1、冠 词 不定冠词 （a、an 泛指 ） 定冠词 (the 特指) 零冠词 I took a pear and an apple from the plate. 辨析 不定冠词a/an 的区别 a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前； an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。 a university in Asia ju 元音音标 还是 辅音 音标呢？ a one-window hall w an unfinished task 26个字母 an honest boy There is _ “i” in the word “university” 一、不定冠词的用法 1.当第一次提到某人或某物时， 用a/an起
2、介绍作用。 eg: There is a tree in front of my house. I gave him a book yesterday. 2. 指某人或某物，但不具体 说明何人何物。 泛指 eg: A boy came to see you a moment ago. He works in a hospital. 3. 用于单数可数名词前，泛指 某一类人或事物。 定义 eg: A doctor is a person who saves peoples lives . A horse is a useful animal. A bird can fly. 4. 表示数量，有“
3、一”的意思。 eg: : A panda has a mouth , a noseA panda has a mouth , a nose， two eyes two eyes. Rome was not built in a day. Rome was not built in a day. 5.不定冠词用在事物的“单位“前, 如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词 之前,表示 “每一“ eg: He often goes to school six times a week. six kilometers an hour two classes a week twice a month twi
4、ce a month 6.序数词强调顺序时一般用the。 但有时用“a(n)+序数词”结构 表示在原来的基础上增加，意思为 “又，还，再” egeg: Can you give a third apple: Can you give a third apple？ Can you give a third chance? Can you give a third chance? The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small. A.a; a B. the; t
5、he C. a; the D. the; a 7.使物质或抽象名词具体化， 表示一次，一种，一场等。 egeg: : I Its a pleasure to talk to you. ts a pleasure to talk to you. a a heavyheavy snow a snow a strongstrong wind wind make a fire have a good time make a fire have a good time snowsnow PS: 表自然现象的名词前要用the; 但其前有形容词修饰时，则常用a(an) eg: The wind is ris
6、ing. Its a fair wind. 风刮起来了，是顺风。 联想记忆： a west wind ; a warm gentle wind温暖的微风 in the rain, in a heavy(light, fine) rain 在大（小，细）雨中 7.用在固定词组当中。 a bit 一点 a few a lot (of) a little have a cold in a hurry once upon a time make a face after a while in a word 总的来说 a number of a pair of “have/take +a+抽象名词”与该
7、名词的动词同意 have a swim have a walk have a look have a talk 补充： 1. 只能修饰 不可数名词 U a great deal of a large amount of , a bit of 一点 a great / large amount of 2. 只能修饰 可数名词C 复数：a good / great many a (great / large) number of, numbers of 单数： many a 许多 3.既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of， a great
8、 / large quantity of ， quantities of ， a great mass of, masses of Exercise： 元音发音开头字母 a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x a an 1 There is _an_ “m” in the word “mother”. 2. This is _an_ empty bottle . Could you give me _a_ full one? 3. -Did you see the football match last night? -Yes, Ive never seen su
9、ch _an_ exciting match before. such an exciting match so exciting a match such 名词 so 形容词 Exercise： 1. English is useful language . We should learn it well . A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. Are you _ Chinese or American? Chinese. But I was brought up in New York. A. an B. / C. the D. one Exercise： 3. I fou
10、nd _ good news in _ newspaper. A. a, a B. a piece of , a piece of C. a, a piece of D. a piece of , a 4. Its _ pity that you are wrong again. A. / B. a C. an D. the 定冠词 （the）特指 1.用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物. eg: This is the house where Luxun once lived. 限制性定语从句 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物. eg: Please close the door. T
11、ake the medicine. 3.指上文提到过的人或物, 用定冠词the. eg: I took a pear and an apple from the plate, and the apple tasted nice. Exercise:Exercise: 1 1、Would you please pass me Would you please pass me _ sugar on the table ? _ sugar on the table ? A.A. a a B. theB. the C. an D. /C. an D. / Exercise:Exercise: 2 2、
12、Last Sunday , my parents took Last Sunday , my parents took me to the zoo . In the zoo I saw me to the zoo . In the zoo I saw elephant . elephant . elephant elephant was from Africa . was from Africa . A.A. an ; the an ; the B. the ; an B. the ; an C. an ; / D. a ; a C. an ; / D. a ; a 4. the加单数可数名词
13、 可以表示一类人或事物。 eg： The horse is a useful animal. A horse is a useful animal. 5.用在形容词的比较级前。 eg： She is the thinner of the two girls. 越越 比较级 The more you practise, 比较级 the easier it becomes. It is believed that _you work, _result youll get. A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C.
