2021届新高考英语二轮专题复习课件：4.1.1 动词的时态、语态与主谓一致 .ppt

1、第一讲 动词的时态、 语态与主谓一致 如何判断填谓语动词 提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现 句中找不到谓语或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需要填的动词与之是 并列关系时，所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的 时态、语态变化和主谓一致，有时还需要考虑虚拟语气。 典例 2020 全国卷 The unmanned Change- 4 probe (探测 器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess61._ (touch) down last week in the South Pole- Aitken bas

2、in. 考场思维 (1)读句子定成分：句子主语是The unmanned Change- 4 probe，空格touch是谓语动词。 (2)时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。 (3)尝试解答：_ touched 技法1 提示词为动词时， 确定时态的四根据 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 新高考卷The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38._(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39.which/that opened in 1759.

3、1.慧眼识别标志词 在题干中，yesterday， tomorrow，always，since，in the past few years，so far等都是判定 动词时态常用的标志性时间状 语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标 志词来判定时态。 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 新高考卷The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38._(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39.which/that opened in 1759. 1.慧眼识别标志词 在题干中

4、，yesterday， tomorrow，always，since，in the past few years，so far等都是判定 动词时态常用的标志性时间状 语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标 志词来判定时态。 答案与解析：formed 考查动词时态。根据上文内容以及时间 状语 in 1759可知，应用一般过去时。 2.2020 全国卷When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66._ (point) d

5、own the river. 2.瞻前顾后找并列 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时 态一致，如：and，but，not only .but also. 引导的句子时态 相呼应，应该一致。 答案与解析：pointed 考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓 语，故用一般过去时。 3.2020 浙江卷7月This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 64.the rise of science，changes began. New methods 65._ (mean) that fewer people worked in

6、 farming. 3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问 题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照 物都不明显的情况下，通过正确 理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗 示，也是解决时态问题的一条行 之有效的方法。 答案与解析：meant 考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时结合前两句的时态为一般过去 时，故填meant。 4.2017 天津卷I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 4.通过“常用句式”解决时态问 题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题 的快速且行之

7、有效的方式，因此 平时要积累并熟记一些常用句 式。 答案与解析：was driving 考查时态。句意：我正开车去伦 敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。这里使用了固定句式be doing sth. when .，表示“正在做某事时突然”。 牢记常见固定句式中的时态 (1)was/were doing. when一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do. when一般过去时 (3)had (just) done. when一般过去时 (4)Hardlyhad主语done. when一般过去时 (5)No soonerhad主语done. when一般过去时 (6)This/That

8、/It is the序数词timethat现在完成时 (7)This/That/It was the序数词timethat过去完成时 (8)It is/has been时间段since一般过去时 12020 浙江卷7月By about 6000 BC, people 61._ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 22020 北京模拟She 1._ (persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. 1答案与解析：ha

9、d discovered 考查动词的时态。根据时间 状语By about 6000 BC可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填 had discovered。 2答案与解析：persuaded 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的 “lit in me a fire for literature”可知，此处表述的是过去发生的事 情，故填persuaded。 32019 全国卷Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 45._ (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 42019 全国卷Pic

10、king up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 64._ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36- year- old business. 3答案与解析：recommended 考查时态。根据and可知所填 词语与shared构成并列谓语动词，故用一般过去时。 4答案与解析：declared 考查时态。分析句子结构可知， 主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去 时。 52020 沈阳监测This was the first time I _(experien

11、ce) sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again. 62020 梧州一模I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _(feel) better.” 5答案与解析：had experienced 考查动词时态。此题考查 固定句式 “This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”可知，从 句用过去完成时。 6答案与解析：will feel 考查动词时态。此题考查固定句 式：祈使句and/or陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时

12、。 技法2 提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 全国卷“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68._ (construct)” 分析句子结构，发现提示词 作谓语， 与主语之间是主 动关系时， 应考虑用主动 语态，若是被动关系， 则 考虑用被动关系。 答案与解析：is con

13、structed 考查被动语态。此处表示“月球 是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故 填is constructed。 2.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, _ (sell) well. 分析句子结构， 发现提示 词作谓语， 且表示的是主 语所具有的特征时， 应考 虑用主动形式表示被动意 义。 答案与解析：sell 根据句意可知， sell在此处表示事物所具 有的特征， 应用主动形式。 12020 浙江卷7月Farming produced more food p

