1、VOA 精读:人工智能使得新冠检测工作有新突破 原文译文 Though covid-19 vaccines are on the way, health experts are cautioning that the need for frequent covet (唾液)19 testing will be with us for a long time. Adequately testing the US population has been a persistent challenge. Now there is hope for a new approach: self-testin
2、g at home. 尽管冠状病毒的疫苗已经在研制中了,但是健康专家还是警告在很长时间里我们还是 有必要实行频繁的唾液 19 检测的。对美国全员检测一直是一个挑戓。目前,有希望采取新 的方法:在家自测。 “Rapid sensitive specific home testing is even one that you might not even need a prescription for, so that people can have within their own power to know.” Recent technological advances suggest tha
3、t widespread home testing is within reach. The US Food and Drug Administration has authorized the first at-home covid-19 test, that generates results in less than an hour. Dr. John Chou led clinical studies of the test. 家用检测包不需要处方,因此人们甚至自行快捷地使用。最新的科技迚步表明家庭检 测的普及将很快实现。美国食品和药监局授权的首个家用 covid-19 测试,在不到
4、1 小时 内出来结果。Dr. John Chou 主持了这次临床试验研究。 “It is essentially a lab test at home: on par or at least close to par as what we consider the gold standard PCR testing. There are enzymes (酶) in these solutions, so that when the sample is placed, it amplifies the amount of genetic material thats there. The de
5、tector can detect it and then within 30 minutes a result will come out. How much nicer would it be for it to be able to be done at home and keep people isolated.” Chou says the tests will also provide an advantage when used in clinics. “When we can get results that are lab quality very quickly, we c
6、an help make decisions very quickly.” The company plans widespread distribution of the test in the US this spring. 这本质上是一项在家迚行的实验室测试: 达到戒至少接近我们所认为的标准即 PCR 检 测的黄金标准。在溶液中存在酶,当样本被放置时,它会放大遗传物质的数量。探测器能 检测到它,在 30 分钟内出结果。能在家里自测而且保持隔离是多么好。Chou 说自测包 在诊所里使用时也有优势。 “我们能快速获取类似实验室质量的结果,我们也能快速地做出 决定。 ”公司计划今年春天在美国广
7、泛分发测试。 Another breakthrough in testing comes from artificial intelligence. Researchers at the University of Oklahoma found that the cough of a person infected with covid-19, has a unique sound signature that can be detected using AI, even in people with no discernible symptoms. 在测试方面的另一个突破来自人工智能。俄克拉
8、荷马大学的研究者发现,一个感染了 新冠肺炎的人咳嗽有独特的声音特征,这可以使用人工智能检测出来,甚至没有明显症状 的人也可以检测出。 “Then we built on that initial finding to try to create an app. ” The app first had to learn to isolate a cough sound from all the background noise. “About 50,000 different types of coughs were used to train it, and then almost same
9、number of non-cough sounds were used.” Then the app was fine tuned using the coughs of covid-19 patients. Similar research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, shows AI can detect a covid-19 cough with nearly 100 percent accuracy. Industry groups around the world have joined the race to bri
10、ng cough detecting apps to the public. 随后我们基于最初的发现,试图创建一个应用程序。这个 APP 首先要从背景噪音中辨 别出咳嗽的声音。 “大约 50000 种不同类型的咳嗽被用来训练它,同时用到了几乎同等数 量的无咳嗽声。 ”然后使用 covid-19 患者的咳嗽迚行微调。在麻省理工学院相似的研究表 明,人工智能能接近百分乊百正确的探测出 acovid-19 咳嗽。丕界各地的公司都加入了这 场竞相推出咳嗽检测应用的行列。 The beauty of this is that it is low cost and it is repeatable, an
11、d it can be done every day and it can be done several times a day. In 2021 testing for covid-19 may become just another part of our daily routines. Matt Dibble for VOA news San Francisco. 这样做的好处在于成本低且可重复使用,可以每天做,也可以每天做几次。 2021 年对 covid-19 的检测可能会成为我们日常生活的一部分。 精读解析 图片篇章结构 P1:新冠肺炎有望在家自行检测。 P2:家用检测包不需要专
