引导该从句。 8答案与解析：for/as/of考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此 处可表示用途，故用

40、for或者as；此处也可以表示“关于”，故用 of。 9答案与解析：to protect考查动词不定式。该句意为：不锈 钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐 蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。 10答案与解析：keeping考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定 用法，意为“避免做某事”。 Test 2 2020 东北三校高三第一次联合模拟 A crater on Mercury sat quietly for millions of years. Surprisingly, it acquired a name Li Ching- Chao, after a C

41、hinese female poet Li Qingzhao. The International Astronomical Union named the first group of craters on the planet after 310 famous writers and artists in human history, Li 1._ (include) What did she do to deserve such 2._ honor? Compared with other male poets in China, 3._ have left hundreds or ev

42、en thousands of poems, she has only eighty- seven. 4._， her artistic creativity in her 5._ (exist) works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle. included an who However existing She grew up in a 6._ (relative) relaxed atmosphere but her maiden (少女) days were so limited that

43、the regret could be felt in her poem: “But dont you know? Oh dont you know? The red should languish and the green must grow.” The arrival and disappearance of spring is one of the most frequent themes in Chinese poetry. Li had two marriages. The first ended up her being abandoned during the war. 7._

44、 (bad) still, she suffered physical abuse from her second husband. Bravely she charged him at the court and got the 8._ (permit) to divorce. In the final stage of her life, even 9._ no one to rely on, she never gave up hope and created many literary works that 10._ _ (leave) for generations to appre

45、ciate to date. relatively Worse permission with have been left 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会文学女词 人李清照 【文章大意】 水星上的一个环形山以中国著名女词人李清 照命名，这着实令人惊奇。李清照如何能够享有这份荣誉呢？本 文由此对李清照的一生进行了简要的介绍。 1答案与解析：included考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可 知，此处和句子谓语named之间没有连词，应用非谓语形式，且和 其逻辑主语Li构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，所以填 included。 易错分析：此处有的考生没有弄清楚句子结构，有可能把其 看作一

46、个并列句，误填成was included；还有考生会误填 including，以为是现在分词结构。事实上，如果把Li和空处调换一 下位置，填including就对了，此时including是介词，后跟名词、代 词、动名词作宾语。 2答案与解析：an考查冠词。此处的honor意为“荣誉”， 应用不定冠词修饰，且honor的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。 3答案与解析：who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空 处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词other male poets，所以填who。 4答案与解析：However考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作 几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人

47、相比，她只有八十七首，并结合 空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填 However。 5答案与解析：existing考查词形转换。分析句子结构可 知，此处应是形容词修饰名词works，所以填existing“现存的”。 6答案与解析：relatively考查词形转换。分析句子结构可 知，空处修饰形容词relaxed，应用副词形式，所以填relatively。 7答案与解析：Worse考查比较级。worse still意为“更糟糕 的是”，是固定用法，且符合语境，所以填Worse。 8答案与解析：permission考查名词。分析句子结构可知， 空处应为名词，作动词got的宾语，其前的冠词the对其起限定作 用，所以填permission。 9答案与解析：with考查介词。此处表示甚至尽管没有人可 以依靠，故用介词with，意为“尽管，虽然”。 10答案与解析：have been left考查动词时态、语态和主谓一 致。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语，关系代词that是 从句的主语，指代many literary works，且空处与从句中的主语that 构成被动关系，故用被动语态，即bedone，又根据时间状语to date可知，应用现在完成时，又主语为复