14、er person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59._ (need) 22019 全国卷On the last day of our week- long stay, we 49._ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to m

15、usicians and meeting interesting locals. 32020 成都第二次诊断Hot pot restaurants can _ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu，but the quality and taste can vary hugely. was needed were invited be found 1答案与解析：was needed 考查动词的时态和语态。结合 句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与 need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was

16、needed。 2答案与解析：were invited 考查时态和语态。事情发生在 过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的 被动语态。 3答案与解析：be found 考查被动语态。动词find和句子主 语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。 技法3 提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则 典例导引 快捷思维 1.2020 新高考卷Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41._ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or us

17、ed for research. 22019 全国卷Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining， six 70._ (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data. 分析句子结构， 发现提示词作 谓语， 要考虑语法一致原则确 定谓语动词单复数。牢记： 1可数名词单数或不可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数； 可数名词复数作主语时，谓语 动词用复数。 2V- ing作主语， 谓语用单 数。 1答案与解析：is 考查一般现在时和主

18、谓一致。根据时间 状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为 only a small part of a museums collection，是单数形式，故此处用 is。 2答案与解析：are 考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事 实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语 动词应用复数。 3.2019 天津卷Amy，as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (1)就近原则：由eith

19、er.or.， neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接 的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在 人称和数上保持一致。 (2)就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语 动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 3答案与解析：was given 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：埃 米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由 last week可知give表示的动作发生

20、在过去，且Amy与give是被动关 系。 4.The family as well as their dog _ (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday. 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 主 语是集体名词时， 要考虑意义一致原则 确定其单复数。集体名词看作整体时， 谓语用单数形式， 看作个体时， 谓语用 复数形式。 4答案与解析：were trapped 分析句子结构可知， trap在句 中作谓语， 主语是the family, 在此指的是一家人， 根据意义一致 原则， 应用复数形式。 12018 全国卷While running regularl

21、y cant make you live forever, the review says it 64._ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 22017 全国卷Fast food 67._ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 1答案与解析：is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下 文语境

22、可知这里应用一般现在时；又因为主语it是第三人称单数形 式，故谓语动词用is。 2答案与解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情 况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语 动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。 32020 湖南长郡中学模拟The traditional Chinese marriage usually_ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as match- making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows. 42020 宁波九校联考Its

23、said that not getting enough sleep_(lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression. 3答案与解析：involves 考查主谓一致。根据该句中的 usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语 The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用 单数形式。 4答案与解析：leads 从句中主语not getting enough sleep是 动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此 处应用一般现在时，所以

24、填leads。 考场练兵 检验考试能力 小题夯基练 单句语法填空 12020 青岛市高三统一质量检测To stay healthy, the report _ (suggest) that people do at least 150 minutes of moderate(适 中的)physical activity or 75 minutes of intense physical activity every week. 答案与解析：suggests 考查主谓一致。主语the report是单 数，谓语动词suggest应用单三形式。 22020 高三八校第二次联考According t

25、o HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people _ (choose) veganism over the past decade. 32020 浙江卷1月People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should _ (place) on longevity (长 寿) 2答案与解析：have chosen 考查现在完成时。句意：据 赫芬顿邮报报

26、道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。 在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。时间状语over the past decade句子要用现在完成时。 3答案与解析：be placed 由短语place greater attention on可 知，attention 与place之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 42020 山东省临沂市高三一模“Theres no place like home.” This English saying has much truth in it: the best place _ (surround) by our loved ones and

27、with a roof over our head. 52020 山东省潍坊滨州市一模In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind _ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better. 4答案与解析：is surrounded 考查动词时态语态。本句中 主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且此处描述客观事实用一般现在 时，主语为place，谓语动词用单数形式。 5答案与解析：were ma

28、de 考查一般过去时态的被动语态 和主谓一致。句意：在那些最艰难的日子里，现金和实物捐赠被 用来帮助抗击疾病。根据In those toughest days可知这里在指过去 的事情，句子主语donations是复数形式，和make之间是被动关 系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。 大题提能练 语法填空 Test 1 2020 广州市综合检测二 Its just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons. and the Great Wall of China. He has

29、 lost count of the number of times he 1._ _ (climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day when he first saw 2._ _. has climbed it The UK native first came to China in 1986 with one of the 3._ (plan) to run the walls entire 4._ (long) but it didnt quite work out that time. He came back a year

30、 later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall 5._ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo projects that show 6._ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and hi

