1、定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）.,定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.,关系代词如何引导定语从句 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in S
2、hanghai. 代替 sister 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 关系代词： （如上例who/that）,1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,The building is our school. The building stands by the river.,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数
3、必须和先行词一致。,The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 定语从句,which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系 代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
4、 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间),the tall the strong the clever,boy,The boy is Tom.,The boy who is tall is Tom.,The boy who is strong is Tom,The bo
5、y who is clever is Tom,? The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.,? The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom.,? The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.,? The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,T
6、he man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语),? The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.,The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.,? The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The m
7、an( who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,关系代词,3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book
8、 whose cover is red.,I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple which is green is big.,Can you find the pen? I wrote wi
9、th it just now.,Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.,The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borro
10、w books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .,2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very
11、 big.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),The room where I live is very big.,?定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we
12、will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是 something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.,3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very
13、, the same, the last 作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that 1).先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up her
14、e. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。,1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hote
15、l.,The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.,2.Ill never forget the day. I joined the Party on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party .,(1) The
16、 scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world. whom that,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new. which ,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best f
17、ilm. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,单项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.whic
18、h was D.where 3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen 4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who 5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which,A,C,B,D,B,6. This book is
19、 for the students _mother language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 9The boy_parents died two years a
20、go lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./ 10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C. which D. what,C,C,A,A,B,1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3.
21、 The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as,A,A,A,定语从句练习,4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. / 6. The only language _ i
22、s easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it,B,b,B,定语从句练习,7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this,C,C,A,定语从句练习,10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all t
