2021届新高考英语二轮专题复习课件：4.1.2 非谓语动词 .ppt

1、第二讲 非谓语动词 如何判断非谓语动词 提示词是动词， 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时， 则要考虑填非谓语动词。此时需要考虑非谓语动词的形式、提示 词与逻辑主语的关系以及固定结构等。 典例 2020 全国卷Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change- 4 66._ (find) and study areas of the South Pole- Aitken basin. 考场思维 (1)读句子定成分：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments

2、 onboard Change- 4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole- Aitken basin作非谓语。 (2)分析非谓语动词的句法功能动词不定式在句中作目的状 语。 (3)尝试解答：_ to find 技法1 提示词为动词时， 根据句法功能确定非谓语动词形式 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 浙江卷7月Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63._(make) use of annual fl

3、oods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词， 且在句中作时 间、伴随、条件、方式、意料之 内的结果状语或作定语时， 应 考虑用现在分词或过去分词。 答案与解析：making 考查非谓语动词中的动词- ing形式。结 合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。 2.2018 北京卷_ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词， 且在句中作主语 或宾语

4、时， 要考虑动名词或不 定式。 答案与解析：Traveling 考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着古老 的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知， 空处所在短语在句中作主语，应用动名词或动词不定式形式，结 合选项可知应填Traveling。 1作表语、定语、宾补指物时意为“令人的”，用 v.- ing形式，指人时意为“感到的”用v.- ed形式 The story sounds interesting and Im interested in it. 这个故事 听起来很有趣，我也很感兴趣。 2作目的状语、出乎意料的结果或表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后 应用不定式。 She was surpris

5、ed to see George walk in. 看到乔治走了进来， 她很吃惊。 3作时间、原因、伴随、条件、方式或意料之内的结果，且 表示主动时，应用现在分词。 He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. 他熄了灯，结果什么也看不见了。 4作时间、原因、条件等状语，且表示被动时，应用过去分 词。 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，他学习更努力了。 12019 全国卷Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear p

6、opulations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive 64._ (perform) consistently over a large area. 答案与解析：to perform 考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth. beadj.不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定 式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来， 人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在 很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。 22018 全国卷You dont have to run fast

7、or for long 62._ (see) the benefit. 32018 全国卷The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_ (improve) water quality. 2答案与解析：to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此 空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此空应用动词 不定式to see作目的状语。 3答案与解析：to improve 考查非谓语动词。to improve为 非谓语动词作目的状语。句意：为了提高水质量，政府鼓励农民 种植玉米而不是水稻。 42020 辽宁铁岭协作

8、体一联Above all，I have come to understand that _ (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness. 52020 河南八市重点高中第二次质检I felt hopeless and alone，and more _ (depress) than I knew was possible. 4答案与解析：bringing 句意：首先，我开始明白了授人 玫瑰手有余香的道理。在宾语从句中设空处作主语，且表示抽象 概念，故用动名词作主语。 5答案与解析：depressed 句意：我感到绝望、孤独及

9、前所 未有的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。 62020 江西红色七校一联It is _ (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes. 答案与解析：shocking 句意：令人震惊的是，一些投资银行 甚至根据他们是否穿棕色鞋子来判断应聘者。shocking令人震惊 的；shocked感到震惊的。 技法2 提示词为动词时， 根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式 解答非谓语动词题目的关键是能辨清非谓语动词与主句主语 之间是主动关系还是被动关系，主动

10、关系考虑v.- ing形式， 被动 关系考虑v.- ed形式。 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 全国卷They represent the earth 63._ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词，若非谓语动词作定 语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时 用现在分词，为被动关系时用过 去分词或不定式的被动。 答案与解析：coming 考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以填coming。 22020 蚌埠二中模拟Greatly

11、 _ (encourage)，the team conducted another experiment， this time with water that contained bacteria. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词，若非谓语动词作状 语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时 用现在分词，为被动关系时用过 去分词。 答案与解析：encouraged 分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部 分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的 动宾关系，故填encouraged。 3.2020 全国卷And when he saw the mists rising f