31、s Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) 7._ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a 8._ (complete) new and fascinating perspective. plans length published how to film completely In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesays life. His solo adventure 9._ (describe) as “the most successful foreig

32、n exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal 10._ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts. is/was/has been described from 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我个人经历 一个英国人和长城的故事 【文章大意】 英国人William Lindesay爬了无数次长城，出 版了八本关于长城的书，为保护长城做出了贡献，被中国政府授 予奖章。 1答案与解析：has climbed考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分 析句子结构可知，空处为从句的

33、谓语，根据主句中的“has lost” 并结合语境可知，空处应用现在完成时，又其主语为“he”，所 以填has climbed。 2答案与解析：it考查代词。根据语境可知，空处代指上文 提到的长城，所以填it。 3答案与解析：plans考查名词的单复数。plan是可数名词， 根据空前的“one of”可知，此处应用复数形式，所以填plans。 4答案与解析：length考查词形转换。根据空前的形容词 entire可知，空处应为名词，且指城墙的整个长度，所以填length。 5答案与解析：published考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可 知，空处为非谓语动词，和其逻辑主语eight books构

34、成动宾关系， 故用过去分词形式published。 6答案与解析：how考查名词性从句。根据语境并分析句子 结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”，所以填 how。 7答案与解析：to film考查固定用法。use sth. to do sth.“用做”是固定用法，所以填to film。 8答案与解析：completely考查副词。分析句子结构可知， 空处应为副词，修饰形容词new，所以填completely。 9答案与解析：is/was/has been described考查动词的时态和 语态。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，与句子的主语His solo adventure构成

35、被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据语境可知， 此处可看成是对客观存在的情况的描述，也可与空后一句中的一 般过去时相呼应或与空前一句中的现在完成时相呼应，所以填 is/was/has been described。 10答案与解析：from考查介词。结合语境可知，空处表示 来源，所以填from。 Test 2 2020 武汉市高中毕业生6月供题 Here is why you should care about astronomy. Its true that its advances benefit millions of people across the world. It has devel

36、oped technology now to track where your package goes, to determine where you are and so 1._. But all of these are mere second thoughts and 2._ (benefit) that have occurred without the primary 3._ (intend) of the maker. And that is 4._ makes astronomy beautiful. To study something not because were lo

37、oking to gain anything in particular, but purely 5._ (enjoy) natural wonders 6._ (be) all that makes us human. Doing work for the work itself creates room for joy. on benefits intention what to enjoy is I 7._ (firm) believe that astronomy has a spiritual dimension in the sense of how it connects us

38、with something bigger than ourselves. Because 8._ astronomy we now know exactly when the universe 9._ (come) into existence. And weve spotted thousands of planets orbiting other stars. It has explained mysteries (神秘的事物) 10._ (confuse) us for thousands of years, but even more significantly, it has op

39、ened up more mysteries than any of us can study in our lifetime. firmly of came confusing 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然宇宙探索 天文学 【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了我们应该关注天文学的原 因。 1答案与解析：on考查固定搭配。and so on为固定搭配，意 为“等等”，符合语境。 2答案与解析：benefits考查名词的单复数。分析该句结构 可知，该句中that引导定语从句，空处与thoughts为先行词，空处 与复数名词thoughts对应，benefit为可数名词，故该处用其复数形 式ben

40、efits。 3答案与解析：intention考查词形转换。根据空前的without the primary可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填intend的名词单 数形式intention。 4答案与解析：what考查表语从句连接词。分析该句结构可 知，空处引导表语从句，作表语从句的主语，表示“的事 物”，故用what引导该表语从句。 5答案与解析：to enjoy考查动词不定式。空处与to gain并 列，表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。 6答案与解析：is考查主谓一致和动词的时态。该句主语为 不定式“To study something”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又根 据语境可知，该句

41、陈述的是客观存在的情况，故用一般现在时。 7答案与解析：firmly考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，应 用副词形式，表示“坚定地相信”。 8答案与解析：of考查介词。because of为固定搭配，意为 “因为，由于”，符合语境，故填介词of。 9答案与解析：came考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，该句 意为“由于天文学，我们现在确切地知道宇宙是什么时候形成 的”。根据常识可知，宇宙的形成是发生在过去的事情，故用一 般过去时。 10答案与解析：confusing考查现在分词。分析该句结构可 知，空处修饰前面的名词mysteries，该名词和动词confuse之间为 逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。