1、2021 高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（六六十十五五） Exercise 1：长难句分析：长难句分析 1. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1)
2、immigrant n.移民（强调“到某国定居” ，其后常接介词 in） 加利福尼亚有许多来自其他州的移民。 对比：emigrant n.移民（强调“从某国离去” ，其后常接介词 from） 一条载满移居外国者的船很快就要开往加拿大了。 【语法点拨】运用强调句型时要注意时态问题。 2. You must be aware that it is here that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】evidenc
3、e n.证据；证词；根据；迹象 v.证明；证实 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。 【语法点拨】强调句型如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用 when, where, why 或 how，而仍用 that。如： 正是在人民公园里我遇到了那对正在给花拍照的老夫妇。 3. Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-storey car parks, drive-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to suit the needs of c
4、ar owners. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】suit the needs of v.满足某人的需求 我们一定要设法满足普通消费者的要求。 【语法点拨】独立主格结构，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴 随、目的等，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，而是由具有逻辑主谓 关系的两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、 动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。如： 作业完成后，他回家了。 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。 Exercise 2：阅读练习：阅读练习 In the first days of the New Yea
5、r, a photo from Rios traditional fireworks show on Copacabana Beach has spread like wildfire on Brazilian social networksa shot of a little boy, alone, wading into the water, separated from the joyful crowd celebrating and taking pictures behind him. Arms crossed, he stares up wide-eyed and open-mou
6、thed at the fireworks in the sky. Despite the absence of any information about the child other than his age 9, the image Lucas Landau shot for Reuters news agency has sparked tens of thousands of shares and comments on social media, newspaper articles, blog posts and a national debate about race, cl
7、ass and inequality. To some, its just a photo of a young black boy attracted by the spectacular New Years Eve fireworks. People need to stop thinking that all black boys, without shirts on, are abandoned, sad, alone and unhappy. To others, the image is emblematic of Brazils acute inequality. About h
8、alf of Brazils population of 200 million is identified as mixed-race/black, second only to Nigeria. But black and mixed-raced Brazilians are under-represented in academia, politics and leadership roles. Less than 10 percent of Brazils Congress is black, and just 18 percent of leadership roles are he
9、ld by Afro-Brazilians. For Luiz Augusto Campos, a sociologist at Rio State University, the wide-ranging interpretations of the photo, as well as the explosive debate it generated, represent a changing tide for Afro-Brazilians. “The fact that its become so problematic is a reflection of a complex tra
10、nsition in terms of race in Brazil,” he said, adding that 20 or 30 years ago, the photo would have stirred few or no concerns about whether it strengthened negative stereotypes(刻板印象). “These changes are still relatively small in Brazil, but they have the long-term objective of dissociating the ideas
11、 of blackness and poverty,” Campos said. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A.The boy in the photo has been abandoned and needs urgent help. B.Afro-Brazilians are mistreated because they are in the minority. C.The debate the image generates worsens the acute inequality. D.The boys age is mentione
12、d in the news. 2.Which word can be used to replace the underlined word “emblematic”? A.Problematic. B.Representative. C.Objective. D.Significant. 3.Which of the following statements may Campos agree with? A.The debate reflects a positive tendency in Brazil. B.The debate could have been more fierce 2
13、0 or 30 years ago. C.The Afro-Brazilians should fight for their rights. D.The Afro-Brazilians have successfully raised their social status. 4.What problem does the photo reflect according to this passage? A.The racial inequality in Brazil. B.The social status of the Afro-Brazilians. C.The stereotype
14、 to associate blackness with poverty in Brazil. D.The Afro-Brazilians fighting for rights. 参考答案参考答案 1.【句式翻译】虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的 中国移民却是在 19 世纪 60 年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，although 引导的让步状语从句在前，而逗号 后面的主句是一个强调句，对句子的主语进行强调。 California has many immigrants from other states. 加利福尼亚有许多来自其他州的
15、移民。 对比：emigrant n.移民（强调“从某国离去”，其后常接介词 from） A ship full of emigrants will soon leave for Canada. 一条载满移居外国者的船很快就要开往加拿大了。 2. You must be aware that it is here that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 【句式翻译】你们想必都很清楚, 正是在这个地方, 我们找到了居住在世界 上这个部分最早人类的证据
16、。 【句式分析】该句是一复合句，主句 You must be aware that中的 that 引导 的是 it is herethatof the world 这一含有强调句型的宾语从句，其中还有 who 引导的定语从句修饰 people。 【词语点拨】evidence n.证据；证词；根据；迹象 v.证明；证实 There wasnt enough evidence to prove his guilt. 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。 【语法点拨】强调句型如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用 when, where, why 或 how，而仍用 that。如： It was in
17、 the Peoples Park that I met the old couple taking photos of flowers. 正是在人民公园里我遇到了那对正在给花拍照的老夫妇。 3.【句式翻译】在美国无论你去哪儿，你都能发现高速公路、多层停车场、 汽车影院、甲车通过式快餐店，所有这些都是为了满足开车人的需求。 【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句是 you can find，从句是句首的 Wherever you go作让步状语， 主句后还有一个被逗号分隔开来的独立主格结构 作状语。 【词语点拨】suit the needs of v.满足某人的需求 We must try to
18、suit /meet / satisfy the needs of the ordinary consumers. 我们一定要设法满足普通消费者的要求。 【语法点拨】独立主格结构，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴 随、目的等，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，而是由具有逻辑主谓 关系的两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、 动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。如： His homework having been finished, he went home. 作业完成后，他回家了。 The baby fell from the bed, blo
19、od coming down from his face, crying loudly. 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。 答案 1.D 细节理解题。 由第二段中的“Despite the absence of any information about the child other than his age 9”可知,只有男孩的年龄被提到了,其他关于这个男孩的 信息一概没有。故选 D 项。 2.B 词义猜测题。 problematic 产生问题的;造成困难的;representative 典型的, 有代表性的;objective 客观的;significant 重要的,有
20、意义的。对某些人来说,这张照 片只是一个黑人小男孩的照片,他被新年前夜的烟花吸引。而对于其他人来说,这 是 Brazil 严重不平等的代表。故选 B 项。 3.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知,这幅照片引发的辩论代表了一种不断 变化的趋势。这一问题变得如此严重,反映了巴西种族的复杂转变。相较于二、 三十年前的人们漠不关心而言,这是一种积极的变化。故 A 选项正确。 4.C 推理判断题。 由最后一段“These changes are still relatively small in Brazil, but they have the long-term objective of dissociating the ideas of blackness and poverty,” Campos said.可知,这张照片在二三十年前,不会激发人们关于它是否会 增强消极的刻板印象的担心。而现在,这张照片引发了人们的激烈辩论,虽然这些 变化仍然很小,但是他们的长期目标是将黑人和贫穷为一体的观念分离开来。由 此可推知,这张照片反映了一个问题:人们认为黑人和贫穷是一体的观念是根深蒂 固的。这是人们对黑人和贫穷的刻板印象。故选 C 项。
