1、初中英语语法之,代词篇,代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,人称代词： 人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 Whos knocking at the door? Its me. 谁敲门？-是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” You, she and I al
2、l enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。,She 的用法： she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,It的用法： 1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天气怎么样
3、？- 有风。 Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,2. it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. who is the person over there? It is the headteacher.,3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳 Its hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 Its good for you taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,1. - Who is knoc
4、king at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that 3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy_. A. it B. one C. that,固定句型 1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is h
5、ard for me to do this work. 2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth. Its time for you to do the homework. 4. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.,5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 6. 自从以来，已经有（
6、时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时) 7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think feel,+ it + adj. to do,I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that 2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took 3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Intern
7、et . A. go B. to go C. going,二.物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语 My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 His parents are very friendly. 他的父母非常友善。,3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。 These books arent ours.
8、 Ours are new. (our books = ours) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours),4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友,1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him 3. Frank cant find _
9、 dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him,4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs 5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themse
10、lves,herself,itself,三.反身代词,1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语 He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一个大夫。 I myself can work the problem out. 我能亲自算出这道题,2. 反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快 自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己,enjoy onese
11、lf teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself,注意： oneself 有单复数之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish.,The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his
12、C. himself 2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself 3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your,不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, an
13、other, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词,四.不定代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any picture-books?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见（would,should,could,may）或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中 Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？ Ma
14、y I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？ Will you give me some water? 你能给我些水吗？,2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.,3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 I dont want this
15、 coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 Do you have any other questions?,4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,others泛指其他的人或物
16、 He often helps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football. the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”
17、a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”,Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little 2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few 3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few,6.every/each
18、every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.,each every, I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street.
19、Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.,every other,7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of us is/are afraid of dogs
20、.,none no one, How many people are there in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from,8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents ar
21、e teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 Neither of them stopped to have a
