2021届高三高考总复习之动词时态和语态.docx

1、动词动词 一、动词的时态和语态 （一）一般现在时 1、定义：经常性、习惯性的动作 时间标志词： always, usually/often, sometimes, hardly, seldom, never every+时间 once/twice/three times a+时间 时间状语从句，条件状语从句中，主将从现 2、考点 动词原形 （主语为一、二人称或者复数） 实意动词 动词三单 （主语不是一二人称或者复数） Be 动词 am is are 动词原形变三单的规则：1、+s 2、小四吃烧饼（s, x, ch, sh, o）结尾+es 3、辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es 4、ha

2、ve-has 4、被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词（规则动词过去式和过去分词变化规则 一样，不规则特殊记） The polar bear 1 (find) in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence that they 2 (range) all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Cana

3、da. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, an

4、d 3 (be)expensive to perform consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut has been reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations 4 (be) increasing. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congr

5、egating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations 5 (be)highly than they actually are. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 6 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine 7 (lack) enough data. （二）一般过去时 1、定义:过去发生的事情 2、时间标志词：yester

6、day last+时间 （last year） 一段时间+ago （three days ago） in the past in+过去的年份 3、考点：实意动词: 动词的过去式 Be 动词：was were（单数 was,复数 were） 动词原形变一般过去式的规则：1、+ed 2、以 e 结尾，直接+d 3、辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es 4、以辅元辅重读闭音节结尾，双写词尾+ed （travel-travelled ） 不规则变化：特殊记 4、被动语态: was/were+动词的过去分词 It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Ya

7、ngshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. Here, the air 2 (be) clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which

8、 3 (picture) by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and 4 (offer) all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 5 (be) really beautiful. （三）一般将来时 1、定义：将要发生的事情 时间标志词：tomorrow next+时间（next week）

9、in+一段时间（in two years 两年后）in+未来年份 in the future 2、考点：will+动词原形 3、被动语态：will+be+动词过去分词 （四）过去将来时 1、考点：would+动词原形 2、被动语态：would be+动词的过去分词 （五）现在进行时 1、定义：正在发生的事情 2、时间标志词：look、listen、now 3、考点：am/is/are+V-ing 形式 动词原形变 V-ing 形式的规则：1、+ing 2、以不发音的 e 结尾。去 e+ing 3、辅元辅重读闭音节结尾，双写词尾+ing （swim-swimming begin-beginnin

10、g run-running put-putting） （六）现在完成时 1、定义：表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响 表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去 2、时间标志词: recently already ever yet so far(到目前为止) up till now(到现在为止) in the past few years by the end of the year for+一段时间 since+时间点 since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般 现在时 3、考点 have （主语为一、二人称或者复数） +动词过去分词 Has （主语不是一、

11、二人称或者复数） 4、被动语态 have/has been +动词的过去分词 练习 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to

12、 figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range 1 (study); however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations 2 (employ) only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over

13、 a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 3 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Scientists 4 (respond) by noting hat hungry bears may be congregating(聚 集) around human settlements, leading to the illusi

14、on(错觉) that populations are highly than they actually are. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. （六）过去完成时 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态（发生在过去的过去） 2、时间标志词: by the end of+过去的时间 before/when/until 等词引导的时 间状语从句

15、 3、考点：had+动词过去分词 4、被动语态：had been+动词过去分词 例：1、By the end of last year we had built (build)five new houses. 2、I had learned (learn)5000words before I entered the university. 3、Many buildings had been built (build)by the end of last year. 考点总结考点总结 主动 被动 一般现在时 be:am is are V 原 V 三单 am/ is/ are+V-ed(过去分词)

16、 一般过去时 be:was were V-ed(过去式) was/were+V-ed(过去分词) 现在完成时 have/has+V-ed(过去分词) have/has been+V-ed(过去分词) 过去完成时 had+V-ed(过去分词) had been+V-ed(过去分词) 一般将来时 will+V 原 will be+V-ed(过去分词) 过去将来时 would+V 原 would been+V 原 现在进行时 am/is/are+V-ing 过去进行时 was/were+V-ing 高考常考不规则动词变化表高考常考不规则动词变化表 语法填空 1、看动词在句中是不是作谓语动词（如果是，

17、则按以下方法填） 2、判断时态（一般可根据整篇文章时态判断或者前后句时态判断） 注意：and, but 等连词一般前后两句时态保持一致 3、判断语态（看主语和动词之间的关系） 4、根据上表变动词形式 (一)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution 1 (be)terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 2 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up

18、. The river was so polluted that it actually 3 (catch)fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months. It 4 (take)years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean

19、the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit that is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you 5 (face) suc

20、h an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and 6 (require) a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient. （二）Diets have chan

21、ged in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice 2 (increase)only 7 percent. A taste for meat 3 (be) actually behind the change: An important part of its corn 4 (use) to fee

22、d chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government 5 (encourage) farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and 6 (create) less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased pollution in the countrys major lakes and reser

23、voirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxk According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government 7 (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilize

24、r recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That 8 (prevent) the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers 改错 时态跟动词形式不匹配 （一）I become interested in playing football thanks

25、 to a small accident. One afternoon when I was in primary school, I am walking by the school playground. Suddenly a football fall just in front of me and almost hit me. I stop the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprise, the ball went into the net. All the football pl

