1、英语简单句的 五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型： 1.+ (主谓) 2.+ (主系表) 3.+ (主谓宾) 4.+IO +D(主谓间宾 直宾） 5.+ + +O(主谓宾 宾补),基本句型 I + +（主系表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue,
2、stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss seems satisfied with the work.,Deep water st
3、ays still.,练习,1今天我感觉不太舒服。 2 他看上去很累。 3 你的汤味道很好。 4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。,I dont feel very well today.,He looks very tired.,Your soup tastes very good.,She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.,5 天越来越冷了。 6 孩子不久就睡着了。 7 他长得相当高了。 8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。,Its getting cold.,Soon the child fell asleep.,She went pale at the
4、news.,He has grown quite tall.,基本句型 II +（主谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to help farmers pick fresh apple. 4.
5、She sat under the tree alone, reading a novel written by Hellen Keller. 5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,练习,1鸟在飞翔。 2她的宝宝在哭。 3太阳正在落山。 4谁也没笑。,Birds are flying.,Her baby is crying.,The sun is setting.,No one laughed.,练习2,5你唱得很美。 6 我咳了一夜。 7 我们很少在外边吃饭。 8 昨天发
6、生了事故。,You sing beautifully.,I coughed all night.,We seldom dine out.,The accident occurred yesterday.,常用的不及物动词（vi.) run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。 属性动词: wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等与well, easily等副词连用，也构成主谓。,基本句型 III + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语
7、，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to g
8、ive me a present.,练习1,1过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。 2 他们很快控制了病情。 3 他们只是在建空中楼阁。,Weve achieved a lot in the past twenty years.,They soon controlled the disease.,They are just building castles in the air.,4 我十分欣赏你们的表演。 5 顾客要求退款。 6 这会造成错误的印象。 7 我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。,I enjoyed every minute of your performance.,The customer
9、demanded a refund.,We always exchange Christmas gifts.,That will create a wrong impression.,基本句型 IV +IO +D(主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： She brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物
10、），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： She brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, cho
11、ose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,常跟双宾语的动词,give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。,take, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award,
12、 write, grant, permit, promise, pay,do, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing,练习,1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。 2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。 3 这会省去你很多麻烦。 4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。,She sang us an English song.,Ill make you some fresh tea.,That will save you a lot of trouble.,Please fetch me todays pape
13、r.,4 把车钥匙递给我。 5 把你们的计划用传真发给我们。 6 你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？ 7 把那本书扔给我。,Hand me the car key.,Please fax us your plans.,Throw me that book.,Can you e-mail me the book list?,基本句型 V +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。,英语基本句型4 主+谓+宾+补 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的
14、主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasan
15、t to be with your family.,常用的带复合宾语的动词 think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.,1.People consider Yaoming to be the soul of Chinese basketball. 2.Yaoming is considered to be the soul of Chinese basketball. 3.The teacher s praise reminded me to study ever harder
16、.,练习1,1我们把窗框漆成了黄色。 2 她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。 3 他发现这工作很有意思。 4 什么使你这样生气？,We painted the window frames yellow.,She dyed her dress light blue.,He found the job quite interesting.,What made you so angry?,5 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。 6 你们必须保持房间干净。 7 我认为这没有必要。 8 不久他们就把她释放了。,We must get the supper ready in half an hour.,You must
17、keep the room clean.,Soon they set her free.,I dont think it necessary.,英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. O
18、nce upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seem
19、ed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,巩固练习： 1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 6恰好那时房里没人。 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 8公共汽车来了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10铃响了。,1.There was only a well in the village. 2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.T
20、he weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4.The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5.There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6.There happened to be nobody in the room. 7.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8.There comes the bus. 9.There remains only twenty eight dollars. 10.There goes the bell.,典型句子分析,除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一