12、rom the river and the soft clouds 69._ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词，若非谓语动词作宾 语补足语，若是主谓关系，且强 调进行，则用现在分词形式；若 是被动关系，则用过去分词。 答案与解析：surrounding 考查非谓语动词。在“see宾语 宾补”结构中， 宾语与宾补之间是主动关系， 用现在分词表示动 作正在进行。the soft clouds 与surround 之间是主动关系， 且表示 正在发生的事情， 故填surrounding

13、。 通晓逻辑主语的作用 1确定非谓语动词用动词- ing形式还是动词- ed形式 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系，则用动词- ing形 式；若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系，则用动词- ed形 式。 Travelling around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise. 在城市里旅游，这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。 Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once. 由于受伤严重，她需要立刻被送往医院。 2确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动

14、语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则 用主动形式；若为动宾关系则用被动形式。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。 The meeting held last Saturday is of great importance. 上星期六开的会议很重要。 The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在召开的会议很重要。 混淆逻辑主语，非谓语动词形式误用 _ (see) from this point, the pr

15、oblem presents no easy solution. _ (see) from this point, we find no easy solution to the problem. 题中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语是the problem，两者之间是 被动关系，应用过去分词Seen。题中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语 是we, 两者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词Seeing。 12020 北京卷And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 10._ (design) for cutting their food, so it is certa

16、in that the damage will be disastrous. 答案与解析：designed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可 知， teeth和design为逻辑上的动宾关系， 故应用过去分词 designed。 22020 福州八中质检_ (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting，we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us. 答案与解析：Realizing 分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部 分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语w

17、e之间为逻辑上的主谓关 系，故填Realizing。 32019 北京卷Earth Day, 4._ (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 答案与解析：marked 考查非谓语动词。本句是主系表结 构，由连系动词is可知空格处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是 “庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是 被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用 过去分词短语作定语。本句句意：地球日在

18、4月22日举行，是一项 旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。 42020 江西宜春中学第一次诊断_ (compare) with the western medicines high fees，TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford. 答案与解析：Compared 考查非谓语动词。句意：与西药的 高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。 compared with.为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与相 比”。 技法3 提示词为动词时， 根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2019 全国卷

19、Scientists have responded by 67._ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68.higher (high) than they actually are. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词， 且在介词之后或 只接动名词的动词(短语)avoid, admit, put off 等之后， 应考虑 用动名词。 答案与解析：noting 考查非谓语动词

20、。在介词by后，应用动 名词作宾语，故本空填noting。 2.2020 全国卷The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67._ (find) the well- known painter. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词，且在只接不定式作 宾语的动词want, agree, plan, decide, set out等后， 应考虑用 不定式。 答案与解析：to find 考查动词不定式。set out to do sth.(怀着 目标)开始做某事。 3.2018 全国卷Once his message was delivered,

21、 he allowed me 70._ (stay) and watch. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 非谓语动词，且在只接不定式作 宾语补足语的动词( 短语)want, require, allow 等后， 应考虑用 不定式。 答案与解析：to stay 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。 牢记非谓语动词的固定用法 1只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk) 感激承认很值得(appreciat

22、e, admit, be worth) 介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off) 允许完成是期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to) 建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on, practise) 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on) 继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss) He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 三个希望两答应(

23、hope, wish, expect, agree, promise) 两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse) 设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine) 不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select) 打算提出俩计划(intend, offer, plan, mean) 申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford) 准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen) This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact. 这就是为什么他不想接受

24、这个事实的原因。 3只能跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语) (1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。 (2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，使役动词(make, let, have)； 感官动词(see, watch, observe, hear, notice) Father will not allow us to play in the stree