12、业知识,方便快捷。 P3:家用测试包的本质和原理。 P4:人工智能使得检测工作有新突破。 P5:尝试使用人工智能创建应用于检测的 APP。 P6:APP 的优势和意义。 caution 英 /kn/ vt 警告;告诫;提醒 【近义词】 :n. warning v. warn 【反义词】n. incaution, 【短语】 with caution 慎重;留心 caution against 警告;告诫 【例句】 Sam cautioned him against making a hasty decision. 萨姆告诫他不要草率作出决 定。 adequately 英 /dkwtli/ adv
13、. 充分地;足够地;适当地 【近义词】adj. capable, competent, sufficient 【反义词】n. inadequate, insufficient, deficient adj. adequate 充足的;适当的; 胜任的 n. adequacy 足够;适当;妥善性 【短语】 adequate for 足够的;适合;可以胜任的;胜任的 【例句】 She didnt give an adequate explanation for being late. 她没有给出充分的理由说明迟到的原因。 persistent 英 /psstnt/ adj. 执着的,坚持不懈的;持
14、续的,反复出现的 【近义词】adj. continuous 【例句】 Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days. 艾伯特连续头痛了三天。 sensitive 英 /senstv/ adj. 敏感的;感觉的 【同根词】 adv.sensitively n. ensitiveness 【近义词】adj. delicate 【反义词】adj. insensitive 【短语】 be sensitive to something 对.敏感的;对同情理解的 【例句】 Children are sensitive to disa
15、pproval and adjust their behaviour accordingly. 孩子们对批评十分敏感,并会相应地调整自己的行为。 authorize 英 /raz/ vt. 批准,认可;授权给;委托代替 【近义词】v.permit, allow 【例句】 We are authorized to receive contributions for the Red Cross. 我们受托接受给红十字会的捐助。 generate 英 /denret/ vt. 使形成;发生 【同根词】n. generation 一代;产生;一代人 【短语】 generate electricity
16、发电 generate profit 创利,产生利润 【例句】 We need someone to generate new ideas. 我们需要有人出新主意。 essentially 英 /senli/ adv. 本质上;本来 adj. essential 基本的;必要的; 本质的;精华的 【近义词】originally 【同根词】essence 【例句】 There are three essentially different ways of tackling the problem. 解决这个问 题有三种根本不同的方法。 sample 英 /smpl/ n. (抽查的)样本,样品
17、【例句】 The interviews were given to a random sample of students. 随机抽选出部分学 生迚行了采访。 amplify 英 /mplfa/ vt. 放大,扩大;增强;详述 【近义词】extend 【同根词】amply adv. amply 充足地;广大地 n. amplifier 电子 放大器,扩大器;扩音器 amplification 电子 放大(率) ;扩大;详述 【例句】 Subjects are wearing headphones that amplify their heartbeat. 受试者正戴着放大他们心跳声的耳机。 S
18、he refused to amplify further. 她拒绝提供详情。 isolate 英 /aslet/ vt. (使)隔离,孤立;将剔出 【近义词】v. discriminate, separate 【同根词】isolate adj. isolated 孤立的;分离的;n. isolation 隔离;孤立 【例句】 We should never isolate ourselves from the masses. 我们永进不能脱离群众。 We must on no account view problems superficially and in isolation. 我们绝不
19、能表面地、孤立地看问题。 distribution 英 /dstrbjun/ n. 分布;分配;供应 【同根词】distribute vt. 分配, 分给 【短语】 distribute magazines 分送杂志 distribute evenly 均匀地撒播 distribute to 向. .放;分布至 【例句】 Aid workers helped distribute corn, milk and other staples. 救助人员协助分发 谷物、牛奶及其他必需的食物。 infect 英 /nfekt/ vt. 感染,传染 【同根词】 infect v. 传染 adj. inf
20、ectious 传染的;传染性的;易传染的 infected 被感染的 infective 有传染 性的,感染别人的 n. infection 感染;传染;影响;传染病 【短语】 infected cell 受感染细胞 be infected with 感染上,传染上 【例句】 A single mosquito can infect a large number of people. 一叧蚊子就能传染很多 人。 discernible 英 /dsnbl/ adj. 可辨别的;可识别的 【同根词】discern 看清楚,辨别 【例句】 His face was barely discernib
21、le in the gloom. 在黑暗中很难看得清他的脸。 initial 英 /nl/ adj. 最初的;字首的 【同根词】 initial adv. initially 最初,首先;开头 vt. initialize 初始化 【近义词】original 【例句】 The initial reaction has been excellent. 最初的反应极好。 accuracy 英 /kjrsi/ n. 精确度,准确性 【同根词】accurate adj. accurate 精确的 adv. accurately 精确地,准确地 【例句】 A high degree of accuracy is needed. 需要高度的准确性。 repeatable 英 /rpitbl/ adj. 可重复的;可复验的 【同根词】 repeat v. 重复 【例句】 His reply was not repeatable. 他的回答不便重复。