14、the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 6.用在序数词和形容词最 高级前. eg：July is the seventh month of the year. Youre the youngest in the class. 三者或三者以上 7.指世界上独一无二的事物. egeg： thethe sun sun the the earth earth thethe sky sky thethe world world 8.用在普通名词构成的 专有名词前. eg： the West Lake the Great Wall the United
15、 States the United Nations 1.人名 2.地名或地理名称 3.星期 月份节日 4.团体机构 学校 医 院 公共建筑 5,江河 湖泊 海洋 森林 the Great Wall Beijing the East Street Hospital Exercise:Exercise: 3 3 、 sun is shining brightly .sun is shining brightly . A. a A. a B. the B. the C. an D. /C. an D. / 4 4、 Great Wall is famous in Great Wall is fam
16、ous in world . world . A. a ; a A. a ; a B. the ; the B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the ; aC. a ; the D. the ; a 9.用在某些形容词前 ， 使形容词名词化， 代表一类人或物。 eg： the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the blind 盲人 the good 好人 10.用在姓氏复数前，表示 “全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 eg： The Greens are having dinner at home. The Bakers come to see th
17、em. 11.用在西洋乐器前。 eg：play the piano play the violin play _the_ flute play Erhu Play Pipa Play Guzheng 12.在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、 海峡、海湾、沙漠等专有名词前 加the 。 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河 the Yangtze River 长江 扬子江 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 the English Channel 英吉利海峡 PS: 海岛 山峰 湖泊 等名称前 一般不用t
18、he. Taiwan island台湾岛 Mount Jolmo Lungma 珠穆朗玛峰 Lake Michigan 密歇根湖 13. 定冠词加在表示单位的名词 前，意为“每，按”的意思 I rented the house by the month. Pencils are sold by the dozen. 铅笔按打来卖的。 As a rule, the workers are paid_. A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours PS: 在by weight（按重量） 中不用the 14.固定搭配当中的定冠词。 in t
19、he morning/afternoon/evening in the end at the same time all the year round 全年 in the east/ south/west/north in the front of在前面 in the future 在未来 at the back of 在后面 play the fool 做傻事 on the spot 在现场 当场 out of the question 不可能 out of question 没问题 巧学妙记 特指、重提和唯一，沙漠、江河与群山 海洋、党派、最高级，群岛、海峡和海湾 方位、顺序和西乐， 年代
20、、团体与机关 组织、船名和建筑， 会议、条约与报纸 姓氏复数、国全名，望请记住用定冠 Exercise: Exercise: 5 5 、 Greens are on a visit to a beautiful city Greens are on a visit to a beautiful city in _ China . in _ China . A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. The ; /D. The ; / 6 6、She learned to play She learne
21、d to play guitar all by herself . guitar all by herself . A. a A. a B. the B. the C. an D. /C. an D. / 零冠词零冠词 1. 1. 某些专有名词，某些专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词物质名词，抽象名词等等 表示泛指时前面用零冠词。表示泛指时前面用零冠词。 名词名词 专有名词专有名词 5 5种种 和普通名词和普通名词 （个体，集体，（个体，集体，物物 质，抽象质，抽象） egeg: : Money is not everything. Money is not everything. Sugar is n