25、t. 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。 4with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with sb./sth. doing表主动、进行 sth. done表被动、完成 sth. to do表将来 The old woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated around and listening attentively.那位老太太过去 常常在那棵大树下讲故事，她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听 着。 5有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构 considering that鉴于，考虑到；judging

26、by/from从来看； supposing/providing/provided/assuming that.假定，假设；compared with/to与相比；generally speaking一般来说；to be honest老实 说；to tell you the truth说实话；to be frank坦率地说；to make matters worse情况更为糟糕的是。 6若非谓语动词在下列结构中，则只能用不定式 so. as to.; such. as to.; enough to.; too. to.；the序数词 /next/only/last名词to do.以及ittake

27、s时间to do sth.等结 构。 Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enough to earn laughter from beginning to end.然而令人吃惊的是，这部电影如此可笑以至 于从头到尾都有笑声。 12020 北京卷The problem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 6._ (try) to increase awareness about this prob

28、lem. 答案与解析：trying 此处是with 复合结构作状语， experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词形式 trying。 22019 浙江卷6月One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want _ (wear) the uniform. 答案与解析：to wear 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为 “想

29、要做某事”。 32019 全国卷On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 42._ (get) there. 答案与解析：to get 考查非谓语动词。此处是it takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长时间做某事”。 42018 全国卷You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63._ (die) early by

30、 running. 答案与解析：dying 考查非谓语动词。reduce ones risk of . “降低某人的风险”，此处介词of后接动词时要用其动名词 形式。 52018 浙江卷6月I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 答案与解析：visiting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可 知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动 词，此

31、处考查remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，故填 visiting。 62017 全国卷But unlike her school friends,16- year- old Sarah is not spending half- term _ (rest) 答案与解析：resting 考查固定用法。spend time (in) doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”，为固定用法。 考场练兵 检验考试能力 小题夯基练 单句语法填空 12020 河北衡水中学第三次联考The tomb is believed _ (cover) around 38 square mi

32、les and, along with the Terracotta Army, contains a large grave of laborers and craftsmen. 答案与解析：to cover 考查非谓语动词。此处为句式be believed to do，故填to cover。 22020 濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟The teens act soon spread quickly, _ (inspire) kids and adults worldwide to take action. 答案与解析：inspiring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此 处应用非谓语动词作状

33、语，逻辑主语the teens act和inspire之间是 主动关系，应用现在分词，故填inspiring。 32020 福州市第三次质量检测Pets can also entertain younger family members at homeKenneth Lynch and Lauren Wakefield bought a blue- and- silver betta fish for their two young children to help develop a strong sense of responsibility with feeding it and _ (

34、clean) the tank. 答案与解析：cleaning 考查非谓语动词。结合上文并列结构 with feeding it and可知空处与feeding一样，应填动词- ing形式。 42020 青岛市高三统一质量检测In richer countries, people are more likely to spend time _(sit) in offices. 答案与解析：sitting 考查动名词。固定短语spend time doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。 52020 衡阳市高三毕业班联考三It is obvious that _ (grow) much fu

35、ll- sun coffee affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. 答案与解析：growing 考查非谓语。句意：很明显，种植全 日照咖啡会影响生活的方方面面，从当地环境到全球生态。在这 句话中是种植许多全日照咖啡作主语，所以将grow变为动名词 growing作主语。 62020 湖南雅礼中学高三模拟On a local level, the damage _ (cause) by full- sun fields affects the areas birds and

36、animals. 答案与解析：caused 考查非谓语动词。句意：在地方层面 上，全天阳光照射造成的伤害影响了该地区的鸟类和动物。在这 句话中已经有了谓语动词affects，所以这里为非谓语动词作定语。 伤害(damage)和引起(cause)为被动关系，所以是过去分词作后置定 语。 大题提能练 语法填空 Test 1 2020 江西省五校协作体高三模拟Most of us hold the view 1._ the worlds oldest color is black or dark grey. However, scientists have discovered that brigh