26、ayers on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. From then on, I start to play football with classmates after school. I was a good player now. (二） During my last winter holiday, I go to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there

27、. The first time I went there, there are living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals. Last winter when I went there again, they have a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. They also have a small pond where they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a l

28、ot by selling the fish. I felt happy that their life have improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I plan to return every two years, and he agreed. 答案解析 The polar bear 1 (find) in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. 由 masses 可以看出时态为一般现在时，主语和动词是动宾关系

29、，所以是一 般现在时的被动语态，填 is found. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence that they 2 (range) all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 由前面的 is 可知，时态为一般现在时，主语和动词为主谓关系，所以是一 般现在时的主动语态，填 ranges Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only

30、 since the mid-1980s, and 3 (be)expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 由 have been employed 可知是现在的时态主语 methods 是复数，所以填 are In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut has been reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations 4 (be) in

31、creasing. 由 has been reported 可知是现在的时态，又因为 populations 是复数，所以填 are Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations 5 (be)highly than they actually are. 由 are 可知是现在的时态，又因为 populations 是复数，所以填 are Of t

32、he nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 6 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine 7 (lack) enough data. 由 are 可知是现在的时态，又因为 six 表示复数概念，所以填 are Nine 表示复数概念，所以填原型 lack It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 由 was 可知是一般过去时， 又因为主语跟动词是主谓关

33、系， 所以是一般过去 时的主动语态填 arrived A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. Here, the air 2 (be) clean and fresh, even with the rain. 由 had 可知是过去的时态，又因为 air 是不可数名词，所以填 was Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters

34、 of the Li River which 3 (picture) by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 由 had 可知是过去的时态，又因为主语跟动词是动宾关系，所以是一般过去 时的被动语态。填 was pictured For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and 4 (offer) all the scenery of the better-known city. 由 is 可知是现在的时态，又因为 it 表示单数概念，所以填动词三单 offers Yangshuo

35、 is 5 (be) really beautiful. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range 1 (study); 由 is 可知是现在的时态，这表示已经完成的动作，所以用现在完成时，又 因为主语和动词是动宾关系，所以是现在完成时的被动语态，填 has been studied Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations 2 (employ) only since the mid-1980s, and a

36、re expensive to perform consistently over a large area. since+时间点是现在完成时的时间标志词，主语和动词是动宾关系，所以是 现在完成时的被动语态，填 have been employed In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 3 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. In recent ye

37、ars 是现在完成时的时间标志词，主语和动词是动宾关系，所以 是现在完成时的被动语态，填 have been reported Scientists 4 (respond) by noting hat hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are highly than they actually are. 根据意思，表示已经完成的动作，所以用现在完成时，又因为主语和动词是 主谓关系，所以是现在完成时的主动语态，填 h

38、ave responded In 1969, the pollution 1 (be)terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. in+过去年份，一般过去时，所以填 is It 2 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 根据 could 可知是一般过去时，所以填 was The river was so polluted that it actually 3 (catch)fire and burned. 根据 was 可知是一般过去时，所以填 caught B

39、ut the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.It 4 (take)years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. 根据 wasnt changed 可知是一般过去时，所以填 took When you 5 (face) such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? 根据 dont 可知是

40、一般现在，主要为第二人称，所以填 face While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and 6 (require) a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 根据 are 可知是一般现在时，主语为复数，所以填 require Since 2011, the country 1 （grow）more corn than rice. Since+时间点是现在完成时的

41、时间标志词，主语和动词为主谓关系，所以填 has grown Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice 2 (increase)only 7 percent. 根据 over the past 25 years 可知是现在完成时，所以填 has increased A taste for meat 3 (be) actually behind the change: An important part of its corn 4 (use) to feed chickens,

42、 pigs, and cattle. 根据全文可知是一般现在时，所以填 is 因为 use 和主语为动宾关系，所以填 is used The government 5 (encourage) farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. 根据全文可知是一般现在时，主语和动词是主谓关系，所以填 encourages Corn uses less water than rice and 6 (create) less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. 根据 uses 可知是一般现在时，主语和动词为主谓关系，

43、所以填 creates The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government 7 (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That 8 (prevent) the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carb

44、on dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers 2005 是过去年份，所以填 tarted 2011 是过去年份，所以填 prevented I become interested in playing football thanks to a small accident. 由下文可知是一般现在时，所以 become-became One afternoon when I was in primary school, I am walking by the

45、school playground. 由 was 可知是一般现在时，所以 am-was Suddenly a football fall just in front of me and almost hit me. fall-fell I stop the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. stop-stopped From then on, I start to play football with classmates after school. 因为 then 是当时，所以 start-started I was a go

46、od player now. 因为 now 是现在，所以 was-am During my last winter holiday, I go to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 因为 last+时间是一般过去时的时间标志词，所以 go-went I find a big change there. find-found The first time I went there, there are living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other anima

47、ls. are-were Last winter when I went there again, they have a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. have-had They also have a small pond where they raised fish. have-had I felt happy that their life have improved. have-had At the end of our trip, I told my father that I plan to return every two years, and he agreed. plan-planned（在宾语从句中，如果主句是过去的时态，从句也一定是过 去的时态）