37、t pink is the oldest known color. They looked at 1.1 billion- year- old rocks deep beneath the Sahara Desert. 2._ (make) powder from the rocks, then they found a bright pink color. Dr Nur Gueneli 3._ came from the Australian National University led the research. She said it 4._ (produce) by ancient

38、organisms (有机体) that lived in the old ocean. At that time, tiny organisms were 5._ largest life forms on the earth. that Having made who/that was produced the Dr Gueneli said her first 6._ (react) was complete amazement. She said her team thought the rock powder might turn black in their experiments

39、. Instead, it turned pink. Another researcher said, “Dr Gueneli came into my office and 7._ (show) this bright pink material, saying Look at this. It turned out to be a real color, 1.1 billion years old” The rocks could contain other colors, from a blood red to a deep purple. Gueneli accounted 8._ t

40、he importance of her findings. She said, “Imagine you could find a fossilized dinosaur skin that still has 9._ (it) original color green or blue. That is 10._ (actual) the type of discovery that weve made.” reaction showed for its actually 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会科学研究 最古老的颜色 【文章大意】 大部分人认为世界上最古老的颜色是黑色或 者深灰

41、色，但是令人意外的是，研究证明已知的最古老的颜色是 亮粉色。 1答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。根据语境并分析句子 结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明the view，作同位语，空处在 句子中不作句子成分，仅起到连接作用，应填that。 2答案与解析：Having made考查非谓语动词。分析句子结 构可知，空处和句子谓语found之间没有连词，故此处应是动词的 非谓语形式。此外，动词make和句子主语they构成逻辑上的主谓 关系，并发生在谓语found之前，故用现在分词的完成时形式。 易错点拨：本题考生易忽略动词make和谓语found之间的先后 关系，直接填现在分词making。 3答

42、案与解析：who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可 知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词 Dr Nur Gueneli，所以填who或that。 4答案与解析：was produced考查动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句的谓语，且与句中被动语 态符号by和从句主语it以及主句中said的时态呼应，故用一般过去 时的被动语态，be动词用was，所以填was produced。 5答案与解析：the考查冠词。largest是形容词最高级形式， 应用定冠词修饰，所以填the。 6答案与解析：reaction考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空 处被形容词性

43、物主代词her以及序数词first修饰，故用名词形式， 所以填reaction。 7答案与解析：showed考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可 知，空处和谓语came并列，所以填showed。 8答案与解析：for考查介词。account for“说明，解释”是 固定用法，符合语境，所以填介词for。 9答案与解析：its考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定 语，修饰名词color，所以填形容词性物主代词its。 10答案与解析：actually考查词形转换。分析句子结构可 知，空处修饰be动词is，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填 actually。 Test 2 2020 郑州高三第一次质

44、测 If youve ever ridden public transport, youve probably heard snores (打鼾声) and found someone sleeping in the seat across from you. The natural vibration (震动) of buses and subways 1._ (make) us feel sleepy, according to a new study in ScienceAlert. Why? Its all about sensory input information going t

45、o your brain. On a bus, your senses give you 2._ _ (continue) and repeating information. For example, the air conditioner and the engine create constant noise. Meanwhile, youre sitting still and your 3._ (surrounding) dont change. The vibrations of the engine are also ongoing. Your brain has almost

46、no new information to process. makes continuous/continuing/continued/continual surroundings Repeating information will be 4._ (ignore) eventually and your brain will enter a low- energy state. The fact that you fall asleep quickly with your eyes 5._ (close) on a bus is because your brain gets used t

47、o all the repeating information. “When youre tired, it doesnt take much time 6._ (start) nodding off. And weve found that the gentle vibrations made by car seats 7._ you drive can relax your brain and body，” said Stephen Robinson, 8._ researcher from the RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. ignored closed to start when/as/while a Robinsons team monitored 15 volunteers heart rate variability a well- known indicator of sleepiness. This research can assist in the development of practical and relevant guidelines for limiting 9._